Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic steatosis is a common liver biopsy finding. As a preamble to a study of nonA, nonB hepatitis we aimed to determine the clinical associations in patients who had hepatic steatosis on biopsy. All liver biopsies performed in the gastroenterology department at Auckland Hospital between 1986 and 1989 were reviewed for evidence of steatosis and the clinical associations analysed. Steatosis was present in 69 (43.7%) of 158 liver biopsy specimens with 35 being mild (47%), 29 moderate (45%) and five severe (7%). Excess alcohol intake was the probable aetiological association in 28 (45%), obesity in 17 (27%) and diabetes mellitus in seven (11%). No causal association could be identified in 17 (24%) and included three of the five cases with severe steatosis. There were no significant differences in clinical presentation, biochemistry or hepatic histopathology between alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatosis. Nonalcoholic steatosis appeared to be more benign with only one case of cirrhosis but further follow up is required to determine true prognosis.
 ...
PMID:The clinical associations with hepatic steatosis: a retrospective study. 154 74

The case of a 68-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C who developed worsening of liver disease with jaundice when he was treated with alpha interferon is described. His disease activity appeared to improve when interferon was stopped but flared again with reinstitution of treatment. Subsequent treatment with prednisone resulted in partial resolution of disease. The patient had antibody to hepatitis C virus and hepatitis C virus RNA detectable in serum; titers of these viral markers did not change with treatment. In addition, he had insulin-dependent diabetes and antinuclear antibodies, suggesting that he had a pre-existing autoimmune diathesis that may have predisposed him to developing an autoimmune hepatitis with interferon therapy.
 ...
PMID:Acute exacerbation of liver disease during interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. 155 49

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

The frequency of diabetes mellitus was compared in non-obese diabetic mice before and after inadvertent exposure of the colony to mouse hepatitis virus infection. Prior to exposure, diabetes prevalence and cumulative diabetes incidence in 7-month-old mice was 65% and 25% in females and males, respectively. Diabetes incidence/quarter revealed a seasonal pattern with peaks in winter. After mouse hepatitis exposure, the diabetes incidence in the colony decreased and testing for mouse hepatitis antibody in blood samples revealed a persistent infection. In the offspring of mice delivered by caesarean section, the diabetic incidence increased sharply from a nadir of 36% to 95% and from 9% to 65% in females and males, respectively. In individual mice, diabetes resistance was strongly correlated to high titres of mouse hepatitis virus antibody. The results of this inadvertent viral infection demonstrate that a diabetes-susceptible genotype is strongly modulated by environmental factors. Investigators studying this diabetes model should strive for specific pathogen-free colony status and a high incidence of diabetes before attempting to investigate therapeutic modalities.
 ...
PMID:Persistent MHV (mouse hepatitis virus) infection reduces the incidence of diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice. 164 35

The expression "immunocompromised host" refers to an individual who has one or more defects in the body's natural defense, which leads to severe, often life-threatening, infections. Alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, the use of antacids, and viral infections have immune-modulating effects. The human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Non A, Non B hepatitis virus also contribute to immunosuppression. The lung has a special vulnerability to infection, and pneumonia accounts for more than 40% of deaths in the immunosuppressed population. Diagnostic methods include detection of microbial antigens by monoclonal antibodies, DNA sequences by the polymerase chain-reactions or DNA probes, and unique metabolites of pathogens by gas chromatography. Transtracheal aspiration was used to obtain uncontaminated respiratory secretions, but fiberoptic bronchoscopy with shielded brush and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a better means of diagnosis because of a 90% sensitivity in diagnosing pneumocystis infection. Percutaneous aspiration and open lung biopsy are reserved for more complicated cases. Empiric treatment is justified in far advanced AIDS or relapsed myelogenous leukemia with limited life expectancy, or when there is uncontrollable bleeding diathesis or impaired pulmonary function as invasion diagnostic procedures will not be tolerated. The most important antiinfective measure is careful hand washing, while prophylactic antibiotics, selective decontamination, and antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents can be used. Active and passive immunization against specific pathogens, immunological reconstitution with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and reducing the dosage of immunosuppression are the other strategies for prevention. In the last several decades there has been substantial progress in the management of chronic diseases which used to be fatal.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised host. 166 54

The aim of the present study was to further elucidate acute and chronic manifestations of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. During the period 1974-83, 458 hospitalized patients were diagnosed by antibody response and/or isolation of the microorganism. 64 patients had suffered from chronic conditions as rheumatic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, nephritis or thyroid disease for some time. Acute hepatic, renal, cardiac, pulmonary, pancreatic or neurologic involvement were observed in a substantial portion of patients; several had multiorgan disease. Acute insulin-dependent diabetes was seen in 2 patients, malignant mesothelioma in 2, and specific lymph node inflammation in 1. The patients were followed for 4-14 years (1987). 36/160 readmitted patients had abdominal pain and 26 had diarrhea; chronic colitis was demonstrated in 4. Some patients developed rheumatic conditions; others developed chronic disease of liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, thyroid or nervous system. Chronic liver disease, in 22 patients, was correlated with positive tests for antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor; and might influence development of malignant disease, and mortality. A variety of acute and chronic clinical pictures may be associated with Y. enterocolitica infection, and further clinical research is required in this field.
 ...
PMID:A survey of acute and chronic disease associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection. A Norwegian 10-year follow-up study on 458 hospitalized patients. 176 49

