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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several workers reported an increased susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) in immunosuppressed patients. A study was carried out on 4 groups of supposedly immunocompromised patients for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HBs. The 4 groups of patients were suffering from: Leprosy, Bronchial asthma, Diabetes and hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis. Serum specimens were obtained from 137 patients representing the 4 groups and from a control group of 25 healthy individuals. All sera were tested by ELISA technique for HBsAg and anti-HBs. Results indicated that HBsAg carrier rate was 4% for the control healthy group, 7% for Bronchial asthma, 10% for Diabetes, 24% for Leprosy and 28% for hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis. On the other hand, the anti-HBs was 21% for the control group, 29% for Schistosomiasis, 55% and 58% for Diabetes and Bronchial asthma respectively and 74% for Leprosy. This study shows that immunosuppressed patients particularly those suffering from leprosy and hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis experience higher HBsAg carrier rate than the control group for the endemic hepatitis B (6-7 times higher for leprosy and Schistosomiasis). An important observation was the diminished anti-HBs rate in hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis patients, despite the highest HBsAg carrier rate they exhibited. This may be due to an immunological defect, resulting in an unsatisfactory antibody response and chronic hepatitis B antigenemia. In Egypt, where Schistosomiasis is prevalent (40-50%), the problems caused by hepatitis B infection are increased.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus infection among immunocompromised patients in Egypt. 213 6

Results of palliative operations in three patients with diabetes mellitus were analyzed. Operations were directed to a decrease of activity of counterinsular hormones--glucagon, glucocorticosteroids, catecholamines. In one patient with a coexistent chronic hepatitis a positive effect was obtained after left-side renoportal venous anastomosis with ligation of splenic vessels. The ligation of splenic vessels and unilateral adrenalectomy were performed in 2 patients with I and II type diabetes mellitus associated with arterial hypertension. A hypoglycemic and hypotensive result was obtained.
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PMID:[New approach to surgical treatment of diabetes mellitus]. 217 23

Insulin- and anti-immunoglobulin-antibodies have been recently reported in pre-diabetic subjects: the former has been proposed as a predictive marker of Type I diabetes in non-diabetic-subjects. To evaluate the diabetes-related specificity of these antibodies, the presence of insulin autoantibodies, using a recently developed and highly sensitive competitive radioimmune assay, and of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies together with that of immune complexes and of other autoantibodies has been investigated in patients with organ- or non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases. One hundred and eleven serum samples were assayed from patients with Graves' disease, primary hypothyroidism, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, Addison's disease, chronic autoimmune hepatitis, pernicious anemia, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, together with 45 serum samples from normal subjects. From patients with autoimmune diseases, 32.4% of all sera revealed values of insulin autoantibodies above the limit of positivity (p less than 0.001); anti-immunoglobulin antibodies were present in 4.1% of patients (NS); immune complexes were found in 19.5% (NS) of all patients, but in 38% of patients with Graves' disease and chronic hepatitis (p less than 0.02). There was a trend for multiple autoantibody positivity to be associated with high levels of insulin autoantibodies (p less than 0.05). Thus, whereas contrary to expectation anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are not associated with non-diabetes-related autoimmune diseases, increased humoral immunoresponsiveness to endogenous insulin appears to be related to autoimmunity in general rather than restricted to Type I diabetes.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to insulin do appear in non-diabetic patients with autoimmune disorders: comparison with anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and other autoimmune phenomena. 218 33

This article highlights the clinical and social features of the AIDS epidemic in Uganda. AIDS is already the most common cause of admission and death among hospitalized adults in many parts of the country. 1 million adults out of a country of 17 million people are estimated to be HIV-seropositive. With such a large population of HIV infected people high risks no longer exist and knowing a patient's social history rarely helps in diagnosing AIDS. Tuberculosis is now ubiquitous with a doubling in the number of cases from 1984 to 1987. With few reliable laboratory resources, a patient with AIDS with a pulmonary infiltrate can present a dilemma to a Ugandan health worker. Even though HIV testing is not routinely available in Uganda where resources are being used to repair a damaged economy, the clinical criteria for diagnosing AIDS may actually be more than 92% specific. A benefit to the clinical diagnosis is that many treatable non-HIV-related illnesses, such as diabetes, are frequently undiagnosed as AIDS related syndrome in people who are shown to be HIV seropositive by routine testing. Since AIDS immunosuppresses patients, the local opportunistic infections indicate the common environmental pathogens. In Uganda the highly prevalent infections are: syphilis, 5-30%; cytomegalovirus infection, 100%; toxoplasmosis, 50-75%; and chronic hepatitis B antigenemia, 15%. Unfortunately, there is little a Ugandan physician can do for AIDS patients with limited health resources. Counseling is controversial due to expected social norms and arguments about the situation's futility. A huge infusion of education, money, and personnel will be needed to combat AIDS in Uganda.
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PMID:AIDS in Uganda--clinical and social features. 199 59

A health survey of adults aged 30 years or more was carried out in southwest Taiwan to determine the prevalence of gallstones and to study risk factors associated with gallstones. Blood samples were collected and abdominal sonographic examination and anthropometric measurements were performed on a total of 923 people. The 40 gallstone cases detected resulted in a prevalence of 4.3%. The risk factors explored included age, sex, hepatitis, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Age and DM were the only significant factors associated with gallstones in our study. With a reference group of 30-39-year-olds as a comparison, multiple logistic regression analysis showed a trend effect with odds ratios of 1.73, 3.74, and 6.32 for age groups of 40-49, 50-59, and 60 or above, respectively. The odds ratio for DM was as high as 2.59. However, sex, body weight index, chronic hepatitis B, and hyperlipidemia were not significantly associated with gallstones.
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PMID:Risk factors for gallstones among Chinese in Taiwan. A community sonographic survey. 222 97

