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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors analysed 1000 personal records of visually disabled persons of the 1st and 2d disability groups taking into consideration the causes which led to the loss of vision or its handicap. It was established that the most frequent cause of disability were: high myopia (26.7%), diseases of the retina and uvea (18.5%), senile cataract (16.3%), glaucoma (10.3%), optic nerve atrophy (8.8%), congenital anomalies (4.9%), corneal diseases (4.8%), diabetes (4.3%), injuries (3.3%) and retinal detachment (2.1%).
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PMID:[The most frequent causes of loss and impairment of vision]. 263 39

Presented are personal experiences concerning the application of artificial intraocular lenses in patients with diabetes and cataract. Operated were patients aged 50-76 years in whom implantation of an artificial lens of Alcon or Cilco was performed either to the anterior or posterior chamber. During the qualification for surgery eliminated were patients with proliferating retinopathy, with rubeosis iridis (with or without secondary glaucoma) and with juvenile diabetes. In 16 patients the obtained visual acuity was 0.8-1.0, in one female patient 0.5; in the remaining 2 persons the visual acuity amounted 0.2 and 0.3. These patients exhibited a simple exudative retinopathy with a macular oedema and after surgery they were subjected to a laser therapy. Observation of our material showed that qualifying diabetic patients for cataract extraction and taking into consideration the over mentioned contraindications one can obtain good results similar as in other patients with cataract.
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PMID:[Intraocular lenses in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 263 45

The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) has recently been introduced as a clinical procedure. It has been thought by many to represent activity of the retinal ganglion cells, although this is still a matter of contention. The exciting prospect of a selective test of ganglion cell function led to the application of the PERG in a variety of ophthalmological conditions. In the course of these investigations the PERG was found to be diminished in cases of maculopathy, optic atrophy, optic neuritis, toxic optic neuropathy, neurotransmitter disorders, glaucoma and ocular hypertension and in retinal vascular disorders such as diabetes. It was also affected in some cases of amblyopia. This paper briefly describes the techniques used to record the PERG and reviews current literature pertaining to its clinical application.
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PMID:A review of the clinical applications of the pattern electroretinogram. 269 80

The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be very high among West Indian blacks. To begin investigating the prevalence and risk factors for glaucoma and other eye diseases in Barbados, WI, a pilot study was conducted. The pilot project identified a stratified, random national sample of 300 persons over 35 years of age who were invited to participate in an ophthalmic examination and an interview. Of those contacted 89% were eligible and 95% of these agreed to participate. The overall glaucoma prevalence in the participants was 6%; it was 13% among black and mixed persons over 54 years. Age related cataract, hypertension, and diabetes were frequent findings. Although the sample size of the pilot project is small, the results suggest a high prevalence of glaucoma in Barbados, a finding that merits further study.
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PMID:A pilot project of glaucoma in Barbados. 273 Aug 59

The association between diabetes mellitus and primary glaucomas is evaluated. Diabetes is specifically associated with narrow-angle categories of primary glaucoma: closed-angle glaucoma and narrow-angle patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in wide-angle glaucoma patients is not significantly different from normal age-matched control subjects. The association between diabetes and glaucoma is restricted to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance; the prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the primary glaucomas is equivalent to age-matched normal values. These conclusions are supported by 75-gram oral glucose tolerance testing, estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin, retrospective analysis of positive diabetic family history, and prospective follow-up examining progression of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes mellitus in patients with primary glaucoma.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in primary glaucomas. 275 Dec 36

A variety of retinal disease lead to a decrease in the sensitivity of the S (blue) cone pathways. To determine the possible sites and mechanisms of this loss we compared the sensitivities of an S (blue/pi-1) and an M (green/pi-4) cone pathway in patients with retinal diseases that differ as to their primary locus of sensitivity loss. The sensitivities of an S and an M cone pathway were assessed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and open-angle glaucoma using Stiles two-color increment threshold technique. A greater loss in sensitivity of an S than an M cone pathway was found for all three disease groups; however, the diabetic patients showed a more selective loss. The results suggest that multiple sites are involved and that the combined effects of metabolic abnormalities and hypoxia contribute to the selective loss.
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PMID:S (blue) cone pathway vulnerability in retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes and glaucoma. 275 88

