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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nested case-control study using stored serum samples collected as part of a prospective study of the outcome of pregnancy was performed to investigate concentrations of (dimeric) inhibin-A in maternal serum between 15 and 22 weeks of pregnancy in 126 pregnancies among 92 women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Each IDDM pregnancy was matched with two control singleton pregnancies for gestational age (same completed week) and duration of sample storage (same calendar quarter). The median inhibin-A level in the IDDM pregnancies was 0.88 multiples of the median (MOM) for pregnancies without IDDM at the same gestational age (P = 0.05) (95 per cent confidence interval 0.78-1.00) or 0.91 MOM after adjustment for maternal weight. These results enable inhibin-A values to be adjusted so that prenatal screening for Down's syndrome can be performed using this marker in IDDM pregnancies as well as in non-diabetic pregnancies.
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PMID:Maternal serum inhibin-A in pregnancies with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: implications for screening for Down's syndrome. 893 61

From around 91,000 women having routine prenatal screening for Down's syndrome and neural tube defects between July 1992 and October 1995, 261 women were identified as having insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels were reduced in these women, with median levels of 0.89 and 0.91 multiples of the median (MOM), respectively. The IDDM patients had a median weight which was 6 kg heavier than that of non-IDDM women. After correction for maternal weight, the AFP and hCG levels in the IDDM patients were 0.98 and 0.92 MOM, respectively. In routine practice, using results which were not weight-corrected, the IDDM women were neither over- nor under-represented in the high-risk group for Down's syndrome, but showed a tendency to be under-represented in the high-risk group for neural tube defects.
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PMID:Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and prenatal screening results: current experience from a regional screening programme. 895 38

Congenital heart disease is an important cause of infant mortality and disability. The frequency, spectrum and contributory risk factors for significant cardiovascular malformations among live-births was retrospectively evaluated at the Aga Khan University Hospital. Of a total of 8331 live births between July, 1987 and December, 1992 34 babies were diagnosed to have congenital heart disease in the neonatal period giving a prevalence of 4 per 1000 live births. Ventricular septal defects was the most common (n = 10, 29%) abnormality. Eight cases had associated chromosomal abnormality, the most common being Trisomy 21. Maternal abortions, still-births, consanguinity and diabetes mellitus were not found to be significant risk factors for congenital heart disease in this survey.
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PMID:Profile and risk factors for congenital heart disease. 913 58

Clinical and experimental studies have delineated a link between dietary cow milk protein and the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was proposed as one candidate mediator of this effect. The demonstration of anti-BSA antibodies in new onset type 1-diabetic children from Finland initiated a controversial debate on the utility of BSA antibodies as a disease marker and on the role of BSA in IDDM. Here we analyzed BSA antibodies in newly diagnosed type 1-diabetic patients and their first degree relatives, patients with other autoimmune diseases, and children with Down's syndrome from Germany. Blinded serum samples (n = 308) were screened for IgG anti-BSA antibodies by particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay (PCFIA). The prevalence of elevated BSA antibodies in newly diagnosed type 1-diabetic patients was low (11%), although mean BSA antibody levels were significantly increased in diabetic patients as compared to controls (1.94 +/- 1.51 vs. 0.97 +/- 0.93 kFU, p < 0.0007). Mean BSA antibody levels were also increased in ICA+ and/or IAA+ first degree relatives (1.32 +/- 0.43, p < 0.002) and in children with Down's syndrome (3.01 +/- 1.93, p < 0.0007), but not in the other autoimmune disorders tested. The low prevalence of elevated anti-BSA levels in IDDM patients limits the clinical usefulness of this immune marker. We conclude that current anti-BSA assays do not substantially contribute to the prediction and diagnosis of IDDM.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1997
PMID:Antibodies to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune disorders. 913 37

