Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Long-term studies of megestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate in 100 female dogs are in progress. Doses of zero, one, 10 and 25 times the expected human dose of megestrol acetate and 25 times the expected human dose of chlormadinone acetate (on a milligram per kilogram body weight basis) are being given daily. During the first 4 years, eight dogs from each of the five groups were killed. The principal gross findings included enlarged uteri with mucoid material in the lumina, mammary development in dogs given middle and high doses of megestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate, and thickened gallbladder walls in dogs given high doses of each. Histologic evaluation showed inhibition of ovulation for progestogen-treated dogs and suppression of ovarian follicular development with the high doses. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia was slight in the low-dose dogs and moderate to severe in most of the high-dose dogs; a few also had ulcerative endometritis and pyometra. The mammary glands of dogs given the middle and high doses produced lobules, acini, and secretion exceeding natural metestrus. Slight to marked cystic mucinous hyperplasia occurred in the gallbladders of most dogs given the high doses. Tow high-dose megestrol dogs had clinical signs and microscopic pancreatic, renal, and ocular changes indicative of diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Progestogen-related gross and microscopic changes in female Beagles. 5 54

Serious infections in adults due to group B streptococci have been infrequently reported. We describe 24 such patients. Bacteremic pyelonephritis, pneumonitis and endometritis were the most common clinical syndromes observed. Group B streptococci infections tended to occur in patients with underlying illnesses, particularly genitourinary disorders and diabetes mellitus. Mortality was surprisingly low (8 per cent). Type III was the serotype most commonly isolated, and there was no significant correlation of different serotypes with specific organ-system involvement. Group B streptococcal isolates from these patients were uniformly sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and clindamycin; all were highly resistant to kanamycin. Eighty-seven per cent were resistant to tetracycline. Although consistently sensitive to penicillin, the minimal inhibitory concentrations were significantly higher for group B than group A streptococci (p less than 0.0005).
 ...
PMID:Serious infections in adults due to group B streptococci. Clinical and serotypic characterization. 78 13

Research and development in contraception has only limited interest in women over 35 years old, so we know little about safety, side effects, and effectiveness of contraceptives in this age group. In addition, clinical trials use healthy women which further limits our knowledge about contraceptives in women who have cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and liver conditions. Research does indicate, however, that women with high blood pressure should not take oral contraceptives (OCs) after the age of 35. It also shows that healthy and nonobese women over 35 who do not smoke and have no family history of cardiovascular disease before age 45 can take OCs with 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol. Practitioners should provide these women with balanced and up-to-date information on the link between OCs and breast cancer and their apparent protective effect against endometrial cancer. The pregnancy rate for 35-39 year old married women using the diaphragm for at least 5 months stands at 1.1/100 women years. Contrary to popular belief, barrier methods can be harmful, e.g., urinary tract infections are more frequent in women who use the diaphragm than in those who do not. Women older than 35 should consider the condom because of its ability to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV or sexually transmitted diseases. Considerable research exists on women over 35 who use copper releasing IUDs. These IUDs are safe in women who do not have heavy menstrual bleeding. The levonorgestrel releasing IUDs are well tolerated in women over 35 since they reduce the amount and duration of menstrual bleeding. Besides users of these IUDs are less likely to have pelvic inflammatory disease and endometritis than those using copper releasing IUDs. Older women in developing countries often undergo hysterectomy for contraceptive purposes and because of heavy bleeding. Tubal ligation is a significant family planning method for older women in developing countries.
 ...
PMID:Contraception after thirty-five. 131 37

