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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sympathetic nervous system is of major importance for the regulation of several physiological functions. Drugs which inhibit the actions of catecholamines and adrenergic drugs are used in the treatment of many clinical disorders. The potential role of catecholamines in a number of human diseases has, however, until recent years been studied to a limited extent only due to lack of methods for quantitation of sympathetic nervous activity. After the development of enzymatic isotope-derivative assays, reliable measurements of noradrenaline and adrenaline in plasma became available. Studies in man have shown that plasma noradrenaline is an index of sympathetic nervous activity. The present survey deals with sympathetic nervous activity and plasma adrenaline in a number of clinical disorders viz. arterial hypertension, duodenal ulcer, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus and ketotic hypoglycemia.
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PMID:The role of catecholamines in clinical medicine. 10 29

Five men and three women with active acromegaly were treated with bromocriptine. After three months' therapy (30 mg/day) mean GH during the day decreased by 50% in six out of eight subjects. In the remaining two subjects (non-responders) GH was persistently over 100 micrograms/l. Mean GH during glucose tolerance test were not significantly decreased in three out of the eight subjects, of whom two were the nonresponders. The minimum dose of bromocriptine required to achieve maximum GH suppression ranged from 7.5 to 20 mg/day. In contrast, serum prolactin (PRL) throughout the day suppressed significantly in all subjects after 5 mg/day bromocriptine. Decreases in clinical symptoms, hand volume, urinary hydroxyproline and calcium excretion were seen in about half of the subjects. Three of the four subjects with diabetes mellitus showed improvement in glucose tolerance. Although minor side effects were uncommon, one patient died because of massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:Treatment of acromegaly with bromocriptine. 28 87

Extensive evaluation of a small series of potential renal donors has revealed an alarming rate of previously unsuspected disease precluding acceptability for renal donation. Of 19 patients considered for donation at the Medical University of South Carolina, 15 were unsuitable for medical reasons (diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, sickle cell trait, hypertension, polycystic kidneys, duodenal ulcer, pulmonary disease), psychologic reasons, or changes on renal arteriography consistent with nephrosclerosis. The importance of a thorough donor evaluation including total patient awareness of the risks involved for both himself and the recipient and extensive psychologic testing is stressed. Even with strict criteria for renal donation, this high rejection rate is surprising.
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PMID:Frustrations in renal donation. 36 Apr 3

Proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage is the operation of choice for uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. There are few contraindications for PGV as uremia, diabetes, hypertension, age over 65 years and a history of splenectomy. Only in cases of severe pyloric stenosis or bleeding ulcer or perforation in the pyloric area, a pyloroplasty should be added. The Wangensteen pyloroplasty is a safe drainage procedure and especially recommended in case of extensive scarring of the pylorus.
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PMID:[Proximal selective vagotomy with or without pyloroplasty?]. 42 62

Secretin releasing response to intraduodenal acid infusion was investigated in 15 cases of diseased control, 7 cases of duodenal ulcer, 5 cases of chronic pancreatitis, and 6 cases of diabetes mellitus. Plasma secretin levels in response to duodenal acidification were less in duodenal ulcer and the appearance of the maximal peak was delayed compared with that found in control. It is suggested that the secretin release was impaired in duodenal ulcer in spite of hypersecretion of gastric acids. In chronic pancreatitis, secretin releasing response to acidification was markedly impaired, in addition, inhibition of secretin release by bicarbonate was diminished due to a lack of bicarbonate flow from the pancreas. On the other hand, although the response of secretin release in diabetes mellitus was also lower compared with that in control group, the capacity of secretin response showed values in-between control subjects and chronic pancreatitis. This research was supported in part by grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture in Japan.
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PMID:Secretin secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer, chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus. 64 3

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released from the duodenum and jejunum following the ingestion of glucose, fat and amino acids. This hormone potentiates the glucose-induced insulin release from the beta-cells of the pancreas. The role of GIP as "incretin" is discussed. The method of the radioimmunoassay for the determination of GIP in serum samples is described. The lower limit of sensitivity of the GIP radioimmunoassay is in the range of 30-50 pg per ml serum. The described radioimmunoassay is sensitive enough to determine fasting levels of GIP in normal subjects (287 +/- 59 pg/ml). The clinical and pathophysiological importance of GIP is discussed by means of various diseases (obesity, maturity-onset diabetes mellitus, duodenal ulcer disease).
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PMID:[Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) (author's transl]. 65 87

In 394 consecutive autopies, tissue from the body of the pancreas showed chronic inflammation in 52 cases (13%); 32 were mild, 11 moderate and 9 severe. Only two of these cases had the clinical diagnosis chronic pancreatitis. The incidence of inspissated plugs of protein in the ducts, dilated ducts and acinar ectasia was significantly higher when chronic inflammation was present. There was a significant higher incidence of chronic inflammation in the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus. No significant correlation was noted between chronic inflammation in the pancreas and cholelithiasis, previous cholecystectomy, peritonitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, abdominal operations, ascites and liver metastases.
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PMID:The incidence and clinical relevance of chronic inflammation in the pancreas in autopsy material. 71 98

Gastric Vagotomies were performed on fifty four patients suffering from bleeding Duodenal Ulcers. Forty-three cases were operated on following a spontaneous cease in hemorrhaging, and necessary examinations. The remaining eleven patients were opereted on immediately as conservative measures would not be able to stop the bleeding. The procedure used following the admittance of a patient with a bleeding ulcer to the hospital was discussed. A detailed explanation of the technical procedure used in handing the bleeding duodenal ulcer was also presented. The authors believe that a Duodenotomy performed without cutting the pylorus has its advantages inasmuch as hemostasis has been successfully accomplished. All the cases had good clinical results, however, bleeding did recur in a few instances. There were no recidive ocurrences. Ever though many patients were chronically ill ie; Diabetes Mellitus, Myocardiopathia, secondary anemia, exitus lethalis did not occur. P.V.G. in the treatment of bleeding ulcers has a definte advantage over the other radical procedures.
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PMID:[Our experiences in the treatment of bleeding duodenal ulcer by means of proximal gastric vagotomy]. 78 20

The insulin response to oral glucose ingestion was measured in six patients with the Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome, five patients with partial gastrectomy (antrectomy for duodenal ulcer) and six matched normal subjects. The blood glucose curves were similar in ZE-patients and gastrectomized controls and significantly above the glucose concentrations in normal controls. The insulin response was three-doubled in ZE-patients, whereas gastrectomized controls only doubled their response in comparison with the normal subjects. Treatment of a hepatic gastrinoma by streptozotocin infusion into the hepatic artery in a patient with diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinism almost normalized his glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. The results demonstrate that the ZE-syndrome is associated with increased insulin release. We suggest that the hyperinsulinism partly is a consequence of previous gastric surgery and partly due to the insulinogenic effect of gastrin.
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PMID:Insulin secretion in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 106 42

The concept of the excessive consumption of carbohydrates as a cause of many diseases of civilisation has previously been proposed under the name of the 'saccharine disease'. A review of the hospital morbidity figures for these diseases in a divisional hospital in the Fiji Islands is presented. The hospital serves a population comprised of Indians and Fijians, suggesting comparison with the province of Natal, South Africa. Indians have a higher incidence of diabetes melitus, myocardial infarction, duodenal ulcer, acute appendicitis, gallstones, renal stones and eclampsia. Their diets differ mainly in the higher consumption of refined fibre-depleted carbohydrates, and it is suggested that the association is compatible with the concept of the "saccharine disease".
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PMID:Hospital morbidity in the Fiji islands with special reference to the saccharine disease. 117 98


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