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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of health screening among the general population has been well-documented, with testing for hypertension, diabetes, and glaucoma now commonplace. It was the purpose of our study to determine the efficacy of a screening program for peripheral vascular disease and carotid artery disease using the noninvasive laboratory diagnostic tools. In the screening for peripheral disease, there were 496 participants with a mean age of 35 (range 17 to 63) years. All participants had an ankle:brachial index (ABI) of 0.95 or greater except one (0.47). Risk factors included smoking (350), history of cardiac disease (19), family history of vascular disease (204), and pain in the legs on walking (39). The risk factors could not be correlated with any objective vascular findings (abnormal ABIs). A Doppler ultrasound device, including an inflatable ankle cuff, was used to measure the ABI of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial vessels. Testing was performed on a volunteer basis after the participant completed a check-off sheet of risk factors. In screening for carotid artery disease 1338 women, whose average age was 31 years, had an less than 1% incidence of cardiac disease, and 803 men, whose average age was 40 years, had a 4% incidence. Less than 1% of the group had diabetes mellitus. All patients were asymptomatic referable to the extra-cranial vascular system. Two men of the 2141 persons tested had a lesion meriting further evaluation. The role of Health Fairs may be more effective as an educational resource than a diagnostic interventional tool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Is screening for vascular disease a valuable proposition? 328 41

The implantation of an artificial lens into the retropupillary space, be it the sulcus ciliaris or the capsular bag, has proved to be a safe procedure in the vast majority of cases. However, posterior chamber lens implantation invariable provokes some intraocular inflammatory reaction, though in general only a clinically insignificant one. Occasionally, serious reactions may occur, such as fibrinous exsudates, "toxic lens syndrome", UGH syndrome, and the "intermittent white-out" syndrome. Lens-induced, IOL-induced, or even microbe-induced uveitis or endophthalmitis have also been seen. The clinical pictures of such complications are described. Prophylaxis and appropriate therapeutic measures are outlined. With regard to postoperative inflammatory reactions whose etiology is unclear, the potential role of the following factors is discussed: lens material, lens manufacturing technology, sterilization, and sulcus fixation vs. capsule fixation. Presently, there is no evidence of any obvious relationship between these factors and major inflammatory responses. However, patients suffering from glaucoma, diabetes, or uveitis seem to be more prone to significant postoperative reactions than others. Generally, in cases of unusual intraocular inflammation following posterior chamber lens implantation, the various clinical pictures described here should be taken into consideration. The possibility of a slowly developing microbe-induced endophthalmitis should not be overlooked.
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PMID:[Intraocular inflammatory reactions following implantation of a retropupillary lens]. 330 12

The authors report on three patients with glaucoma and diabetes mellitus, each of whom underwent a unilateral filtering procedure. In all cases a progressive diabetic retinopathy was observed in the treated eye within one to three years. The relative hypotension is considered as a possible cause of the progressive retinopathy.
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PMID:[Unilateral progressive diabetic retinopathy following a filtering glaucoma operation]. 335 86

The usual high-contrast visual acuity chart is well known as the best indicator of central visual function. It has the limitation of only testing the high frequency, high-contrast sensitive cells in the visual system. Some conditions demonstrate a normal response on the standard visual acuity test, but abnormal results when testing visual fields or contrast-sensitivity function (CSF). A variety of diseases fall into this category (multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitis, glaucoma, CNS tumors in the visual system, etc). The testing of CSF permits us not only to vary the size of the target (spatial frequency), but also to determine the contrast of the target first visible to the patient. Due to the time necessary to conduct the test and the important challenge of obtaining consistent subjective responses, contrast-sensitivity testing in children has been difficult. Recently, Regan has developed low-contrast visual acuity cards similar in format to those used in the Sheridan Gardiner test. Although they do not require literacy, correct responses can be immediately verified and the test can be carried out within a short period of time. These cards allow testing well within the child's limited attention span. In the future it may be possible to use this method of testing to detect CSF defects in amblyopia similar to those previously reported by Hess and others and to see how these defects are affected by standard treatment.
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PMID:Low-contrast visual acuity cards in pediatric ophthalmology. 336 Mar 45

