Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 29 patients with thalassaemia major who had received intensive chelation for between 6.2 and 8.8 years. All patients had normal oral glucose tolerance tests before subcutaneous chelation therapy was introduced and 22 of 29 patients had normal liver function tests. At the end of the period of study 12 patients still had normal oral glucose tolerance (7 with normal liver function tests and 5 with chronic active hepatitis). On the other hand, 11 patients had developed impaired glucose tolerance tests (3 patients had normal liver function tests, 5 with chronic active hepatitis and 3 with cirrhosis), and 6 patients had developed frank diabetes mellitus (one with chronic active hepatitis and 5 with cirrhosis). Patients with chronic active hepatitis showed 91% positivity for one or more hepatitis B markers whilst all patients with cirrhosis were positive. Ferritin levels before subcutaneous chelation in patients with normal oral glucose tolerance tests were lower than in those patients with abnormal oral glucose tolerance or diabetes (P less than 0.05) but none had normal serum ferritin levels. In addition, a positive correlation was found between glucose area under the curve after chelation therapy and serum ferritin levels (r = 0.47, P less than 0.01). It is apparent that long term chelation therapy does not prevent the development of abnormal oral glucose tolerance in chronically transfused patients. More intensive chelation therapy is needed to prevent tissue damage. Chronic liver disease may have an important role to play in the deterioration of glucose tolerance.
 ...
PMID:The development of diabetes mellitus and chronic liver disease in long term chelated beta thalassaemic patients. 354 13

Swine have been used in biomedical research for many years, but have generally been limited to those locations with personnel familiar with this species and with specially designed facilities and equipment. There is currently a growing trend in the United States for more swine, both miniature and domestic to be used as research models. Commercial availability, education through workshops and symposia, and specific research applicability in the areas such as: organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, nutrition, diabetes, dermatology, and renal physiology have all contributed to the increased usage of swine. Additionally, increasing costs and public concern about the use of random source dogs and cats have also resulted in a refocus on swine as a laboratory animal model. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) has recently gained a role as a laboratory animal model when it was discovered that woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is closely related to hepatitis B virus in humans (HBV). Chronic infections in woodchucks with WHV have shown protein particles in their blood which are similar to the Australian antigen found on the surface of HBV. There is also immunologic response similarities by the respective host to these viruses. These findings have resulted in a number of laboratories using the woodchuck in infectious disease comparative research studies. A euthymic hairless guinea pig has been described in Canada and recently been produced on a limited basis commercially in the United States. For dermatologic studies requiring an immunocompetent animal model the hairless guinea pig may prove useful. time to have the ability to add
 ...
PMID:Emerging models in the U.S.A.: swine, woodchucks, and the hairless guinea pig. 360 91

In an attempt to study the incidence of hand infections in dental personnel, a standardized survey was submitted to 715 dental professionals and hygienists throughout the state of Nebraska. Of those surveyed, 508 responded (71 percent). Ninety-eight of the 508 respondents reported an infection (19.29 percent). The rate of infection was found to correlate positively with the number of patients seen per week. The rate of infection was increased in respondents with chronic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus) versus those without chronic disease (33.33 vs. 18.59 percent). In the dental professionals surveyed, it was found that the rate of infection in those who did not routinely wear surgical gloves was significantly greater than in those who did (28.6 vs. 17.6 percent). The morbidity of infections acquired in dental practice can be substantial. A percentage of individuals must leave their practice for surgical treatment. A number have acquired hepatitis B (although none in this study), and exposure to the HTLV-III is possible. We conclude that some protection from infection can be achieved with the routine use of surgical gloves, and this practice should be considered by all, particularly those with chronic disease.
 ...
PMID:Hand infections in dental personnel. 362 71

In review, one is compelled to the notion that a variety of the aforementioned thoughts become pre-eminent in assuring quality. The selection of the tests available for home testing is crucial. They should be divided into categories of single encounter tests and multiple use tests. The single encounter implies a test that has an extremely high degree of reliability and is likely to achieve an answer to the question asked. This should relate to a disease or process for which potential favorable treatment can be achieved or which may have a major favorable impact on public health. In this category one thinks in terms of the worldwide prevalence of hepatitis B and other infectious diseases that are particularly common in third world countries. Yet, these are not "markets" likely to be able to afford this testing. Similarly, these societies are not currently sophisticated in terms of application of preventive measures. On the other hand, major benefits could be projected from the other category of testing, namely, therapeutic monitoring in the hands of individuals who will repetitively test for the same substance in the same manner. This includes not only diabetes but other conditions that are monitored for drug therapy, including seizure disorders and bronchospasm. Inherent in this aspect is the requirement for meaningful and ongoing instruction in proper testing methodology and recording of results. The incorporation of some type of memory device to enforce this aspect of testing appears extremely desirable, if not mandatory. Finally, we must consider the potential for misuse of the single test type of device. One suspects that it would be highly desirable that any test made available for self-testing should also be mandated as accessible through certified laboratories at the request of an individual, which would at least provide reliable performance of the test with a quality result. The development of the concept of quality assurance in home testing is in its infancy and will require continuing evolution.
 ...
PMID:Quality assurance in home laboratory testing. 379 13