125 hospitalized patients (56 men and 69 women) suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI) and 15 women with endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease were treated with ofloxacin 6 mg/kg/d i.v. divided into 2 doses. Two thirds of the patients were switched to oral ofloxacin using the same dose regimen after 4 days. The median duration of treatment was 10 days. 98 patients were evaluable for efficacy: 45 had complicated lower UTI, 32 had upper UTI (75% of them with complications), 13 had endometritis and 8 an uncomplicated lower UTI. The most frequent complications of UTI were: obstruction (n = 27), indwelling catheters (n = 23), urinary concrements (n = 12), residual urine (n = 8) and a neurogenic bladder (n = 6). 22 patients had diabetes mellitus. A total of 103 pathogens was isolated from the urine of 85 patients, the most frequent being E. coli, Proteus spp. and Enterococcus faecalis. 98% of patients with UTI and 85% of patients with endometritis were clinically cured. Adverse drug events were observed in 6 patients.
 ...
PMID:[Sequential parenteral and oral therapy with ofloxacin in urogenital infections]. 148 44

Shoulder entrapment during delivery is a true obstetric emergency that can result in significant maternal and infant trauma. Fetal macrosomia, maternal obesity, maternal diabetes and prolonged second stage of labor are associated risk factors. Infant complications of shoulder dystocia include traumatic brachial plexus injury, humeral fracture, clavicular fracture and severe birth asphyxia. With fetal shoulder entrapment, the mother may have significant hemorrhage, fourth-degree perineal lacerations and endometritis. Maneuvers to release the shoulder include closed-fist suprapubic pressure, downward pressure on the posterior shoulder, rotation of the anterior shoulder to the oblique position, rotation of the posterior shoulder beneath the pubic symphysis, release of the posterior arm and anterior rotation of the fetal body.
 ...
PMID:Shoulder dystocia. 200 18

To determine if diabetic women have an increased risk for post-cesarean section endometritis and/or wound infection, all insulin-requiring diabetic women who were delivered by cesarean section between 1977 and 1981 were compared with a group of nondiabetic patients delivered by cesarean section. Patients were divided into low-risk or high-risk groups on the basis of labor and ruptured membranes. Compared with control subjects, diabetic patients were at significantly greater risk for postoperative infectious morbidity. Among diabetic patients, risk for postoperative infections was independent of White's classification of diabetes and gestational age at delivery. The increased rate of infection among the diabetic patients suggests that prophylactic antibiotics might be efficacious for insulin-requiring diabetic patients undergoing cesarean section.
 ...
PMID:Increased risk of endometritis and wound infection after cesarean section in insulin-dependent diabetic women. 374 Jan 45

In addition to a tabular presentation summarizing the published literature pertaining to puerperal laparoscopic sterilization, a study of 168 such procedures, performed at 3 hospitals, is presented. During the same period, 148 open tubal ligations were performed: 64 Pomeroy, 24 Irving, and 60 Irving with appendectomy. All sterilizations were performed within 72 hours of delivery. The average operating time was 21 minutes for laparoscopic sterilization (range, 7-50 minutes). An average of 25 minutes was found for the open tubal ligation series, and an average of 37 minutes was required when appendectomy accompanied the tubal ligation procedure. The average postoperative stay was 2.4 days for the laparoscopic procedure vs. 3.1 days for all open tubal ligations, 4.7 days for open tubal ligations plus appendectomy, and 2.8 days for mini-laparotomies. Operative and early postoperative complications occurred during the laparoscopic series in 6 patients (3.6%). These complications were attributed to technical pneumoperitoneum establishment difficulties, broad ligament bleeding, postpartum salpingitis, and postpartum endometritis. The puerperal laparoscopic sterilization procedure compares favorably with the other open tubal ligation and mini-laparotomy procedures; however, it is cautioned that the postpartum (within 72 hours) procedure has greater technical difficulties compared with interval methods, and only highly trained professionals with abundant experience should attempt puerperal procedures. Though too early to make definitive statements, it seems from this and other published studies that the risk and morbidity of puerperium laparoscopic sterilization are no greater than with any other puerperal procedure for sterilization. It is indicated for women with preexisting systemic diseases such as diabetes, epilepsy, and hypertension or for women with previous history of abdominal surgery.
 ...
PMID:Puerperal laparoscopic sterilization. 644 60

