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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper is a unique pathological description of a bilateral, symmetric, anterior, temporal ischemic optic neuropathy with the morphological characteristics of cavernous optic atrophy initially described by Schnabel in glaucomatous eyes. The 80-year-old woman had suffered from cardiac insufficiency and diabetes mellitus for many years. She died from sepsis and circulatory collapse due to ischemic colitis, intestinal perforation, and peritonitis. There was widespread arteriosclerosis but no evidence of giant-cell arteritis. Cell loss was demonstrated in both retinas, the chiasm, and in the central lateral geniculate body. These represent a retrograde, descending and ascending optic atrophy, with transsynaptic degeneration in the LGB. A small craniopharyngioma was found by chance in the infundibulum. Neither clinically nor morphologically were there any signs of glaucoma.
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PMID:[Histopathology of the retina, optic fascicle and lateral geniculate body in chronic, bilateral symmetric ischemic Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy]. 224 78

In order to study effectiveness of surgical treatment in patients with glaucoma in association with atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus, remote observations (from 1 to 8 years) were carried out over 216 patients operated at different stages of the glaucomatous process: at the initial stage--104 eyes, at the advanced--87, and the far-advanced--53 eyes. Sinusotrabeculectomy in the author's modification was used: at first the external wall of the Schlemm's canal was removed, then the trabecula was destroyed by a blunt spatula, gradually letting out the chamber aqueous. The observations carried out have shown that surgical treatment of glaucoma in patients with atherosclerosis is more effective at the initial and advanced stages. In patients with glaucoma and diabetes mellitus, surgical treatment was most effective in persons with initial stage of glaucoma. It should be noted here that surgical treatment at initial stage of glaucoma allows to preserve high visual functions for a long period of time. Stabilization of the process in persons operated at the initial stage was achieved in 95-97% of cases. This gives grounds to recommend surgical treatment of glaucoma in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus at the initial stage of the glaucomatous process. The fall of intraocular pressure is mainly connected with improvement of the aqueous outflow.
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PMID:[The late results of the surgical treatment of glaucoma in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus]. 228 Sep 44

Neuroretinal rim area (NRA) may indicate the amount of viable optic nerve tissue. Changes in the NRA have been found to occur in people with glaucoma. We sought to determine whether there were effects of retinopathy and intraocular pressure (IOP) on NRA in eyes of people with diabetes. Measurements of optic discs and cups were taken from 35-mm stereoscopic slides taken with a Zeiss fundus camera. The photographs were taken during a population-based study. The difference between disc and cup area was taken to be the NRA. Median photographic NRA from 2085 right eyes was 10.5 mm2. In younger- and older-onset persons, NRA showed a tendency to increase with age and, inconsistently, with the severity of diabetic retinopathy; it decreased with increasing IOP in older-onset persons not taking insulin. The cohort was reevaluated 4 yr later. NRA increased in all groups. Measurements from photographs taken of a nondiabetic comparison group showed no change over the same interval. These data suggest that NRA may be affected by diabetes. This could be due to nerve swelling.
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PMID:Neuroretinal rim area in diabetes mellitus. 233 48

A population-based cohort of 1,598 urban residents, aged 65 years and over, was studied in 1975, and 645 survivors were re-interviewed in their places of residence in 1984. Since 25.6 percent of the subjects were Black, it was possible to examine race-related changes in health, function, and socioeconomic status over nine years, as well as differences in rates of institutionalization and mortality. Aging urban Blacks continue to experience major social disadvantages, especially in education and income. After age 74, although Blacks probably experience more favorable mortality rates and less institutionalization, they consider themselves less healthy and are more likely to develop diabetes, hypertension, and glaucoma. Although Blacks rate their own mental health lower, this difference is not supported by other measures. Functionally, elderly Whites are more likely to be dependent in certain activities of daily living. The findings are consistent with the previously observed mortality crossover; predictors of mortality are identified but do not differ by race. Lower institutionalization rates among older Blacks may be partly explained by different living patterns, poverty, and a higher proportion of males among surviving Blacks.
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PMID:Race-related differences among elderly urban residents: a cohort study, 1975-1984. 236 77