During the recent 5 2/3 years, hepatic resection was performed on 118 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ages ranged from 17 to 78 years with an average of 57 years. There were 101 males and 17 females. Underlying cirrhosis of the liver was found in 101 cases, and chronic hepatitis was found in 16 cases. Before surgery 62 patients had 71 associated conditions such as esophageal varices, diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, or peptic ulcer. Operations for the varices and cholelithiasis were performed simultaneously with hepatic resection in 15 and six patients, respectively. The operative mortality rate within 1 month was 7.6%, and the overall in-hospital death rate was 14.4%. In 94 patients with curative resection, the 2-year survival rate was 81.2% in patients without cirrhosis and 55.4% in patients with cirrhosis. The 4-year survival rate was 81.2% in the former and 34.8% in the latter group. The prognosis was significantly better in patients without cirrhosis than in those with cirrhosis. On the contrary, 21 of 24 patients with palliative resection died within 2 years despite extensive chemotherapy. The present results may indicate that the resectability rate of hepatocellular carcinoma is currently increasing, even in the presence of cirrhosis of the liver due to early detection of the tumor by current advances in diagnostic methods and also that major hepatic resection is possible in selected patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Clinical experience with 118 hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. 242 10

Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease. 253 15

A deceased 59-year-old woman with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis was autopsied. She had had diabetes mellitus since she was 30 years old, and insulin therapy was started at 34 years. Laboratory findings were as follows: s-GOT 85, s-GPT 31, gamma-globulin 2.45 g/dl. Immunological tests were positive for anti-smooth muscle antibody and anti-ENA antibody with high titers of antithyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies. HLA analysis revealed the presence of DR-4. The thyroid biopsy specimen showed microscopic features characteristic of chronic thyroiditis at 52 years of age. She had been repeatedly admitted for the control of diabetes mellitus. She was admitted for the 9th time in June, 1987 following complaints of abdominal pain. After admission, her general condition became gradually worse, and she died of peritonitis in September, 1987. Pathological examination of the liver revealed an expansion of fibrous tissue on Glisson's capsule accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and was diagnosed to be chronic inactive hepatitis. As for the thyroid gland, fibrous tissue replaced an extensive area of the thyroid gland, and normal thyroid tissue was not observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was less in comparison with that in the previous biopsy. As for the pancreas, atrophy of exocrine pancreatic tissue and fibrous change in interstitial tissue was observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was also seen in the interstitial exocrine tissue but not in the islet. Immunohistochemical examination of the islets using anti-insulin, glucagon and somatostatin antibodies by ABC peroxidase method showed the selective disappearance of B cells in the islets. The pathological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and pancreas suggest that autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic thyroiditis, chronic hepatitis and IDDM with exocrine pancreatic impairment in this case.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis]. 259 7

Patients with cirrhosis of the liver (LC group, n = 12) frequently have glucose intolerance secondary to hepatic dysfunction. We compared HbA1 levels and other measures of blood sugar control in the LC group with those in healthy controls (N group, n = 43), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM group, n = 36), or patients with chronic hepatitis without evidence of cirrhosis (CH group, n = 12). HbA1 levels and the mean values of fasting plasma glucose for the past month (FPG) were as follows: LC group 6.40 +/- 0.36 (mean +/- SEM)% and 130 +/- 20 mg/dl, DM group 10.29 +/- 0.45% and 172 +/- 11 mg/dl, CH group 10.70 +/- 0.86% and 176 +/- 21 mg/dl, N group 6.52 +/- 0.11% and 83 +/- 1 mg/dl, respectively. HbA1 in the LC group was similar to that in the N group, although FPG in the former was higher (p less than 0.05). All groups showed statistically significant positive correlations between HbA1 levels and (a) FPG, (b) the daily profile of plasma glucose values, (c) the total or peak plasma glucose values during a 50 g-OGTT. The regression line in the LC group, however, was statistically different from that in DM or CH group. Thus, HbA1 in the LC group is lower than that in DM or CH in spite of equivalent glucose intolerance. Therefore, we suggest caution in the interpretation of HbA1 levels in hepatic cirrhosis.
Diabetes Res 1989 Aug
PMID:Hemoglobin A1 in cirrhosis of the liver. 262 33

In 67 patients (mean age 51 years, range 26-79), at diagnosis of primary haemochromatosis (PH), grade III or IV liver iron overload was present in all cases, cirrhosis in 85%, transferrin saturation greater than 80% in 75%, serum ferritin greater than 1000 micrograms/l in 84%, and overt diabetes in 48%. Alcohol intake was greater than 150 g/day in 11 patients; six were chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. HLA-A3 and B7 antigens were present in 64% and 23% versus respectively 22% (p less than 0.01) and 9% (p less than 0.025) in controls. Iron overload was found in the stomach, duodenum, skin and bone marrow in 57, 43, 45 and 59% of the patients studied. Sixty-three patients were followed for 1-260 months (median 24); 43 received regular iron-depleting treatment and 20 did not because of liver failure, cancer or refusal. Cumulative survival was 79%, 67% and 61% at 1, 4 and 10 years, respectively. Ten patients died from hepatocellular carcinoma and two from extrahepatic cancer. The early high mortality rate was due to some cases of advanced disease or cancer. Cumulative survival in the regularly treated group was 95% at 1 year and 91% at 4 and 10 years, which was higher than in the untreated group.
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PMID:Clinical, biochemical and histological features of primary haemochromatosis: a report of 67 cases. 302 81


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