The accidental finding of raised levels of serum aminotransferase levels may lead to extensive investigations of the liver in apparently healthy people. To identify diagnostic groups and their need for investigations, we have evaluated the results of all investigative procedures carried out in 149 asymptomatic patients with persistently raised serum levels of aminotransferases. Fatty liver was found in 64%. These patients often had a high body weight. A high alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus were also noted. Chronic active or persistent hepatitis was found in 20% of the patients. Six per cent had cirrhosis, 4% had alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and 3.5% had hemochromatosis. Apart from ferritin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and markers for hepatitis B, blood tests were of little value for distinguishing among different diagnostic groups. This was the case also for the imaging procedures, and neither liver scintigraphy nor ultrasonography was a reliable source of diagnostic information. The results of our study indicate that diagnosis in this group of patients cannot be made without liver biopsy.
 ...
PMID:Liver investigation in 149 asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated activities of serum aminotransferases. 395 45

Serum markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) were studied in 395 healthy control subjects and in 100 diabetic patients. Of the patients, 28 had type I diabetes, 31 had type II diabetes requiring insulin, and 41 had type II diabetes treated with oral agents or diet alone. None gave history of previous icterus or other signs of hepatitis, had received blood transfusions, or had been on hemodialysis. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HBV markers (mainly HB surface antibody) between the diabetic group and the controls (51% versus 25%, P less than 0.001). The control subjects included hospital personnel and, hence, their risk of HBV exposure was already relatively high. The increased occurrence of HBV markers did not seem to be related to diabetes duration, patient age, intake of insulin injections, or presence of microvascular complications. This study reveals a high degree of exposure to HBV in a moderately controlled diabetic group and possibly a high degree of proneness to subclinical hepatitis B.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Hepatitis B virus markers in diabetes mellitus. 400 59

Although many viral agents may be associated with inflammatory hepatic changes, the vast majority of clinically important viral hepatitis is caused by hepatitis A, hepatitis B and the non A, non B agents. Infection of the liver of man by these hepatotropic agents is still a major public health problem in all parts of the world and constitutes a major hazard of the transfusion of blood and plasma derivatives. The magnitude of this hepatitis problem is not only documented by the about 200 million carriers of the hepatitis-B virus throughout the world, many of them asymptomatic, but also by the fact, that hepatitis B and non A, non B may progress to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and probably primary liver cancer. Potentially important pathogenetic determinants include viral factors such as subtype, dosage and mode of transmission and host factors such as age, sex, preexisting liver disease, coexisting non-liver disease (diabetes etc.), genetics and immune response to viral or autoantigens. As the virus itself seems not directly cytopathic, the diversity of lesions has been attributed to variation in the capacity of the host's response.
 ...
PMID:[Virus-induced liver diseases in humans. I. Viral hepatitis]. 681 82

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was determined in 210 Nigerian diabetics and in 210 non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex. Nineteen diabetics (9.0%) were found to have HBS Ag in their sera compared to six (2.9%) of the non-diabetic controls. The difference is statistically significant and may be attributable to the common practice of injudicious administration of insulin injections among Nigerian diabetics. There was no correlation between the prevalence of HBS Ag and the degree of control of diabetes. The prevalence of HBS Ag among new diabetics was found to be low. It is unlikely that diabetics have impaired ability to remove the hepatitis B virus once they are infected or that serum hepatitis plays any role in the causation of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in Nigerian diabetics. 699 9

HBsAg presence was studied by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) in 76 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 431 patients with diabetes mellitus. A striking correlation was found between high blood glucose values and HBsAg absence. Thus, HBsAg-negative cirrhotics (53%) had significantly higher levels of glycemia than the HBsAg-positive patients of the same age group, i.e. 95.75 +/- 6.36 ng/100 ml compared to 78.30 +/- 10.2/100 ml. This absence of HBsAg was also observed in all diabetics but one. As the incidence of HBsAg (CEP) was found to be of 3.63% in 253,460 subjects from different areas of Romania and 6.84% in 14,690 subjects with various non-hepatic diseases included, the chance of finding the 0.2% HBsAg incidence observed in the diabetics would be less than 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively. The serum HBsAg absence in cirrhotics with high glycemia and in diabetics strongly incriminates the constant high concentrations of blood glucose as the main factor responsible for this negativity. The effect may be direct on virus replication, or indirect, by metabolically-induced hepatic dysfunction interfering with HBsAg secretion or excretion. The presence of high concentrations of glucose in cell culture media might explain the repeated failure of hepatitis B virus serial passage in tissue or organ culture.
 ...
PMID:HBs antigen and blood glucose concentration. 737 1

After hospitalisation in a diabetes ward from 1973 to March 1978 altogether 21 diabetics fell ill with an acute virus hepatitis B. Comprehensive after-examinations on 16 patients were carried out on an average 25 months after the clinical beginning of the hepatitis B. In half of the patients an HBsAg persistence was present. Chronic hepatides were established in a quarter of the cases. The findings of the after-examination in 4 sisters who simultaneously fell ill with hepatitis B remained unsonspicuous. The possible causes of the more unfavourable courses in the diabetics are discussed, also the increasing negative influence by the therapy with corticosteroids in prolonged course and with azathioprin in chronic course partly performed up to 1976.
 ...
PMID:[Pathogenesis and prognosis of acute hepatitis in diabetics]. 739 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>