The relationship between selected aspects of medical history and the risk of colorectal cancer was analysed using data from a case-control study of 673 cases of colon cancer, 405 of rectal cancer and 1501 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-digestive tract conditions, unrelated to known or suspected risk factor for large bowel cancer. Significantly elevated risks (RR) were observed for history of cholelithiasis (RR = 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1] for colon; 1.6 [1.2-6.4] for rectum) and diabetes (1.6 [1.1-2.3] for colon; 1.3 [0.8-2.0] for rectum), and a significant protection emerged for history of drug allergy (0.6 [0.4-0.9] for colon; 0.6 [0.5-1.0] for rectum). No significant association was found with thyroid disease, gastroduodenal ulcer, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastrectomy, appendicectomy, treatment with cimetidine/ranitidine, treatment with chenodesoxycholic acid or with blood transfusions. The associations with cholelithiasis, diabetes and drug allergy were not materially modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors, and were not restricted to the diseases diagnosed within 5 or 10 years before large bowel cancer diagnosis. Thus, the analysis of this large dataset offered further quantitative evidence suggesting a possible, however moderate, association between gallbladder disease and colorectal cancer risk, which may be related to enhanced or continuous secretion of secondary bile acids. The associations with diabetes and drug allergy were unexpected, and probably indirect, lacking previous epidemiological support or any obvious biological interpretation. Thus, they should be simply regarded as working hypotheses worthy of further consideration.
 ...
PMID:History of selected diseases and the risk of colorectal cancer. 182 66

A 1-page check-off form that can be used to evaluate a woman's risk factors for oral contraceptives, IUD or diaphragm and spermicide, and provide a permanent health record of the evaluation, has been revised to reflect lower-dose pills and new information. Each risk factor is assigned points in columns under each contraceptive method, so that a score of 10 suggests that a contraindication may exist against that method. Some of the changes for orals are lower scores for age 40, unless other risk factors co-exist, especially smoking. Liver disease, hepatitis and gall bladder disease were eliminated, but liver tumors, endometrial cancer and cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy were each given 10 points. Scores were altered slightly for chloasma, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension and diabetes. Scores for the diaphragm were lowered for pelvic relaxation risk but 5 points were introduced for history of urinary tract infection. For IUDs, multiple sexual partners and abnormal bleeding are added as risks.
 ...
PMID:Family-planning risk-scoring system: updated. 201 9

Risk factors for cholelithiasis were investigated in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy on 195 incident cases of gallstone disease requiring surgery (119 females, 76 males) and 1122 controls in hospital for acute, non-digestive tract, non-neoplastic conditions. There was no consistent association with socio-demographic indicators, such as marital status, education and social class nor with smoking and coffee consumption. The relative risk of cholelithiasis decreased with increasing alcohol consumption: compared with non-drinkers, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.8 for one to three drinks per day and 0.5 for over three. A direct association was observed with measures of body weight: relative to leaner individuals, the multivariate ORs were 1.2, 2.1 and 2.4 for subsequent levels of body mass. These trends in risk were statistically significant, consistent in the two sexes, and not apparently modified by adjustment for major identified potential confounding factors. History of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were reported more frequently by cases, but it is difficult to assess the role of recall bias on these risk factors. No association was found with diabetes, thyroid disease and several digestive tract disorders. For females, no consistent pattern of risk was observed up to four births, but women with five or more births had an OR of 2.9 (95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.1-7.3). The risk decreased with increasing age at first and last birth, both trends being statistically significant. Overweight and alcohol consumption were the most important risk and protective factors respectively for cholelithiasis requiring surgical intervention in this population.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for gallstone disease requiring surgery. 206 22

Insulin- and anti-immunoglobulin-antibodies have been recently reported in pre-diabetic subjects: the former has been proposed as a predictive marker of Type I diabetes in non-diabetic-subjects. To evaluate the diabetes-related specificity of these antibodies, the presence of insulin autoantibodies, using a recently developed and highly sensitive competitive radioimmune assay, and of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies together with that of immune complexes and of other autoantibodies has been investigated in patients with organ- or non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases. One hundred and eleven serum samples were assayed from patients with Graves' disease, primary hypothyroidism, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, Addison's disease, chronic autoimmune hepatitis, pernicious anemia, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, together with 45 serum samples from normal subjects. From patients with autoimmune diseases, 32.4% of all sera revealed values of insulin autoantibodies above the limit of positivity (p less than 0.001); anti-immunoglobulin antibodies were present in 4.1% of patients (NS); immune complexes were found in 19.5% (NS) of all patients, but in 38% of patients with Graves' disease and chronic hepatitis (p less than 0.02). There was a trend for multiple autoantibody positivity to be associated with high levels of insulin autoantibodies (p less than 0.05). Thus, whereas contrary to expectation anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are not associated with non-diabetes-related autoimmune diseases, increased humoral immunoresponsiveness to endogenous insulin appears to be related to autoimmunity in general rather than restricted to Type I diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Autoantibodies to insulin do appear in non-diabetic patients with autoimmune disorders: comparison with anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and other autoimmune phenomena. 218 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>