A set of new guidelines were formulated by an expert group meeting in Sweden organized by the pharmaceutical office during March 31-April 1, 1993. It contains various methods to avoid an undesired pregnancy and also advice about postcoital contraception. Among barrier methods, the condom is the only reversible method for men with a method failure of 2 and user failure of 10. It protects against gonorrhea, chlamydia, condyloma, herpes simplex, HIV, and hepatitis B. The diaphragm can be used with a spermicide and protects to a lesser degree against chlamydia, gonorrhea, and cervical cancer. The female condom is as effective as the condom. Among spermicides, nonoxynol-9 is not only effective against sperms but also against bacteria, viruses, and certain vaginal and cervical cells. The vaginal sponge is impregnated with nonoxynol-9 and is effective up to 24 hours. The copper IUD, with a method failure of less than 1, can cause profuse menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and endometritis-salpingitis. Hormonal methods include combination pills (2-phase and 3-phase pills) and gestagen methods (high dose with 150 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate injection every 3 months and low-dose minipills with levonorgestrel, norethisterone, or lynestrol). Mechanisms of action concern combination pills, gestagen methods, minipills, Norplant, and Levonova. Drug cross reaction can reduce effectiveness. Side effects include bleeding and amenorrhea. Risk-benefit determination is based on health effects. Possible risks are associated with breast cancer, cervical cancer, blood pressure increase, venous thromboembolism, and heart infarction. Various phases of the reproductive age include young women, lactating women, and women in the later part of the reproductive age. Special groups include those who have experienced ectopic pregnancy, infections (candida, sexually transmitted diseases: chlamydia trachomatis, HIV infections), obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, tumors of the reproductive organs, liver diseases, migraine, epilepsy, surgery, and handicapped women. Postcoital contraception is used only in need, and methods for postcoital contraception include hormonal method and the copper IUD.
 ...
PMID:[Contraception. Recommendations from a group of experts]. 790 65

This study examined the effects of massive maternal obesity on medical complications, mode of delivery, postpartum complications, and hospital confinement. In this retrospective case control study, women weighing > 300 pounds delivering from January 1, 1986, to November 1, 1991, were matched for age, race, parity, and height with lean parturient women (mean weight 160 +/- 21 pounds). Among massively obese women there was a greater incidence of chronic hypertension (p < 0.05) and diabetes (p < 0.05) than in the control group. Primary cesarean section was more frequent (p < 0.05), as was the postoperative complication of endometritis when obese patients were compared with lean women (p < 0.05). Cephalopelvic disproportion was the only indication for primary cesarean section, which occurred with greater frequency in the obese group. The postpartum hospital confinement was also significantly longer in the obese study group (p < 0.05). The gestation of a massively obese parturient woman is more frequently complicated by chronic hypertension and diabetes. Abdominal delivery for cephalopelvic disproportion is more likely, and this mode of birth is more often followed by endometritis, which results in longer hospital stays.
 ...
PMID:Obstetric challenges of massive obesity complicating pregnancy. 816 71

Bacterial cystitis is a problem often found among patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Insulin management can be impaired by this condition. Diagnosis and therapy of a urinary tract infection are very important in regarding the possibility of bacteria ascending to the kidneys because in a great amount of diabetic patients the kidneys are already damaged by diabetic glomerular nephropathy. Compared to other patients of our clinic the frequency of cystitis among diabetic dogs (n = 158, cystitis diagnosed in 12.7%) and cats (n = 71, cystitis diagnosed in 9.9%) was already considerably higher when diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in these animals. In this retrospective study female animals were far more affected than males. The diagnosis of cystitis among cats and dogs was most frequent when patients had already been suffering from polydipsia and polyuria for more than four weeks. A division among the dogs depending on the etiology of diabetes mellitus led to the following result: especially patients suffering from Cushing's disease and bitches with progesterone-STH-induced diabetes mellitus--particularly when endometritis or pyometra was found--were running the highest risk of developing urinary infections. The bacterium most frequently isolated in the urine samples was E. coli.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of bacterial cystitis in diabetic dogs and cats at the time of diagnosis. Retrospective study for the period 1990-1996]. 953 71


1 2 3 Next >>