Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and one cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated in Maebashi Red Cross Hospital from May 1984 to August 1987 were classified according to the therapy and progression of the disease and were investigated on their prognosis. Furthermore, "long survived group" in which, patients survived for more than one year were compared with "short survived group" in which patients died within one month after non-surgical treatment. In operated patients, the prognosis was the best, but the rate of operable cases was only 13.9%. In patients with stage IV, one year survival rate was significantly low. In patients with portal trunk invasion (Vp4), or with Child C that was the poorest functional reserve of the liver, one year survival rate was also significantly low in comparison with patients with other stages or other Child's classification. In HCC patients treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), the prognosis tended to be poor as stage and portal invasion progressed, but in regard to reserve function of the liver, the prognosis was not so poor in patients of Child C significantly as in cases of A or B. The comparisons between long and short survived group were as follows. a) In 17 cases belong to long survived group, mean survival period was 24 months and the longest one was 4 years and 10 months. On the other hand, in 10 cases belong to short survived group, mean survival period was 17 days, the shortest one was 3 days. b) The main reason of inoperability in long survived group was progression of the tumor. Complications such as diabetes mellitus, advanced age and rejection of treatment by the patient were the other reasons of in operability. In almost half of the patients in short survived group, the tumor progression and low functional reserve of liver were found in 4 patients. c) In short survived group, esophageal varices were more common and functional reserve of the liver was poorer than in long survived group. In short survived group, LDH and total bilirubin were significantly higher than those of long survived group, but there was no significant differences in transaminase value and ICG retention in 15 minutes. d) In short survived group, extent of the tumor in liver and portal invasion were advanced. Three cases of this group (30%) had distant metastasis. e) In long survived group, the main reason of death was hepatic failure. Renal failure, or pulmonary complications were also found in short survived group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of non-surgical treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma--investigation of the cases with long and short survivals after treatment]. 216 49

We recently identified a 32 K mol wt insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein (BP) which is markedly increased in the serum of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and recognized by antiserum against the human amniotic fluid IGFBP (hIGFBP-1). In the present study we sought to confirm that this protein represents the rat homolog of IGFBP-1 (rIGFBP-1), and that rIGFBP-1 may, therefore, play an important role in the regulation of IGF bioactivity in experimental diabetes. Since the abundance of related hepatic mRNA is high in diabetic rats, we asked whether well differentiated H4EIIC3 rat hepatoma cells produce rIGFBP-1 and provide sufficient amounts of this protein for purification and further characterization. Specific IGF-binding activity in hepatoma conditioned medium was detected initially by incubation with 125I-labeled recombinant human IGF-II and precipitation with polyethylene glycol. Ligand blotting demonstrated a 32 K BP, identical in size to the major low mol wt IGFBP found in diabetic rat serum. Affinity labeling and immunoprecipitation confirmed that this BP is related to human IGFBP-1 and is distinct from the fetal rat IGFBP, rIGFBP-2. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into 32 K BPs confirmed synthesis by hepatoma cells. For purification of BPs, conditioned medium was collected in roller culture, and BPs were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 chromatography, and reverse phase HPLC. Partial amino acid sequencing of purified protein demonstrated 68% identity with the human IGFBP-1 and distinguished this BP from previously characterized rat IGFBPs. Purified protein bound both IGF-I and IGF-II with high affinity. We conclude that the 32 K IGFBP produced by H4EIIC3 hepatoma cells in culture represents the rat form of IGFBP-1 (rIGFBP-1). Regulation of rIGFBP-1 may play an important role in the modulation of IGF bioactivity in experimental animals with metabolic disease. The availability of purified rIGFBP-1 and identification of a cell line that produces this BP will greatly facilitate future studies of IGFBP-1 in the rat model.
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PMID:Production of the rat type 1 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein by well differentiated H4EIIC3 hepatoma cells: identification, purification, and N-terminal amino acid analysis. 216 20