25 diabetic patients have been studied in order to investigate the possible effects of the disease on the central nervous system by means of pattern shift visual evoked potentials. Patients with diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataract were excluded from the study. Results obtained from a control group of 30 normal subjects were compared to those of the patient group in which sural nerve conduction velocities have also been determined to see whether there is a correlation between peripheral and central involvement of the nervous system. In diabetic patients latency prolongation in the P100 and N140 components were observed. The N90-N140 interpeak latency was also prolonged. In addition, in patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus the incidence of VEP abnormalities was found to be high. Pathologic changes in VEP latencies did not show any correlation with sural nerve conduction abnormalities.
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PMID:Visual evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus. 337 48

The composition of the clientele from an ophthalmological practitioner's office is described with special reference to the occurrence of glaucoma and disc haemorrhages (h in singular; hh in plural). This study could not be planned as an epidemiological survey and gives no clue to sensitivity or specificity of hh in glaucoma. During a period of about 10 years ending with 1986 there were 731 patients with h and/or glaucoma. When detected, 185 patients had h but no glaucoma, 33 had both h and glaucoma and 513 had glaucoma but no h. During the follow-up period hh were detected in 83 cases of glaucoma, and glaucoma developed in 27 cases with hh. The detection rate of hh among glaucoma was low but steady, indicating that hh may occur at any stage of the glaucoma process. This study shows no predilection for hh in cases with general hypertension or diabetes, nor is the frequency of hh among pseudoexfoliation cases significantly lower than among cases without this stigma.
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PMID:Disc haemorrhages and glaucoma in a general ophthalmic practice. 338 91

Ninety-four individuals with well-documented glaucomatous visual field loss were matched by age, race, and sex to 94 controls. Both groups completed a detailed interview about past and current ocular and systemic diseases. We also ascertained medication, alcohol, and cigarette use. Blood pressure measurements were taken at the time of the interview. Diabetes showed the closest association with glaucoma [odds ratio, 2.80 (1.01,7.77]). A history of hypertension and/or medication use was not associated with glaucoma, but elevated diastolic blood pressure showed some association [odds ratio, 2.40 (0.85,6.81]). Separate analyses for whites and blacks showed diabetes to be a risk factor for both groups. Diastolic blood pressure and alcohol use appeared to be more strongly associated with glaucoma among whites, but these results should be cautiously interpreted because of the small numbers available for subgroup analysis.
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PMID:Risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma. 339 91

In a previous paper we reported an elevated incidence of systemic illnesses in a population of 846 cataract patients. The charts were reviewed to determine the prevalence of systemic illnesses and of drug allergy. Elevated rates of hypertension (46.0%), diabetes mellitus (15.8%), glaucoma (11.0%) and drug allergy (30.6%) were found. Recommendations are made for preoperative assessment of cataract patients.
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PMID:Systemic illnesses in cataract patients: 2. Prevalence. 359 6

A prospective study of the risk factors in extracapsular surgery was carried out between October 1984 and April 1986. One thousand extracapsular cataract extractions were performed by seven physicians. Decreasing pupil size was the only statistically significant risk factor for vitreous loss (P = 0.0002). Zonular breaks occurred more commonly with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PX) (P less than 0.0001), with decreasing pupil size (P less than 0.0001), and with one surgeon who used the Simcoe aspirating needle (Storz) exclusively (P = 0.0001). It is acknowledged that it is very difficult to standardize what constitutes a small zonular break; hence, the increase in zonular breaks recorded by this surgeon may have been due only to his using less stringent criteria than the others. Capsule breaks had no significant risk factors at the 0.01 level. High myopia, advanced cataract, glaucoma, advanced age, and diabetes mellitus were not found to be risk factors for vitreous loss, zonular breaks, or capsular breaks.
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PMID:Risk factors for intraoperative complications in 1000 extracapsular cataract cases. 360 59

In a case-control study using an exploratory health questionnaire, we examined the relationship between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and a variety of personal characteristics and potential toxic exposures in patients in a general eye service. There were 83 patients with definite POAG, 121 POAG suspects, and 237 controls. Using multiple logistic regression analysis for simultaneous evaluation of potential risk factors, we found that black race (rate ratio = 6.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8 to 16.0) and untreated systolic hypertension (rate ratio = 5.8; 95% CI = 2.2 to 15) were the most important risk factors. Current cigarette smoking was also associated with glaucoma (rate ratio = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.3 to 6.6). Suggestive associations were found with family history of glaucoma, definite or borderline diabetes, and myopia. The effects of many of these personal characteristics and exposures as risk factors were also noted for the glaucoma suspect group, though not as strongly as for the definite glaucoma cases.
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PMID:A case-control study of risk factors in open angle glaucoma. 363 14


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