In a 65-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes there was an increase in the severity and frequency of hypoglycemic attacks during treatment with ophthalmic timolol maleate for glaucoma. When timolol was stopped hypoglycemic attacks ceased. While recurrent exacerbation of hypoglycemia and its symptoms in insulin-dependent diabetics is a relatively common side-effect of systemic beta-blockers, there are scarcely any reports attributing this phenomenon to topical ophthalmic beta-blockers. Topical as well as systemic beta-blocking agents must be used with great caution in diabetics receiving insulin.
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PMID:[Hypoglycemia due to ophthalmic timolol in a diabetic]. 238 66

Generalized peripheral iris transluminance was investigated in 212 eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) with or without coexisting glaucoma and in 100 control eyes by the use of a diascleral transilluminator tip. All eyes were blue or blue-gray. Abnormal transluminance was found in 45% of the PXS group and in 18% of the control group (P less than 0.001). The influence of age, PXS without glaucoma, capsular glaucoma, cataracts, and adult-onset diabetes on transluminance was analyzed. The effect of PXS with or without coexisting glaucoma was statistically significant (P less than 0.01) when other factors were adjusted using logistic regression analysis.
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PMID:Generalized peripheral iris transluminance in the pseudoexfoliation syndrome. 240 12

Although there have been few direct observations, the etiology of spontaneous hyphema in patients with retinal or ocular hypoxia is assumed to be hemorrhage from a neovascular iris vessel. This paper reports observed hemorrhage from such a rubeotic iris in a patient with central retinal vein occlusion, diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease and chronic open-angle glaucoma. Bleeding was spontaneous with dilation, but stopped within 24 hours without treatment, leaving only traces of inferior angle blood staining. The two types of central retinal vein occlusion, and suggestions for their management, are also discussed.
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PMID:Central retinal vein occlusion and iris neovascularization hemorrhage. 246 May 14

Fifteen patients with bilateral secondary glaucoma caused by rubeosis iridis in the course of diabetes were operated; one eye was subjected to a simple trabeculectomy, the fellow-eye to filtrating trabeculectomy by Nesterow's method; antiglaucomatous operations were preceded by a panretinal photocoagulation. After at least 3 years of observation the more stable reduction of the IOP was shown after filtering trabeculectomy.
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PMID:[Trabeculectomy preceded by retinal panphotocoagulation in the treatment of secondary glaucoma with rubeosis iridis]. 248 12

In order to determine whether ocular hypertension and glaucoma may be a complication of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus, 30 asymptomatic diabetic patient volunteers were studied. A correlation was sought between reduced anterior chamber depth which is thought to predispose to the development of glaucoma, and two markers of autonomic dysfunction, loss of sinus arrhythmia and reduced diameter of dark adapted pupils. A significant correlation was found between reduced chamber depth and pupil diameter arrhythmia (r = 0.36, p = 0.025) and between chamber depth and pupil diameter (r = 0.45, p = 0.006). As expected, there was also a significant correlation between sinus arrhythmia and pupil diameter (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001). The correlation between pupil diameter and sinus arrhythmia, and between pupil diameter and chamber depth was preserved after the data were adjusted for age (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.35, p = 0.03, respectively), while that between sinus arrhythmia and chamber depth was lost (r = 0.23, NS). No association was found between intraocular pressure and either marker of autonomic dysfunction, but intraocular pressure was not abnormal (less than 22 mmHg) in any individual case. These data suggest that autonomic denervation of the eye in diabetes may be associated with alteration of anterior chamber depth.
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PMID:Autonomic neuropathy and the pathogenesis of glaucoma in diabetes mellitus. 253 7

423 cataract patients and 608 controls between the ages of 50 and 79 were interviewed in a case-control study in Oxfordshire. Diabetes, myopia, glaucoma, peripheral neuropathy and severe diarrhoea were identified as risk factors. The excess risk experienced by females with diabetes was confirmed. The trauma of surgery for glaucoma may be largely responsible for the appearance of glaucoma as a risk factor. Severe diarrhoea has now been identified as a risk factor in England and in India. The risk associated with peripheral neuropathy may indicate a common aetiology at least for some proportions of the two conditions.
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PMID:Risk factors for cataract in Oxfordshire: diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, myopia, glaucoma and diarrhoea. 255 2


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