In vivo biological potency of two human insulin analogues, AspB9,GluB27 insulin and AspB10 insulin with low and high affinity to the insulin receptor, respectively, was assessed by intravenous infusion of equimolar amounts in pigs, with the euglycemic clamp technique. Human insulin and the low- and high-affinity analogues showed equivalent glucose utilization rates in the steady state (mean +/- SE 14.7 +/- 1.4, 12.7 +/- 1.5, and 12.2 +/- 1.2 mg.kg-1.min-1, respectively; n = 7). The corresponding plasma insulin levels, however, were markedly different (329 +/- 25 and 856 +/- 46 pM, P less than 0.05; 197 +/- 19 pM, P less than 0.05). There was an inverse relationship between the insulin levels and the in vitro activities measured by binding to human hepatoma cells (HepG2; 100, 20, and 308%) or by incorporation of glucose into lipids in mouse free fat cells (100, 31, and 207%). The total amount of glucose infused during and after insulin infusion was equal for the three insulins, whereas glucose utilization as a function of time was somewhat different. By describing the individual plasma concentration courses with an open two-compartment model with elimination from the receptor compartment, the time courses for binding and elimination of the three insulins in the receptor compartment were estimated. The effect seems closely linked to the elimination of insulin from the receptors rather than to the amount of insulin bound to the receptors. In conclusion, the total effect of equimolar amounts of human insulin and the two insulin analogues on glucose utilization is equal regardless of the different receptor affinities of the insulins.
Diabetes 1990 Sep
PMID:Equivalent in vivo biological activity of insulin analogues and human insulin despite different in vitro potencies. 220 Jul 28

This study was undertaken to analyse the clinical spectrum of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, and others with portal hypertension) in Kuala Lumpur. Eighty patients were diagnosed over a 6-year period. Twenty-two had biopsy proven cirrhosis while 58 others had portal hypertension with clinical and biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease. The commonest aetiology was alcohol (36%), followed by the idiopathic variety and hepatitis B. The male to female ratio was 4.4:1. Indians had a high prevalence of alcohol-associated chronic liver disease. Overall, ascites was the commonest presentation. Eight patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was diagnosed in 13% of patients undergoing abdominal paracentesis. Gallstones were detected in 37% of patients who underwent ultrasonography. Diabetes mellitus and peptic ulcer disease were noted in 22% and 31% of patients respectively.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a clinical study. 225 36

Forty-two patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were followed for a median of 4.5 yr (range = 1.5 to 21.5 yr). Except for two patients with lipodystrophy, all were obese; 35 of 42 were women, 26 of 32 were hyperlipidemic and 15 were hyperglycemic. Upper abdominal pain was the most common reason for presentation. Initial liver biopsy specimens showed the presence of macrovesicular fatty infiltration, lobular (acinar) inflammation, apoptosis, Mallory bodies (in four cases) and fibrosis (in 18 cases). Cirrhosis was present at initial diagnosis in one subject and in another two subjects liver biopsy showed marked fibrosis with disturbed architecture. Serial liver biopsy specimens revealed minimal or no apparent progression of the disorder in most of the patients, in keeping with their benign clinical course. However, one patient showed progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis during the 5-yr observation period, and in the patients with extensive fibrosis the liver disease evolved from one of active inflammation to one of inactive cirrhosis without fat or inflammation. The patient with cirrhosis later died of hepatocellular carcinoma. The severity or type of hepatic change did not correlate with the degree of obesity, hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia. However, in individual patients, poorly controlled diabetes and rapid weight loss preceded the onset of steatohepatitis. We conclude that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a cause of hepatic inflammation histologically resembling that of alcohol-induced liver disease but usually slowly progressive and of low-grade severity. However, the disorder may ultimately result in cirrhosis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis should be distinguished from alcoholic steatohepatitis and recognized as a further cause of "cryptogenic cirrhosis."
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PMID:The natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a follow-up study of forty-two patients for up to 21 years. 1503 Sep 72