Individuals with cystic fibrosis have a 1% to 7% incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The occurrence of diabetic microangiopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis has been reported recently. From 1978 to 1987, 19 patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus were followed up. Four patients (21%) had evidence of diabetic microangiopathy. In one, peripheral neuropathy developed 5 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus, and the other 3 patients each had complications of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy which developed 10 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus. All were poorly compliant in their medical care. Significant morbidity was seen in the 3 patients with multisystem involvement--blindness, glaucoma, hypertension, and renal failure. The combination of long-standing diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control, plus pathophysiologic features associated with cystic fibrosis may have contributed to the development of microangiopathy. The use of steroids in 4 other patients and dextrose infusions (as part of hyperalimentation) in another 4 patients precipitated or exacerbated diabetes. The data indicate that diabetic microangiopathy can occur in the individual with cystic fibrosis. Routine screening for diabetes and its complications in the population with cystic fibrosis, as well as optimal control of hyperglycemia, is warranted.
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PMID:Diabetic microangiopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis. 278 Jan 26

A consanguinous couple had a healthy boy and 2 children, a girl and a boy, with distal renal tubular acidosis and sensory nerve deafness. In addition, the girl had congenital glaucoma and malformation of the iris; the boy developed Wilms tumor and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The possible significance of these associations is discussed.
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PMID:Aniridia/glaucoma and Wilms tumor in a sibship with renal tubular acidosis and sensory nerve deafness. 283 70

This discussion reviews drugs that affect the eye, including antihyperglycemic agents; corticosteroids; antirheumatic drugs (quinolines, indomethacin, and allopurinol); psychiatric drugs (phenothiazine, thioridazine, and chlorpromazine); drugs used in cardiology (practolol, amiodarone, and digitalis gylcosides); drugs implicated in optic neuritis and atrophy, drugs with an anticholinergic action; oral contraceptives (OCs); and topical drugs and systemic effects. Refractive changes, either myopic or hypermetropic, can occur as a result of hyperglycemia, and variation in vision is sometimes a presenting symptom in diabetes mellitus. If it causes a change in the refraction, treatment of hyperglycemia almost always produces a temporary hypermetropia. A return to the original refractive state often takes weeks, sometimes months. There is some evidence that patients adequately treated with insulin improve more rapidly than those taking oral medication. Such patients always should be referred for opthalmological evaluation as other factors might be responsible, but it might not be possible to order the appropriate spectacle correction for some time. The most important ocular side effect of the systemic adiministration of corticosteroids is the formation of a posterior subcapsular cataract. Glaucoma also can result from corticosteroids, most often when they are applied topically. Corticosteroids have been implicated in the production of benign intracranial hypertension, which is paradoxical because they also are used in its treatment. The most important side effect of drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is an almost always irreversible maculopathy with resultant loss of central vision. Corneal and retinal changes similar to those caused by the quinolines have been reported with indomethacin, but there is some question about a cause and effect relationship. The National Registry of Drug Induced Ocular Side Effects in the US published 30 case histories of cataract suspected to be induced by allopurinol; numerous additional cases have been reported to the registry since. Phenothiazine, with an estimated 3% incidence of side effects, appears to be safer than other antipsychotic drugs, but the rate of ocular effects increases with the duration of therapy. Thioridazine and chlorpromazine are known to cause lens deposits and pigmentary retinopathy. There is a significantly high prevalence of thrombophlebitis and pseudotumor cerebri among women who use OCs and thrombotic retinal vascular disease, such as retinal vein occulsion, might be linked with them. It also is probable that, because of altered hydration of the cornea, there is a decreased tolerance to contact lenses.
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PMID:Drugs affecting the eye. 286 12

The results of a case-control study of 300 cataract patients and 609 controls indicate that long-term use of aspirin-like analgesics halves the risk of cataract. Myopia and the use of nifedipine were found to carry a significant risk of cataract, and renal failure appeared to carry a high risk, though few patients were affected. The results also confirm diabetes, glaucoma, and use of steroids as risk factors for cataract.
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PMID:Do aspirin-like analgesics protect against cataract? A case-control study. 287 77


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