The relationship between selected aspects of medical history and the risk of primary liver cancer was analyzed in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 242 patients with histologically or serologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and 1169 controls in hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, or digestive diseases. Significant associations were observed for clinical history of hepatitis [odds ratio (OR), 3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3-5.9], cirrhosis (OR, 16.8; 95% CI, 9.8-28.8), and three or more episodes of transfusion in the past (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-4.1). Among other diseases considered, there was a significant association with diabetes (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.8), and a protection by history of drug allergies (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). These associations were not appreciably modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors and were observed for diseases occurring less than 5 or 5 or more years before liver cancer diagnosis, although for cirrhosis the risk was higher in the short term occurrences (OR, 50). For hepatitis, the association was more evident at older ages, confirming the long lead time between infection and cancer occurrence, while for diabetes it was stronger (or restricted) to cases aged less than 60, suggesting a possible specific role of type I diabetes. While for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and blood transfusion this study offers further quantitative estimates of risk in a European population, the possible direct association with diabetes and protection by drug allergy were unexpected, lacked plausible biological or previous epidemiological support, and should be simply regarded as working hypotheses for further work.
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PMID:Medical history and primary liver cancer. 240 Sep 90

During the recent 5 2/3 years, hepatic resection was performed on 118 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ages ranged from 17 to 78 years with an average of 57 years. There were 101 males and 17 females. Underlying cirrhosis of the liver was found in 101 cases, and chronic hepatitis was found in 16 cases. Before surgery 62 patients had 71 associated conditions such as esophageal varices, diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, or peptic ulcer. Operations for the varices and cholelithiasis were performed simultaneously with hepatic resection in 15 and six patients, respectively. The operative mortality rate within 1 month was 7.6%, and the overall in-hospital death rate was 14.4%. In 94 patients with curative resection, the 2-year survival rate was 81.2% in patients without cirrhosis and 55.4% in patients with cirrhosis. The 4-year survival rate was 81.2% in the former and 34.8% in the latter group. The prognosis was significantly better in patients without cirrhosis than in those with cirrhosis. On the contrary, 21 of 24 patients with palliative resection died within 2 years despite extensive chemotherapy. The present results may indicate that the resectability rate of hepatocellular carcinoma is currently increasing, even in the presence of cirrhosis of the liver due to early detection of the tumor by current advances in diagnostic methods and also that major hepatic resection is possible in selected patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Clinical experience with 118 hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. 242 10

The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a 22-year-old man with thalassemia major is reported. As a result of transfusional hemochromatosis, this patient had already developed diabetes, hypogonadism, heart failure, and the sicca syndrome; he was serum and tissue HBsAg negative. Liver iron concentration measured postmortem was found to be 50 times normal. Multiply transfused patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Serial measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein should permit early detection of the tumor and reduce mortality. Preventive measures include early immunisation against hepatitis B virus and prevention of iron accumulation by intensive use of desferrioxamine. Treatment of hemochromatosis-associated hypogonadism with androgens should be considered with caution.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in thalassemia major. 243 Dec 57

New blood vessel growth occurs during normal fetal development and in diseases such as cancer and diabetes. The polypeptide angiogenin induces new blood vessel growth in two biological assays and may play a role in the vascular development of the fetus and in the neovascularization that accompanies diseases and wound healing. A complementary DNA probe for human angiogenin was used to examine the tissue distribution of angiogenin messenger RNA (mRNA) in the developing rat and in selected transformed cell lines. Angiogenin mRNA was detected predominantly in adult liver but was also detectable at low levels in other tissues. The expression of the angiogenin gene in rat liver was found to be developmentally regulated; mRNA levels were low in the developing fetus, increased in the neonate, and maximal in the adult. The amount of angiogenin mRNA in human HT-29 colon carcinoma and SK-HEP hepatoma cells was not greater than that in normal rat liver. These results demonstrate that angiogenin is predominantly expressed in adult liver, that the pattern of angiogenin gene expression is not temporally related to vascular development in the rat, and that the transformed cells studied do not contain more angiogenin mRNA than does normal liver. If angiogenin activity is controlled at the transcriptional level, the results of this study suggest that the primary function of angiogenin in vivo may be in processes other than the regulation of vascular growth.
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PMID:Tissue distribution and developmental expression of the messenger RNA encoding angiogenin. 244 Jan 5

Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease. 253 15


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