The incidence of Down's syndrome was studied in 1870 infants of diabetic mothers out of 22,300 neonates born between January 1987 and April 1994 in our institution. All pregnancies were screened for diabetes and all cases of Down's syndrome were confirmed by chromosome analysis. Down's syndrome (all trisomy 21) was diagnosed in 35 infants: seven were born to mothers with gestational diabetes and 28 to non-diabetic mothers. The incidence of Down's syndrome was higher in infants of diabetic mothers (3.75 per 1000 v 1.36 per 1000) (p = 0.02) with a relative risk of 2.75. No significant difference was found in maternal age between both groups (p = 0.67) and the rate of Down's syndrome was higher in infants of diabetic mothers when compared with infants of non-diabetic mothers of similar age. Down's syndrome should be added to the congenital malformations already known to occur more frequently in infants of diabetic mothers.
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PMID:High incidence of Down's syndrome in infants of diabetic mothers. 979 13

Our objective was to determine the effect of the 20% upward adjustment of maternal serum alphafetoprotein (MSAFP) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on the number of patients that would be classified at increased risk for pregnancy complicated by either Down syndrome (DS) or neural tube defect (NTD). We retrospectively evaluated a database containing 63,110 patients who underwent multiple serum marker screening between 14 and 22 weeks gestation; 620 patients with IDDM had measurements of MSAFP of which 479 also had measurements of beta-HCG, allowing calculation of DS risk. Increased NTD risk was defined as MSAFP >2.5 MOM while increased DS risk was defined as a calculated risk > or =1/270. One IDDM patient delivered an infant with a NTD; it was not detected on serum screening. No infants were born with DS. Of the 620 patients with MSAFP determinations, 9 had values >2.5 MOM before adjustment. After upward adjustment, 7 additional patients were identified. Sixteen patients were identified at increased risk for DS before and after adjustment. Our data suggest that the 20% upward adjustment of MSAFP increases by 78%, the number of patients who would require further evaluation for NTD's. Although we were able to identify 620 women with IDDM who underwent serum screening for NTD, the low prevalence of NTD's did not allow us to demonstrate an increased detection rate. The effect of upward adjustment of MSAFP on the number of patients categorized at increased DS risk appears to be minimal.
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PMID:Effect of adjustment of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 945 Aug 80

The care of children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions is an area of great interest for primary care physicians. With longer lives and more "mainstreaming" of care, the primary care physician often finds an increased role in the management of children and adolescents with chronic conditions such as mental retardation, Down syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. This article discusses familiarity with the most common chronic conditions and common pitfalls of management.
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PMID:Management of chronic medical conditions in children and adolescents. 946 27

Type 1 insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) is thought to be more prevalent in individuals with Down's syndrome. To ascertain the local prevalence of Type 1 DM in patients with Down's syndrome in a geographically defined area, the four diabetes clinics in Lothian were surveyed and 13 patients with Down's syndrome and Type 1 DM were identified. Using data from previous epidemiological surveys which determined the prevalence of Down's syndrome in the general population, the prevalence rate of Type 1 DM in patients with Down's syndrome was calculated to be between 1.4 and 10.6%, a prevalence considerably higher than in the general population. Although 7 (54%) of the Down's syndrome patients were treated with once daily administration of insulin, the mean HbA1c value of the group was similar to that observed in a control group of 39 age-, sex- and duration-matched Type 1 patients, all of whom were taking two or more injections of insulin daily. Glycaemic control was therefore of similar quality to matched Type 1 patients without Down's syndrome, despite the frequent use of simple insulin regimens, which may relate to the more stable lifestyle of these patients.
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PMID:Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Down's syndrome: prevalence, management and diabetic complications. 950 19

Many efforts have been made to trace the causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are, however, many points of controversy among reports from the same country as well as among reports from different countries. The current study is a case-control study to determine the risk factors in the development of AD in Greece. Sixty-five patients with AD and 69 age-matched controls were examined. All patients with AD fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for AD and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD. Demographic characteristics such as gender, current marital status, who he/she is living with, education, main place of residence in childhood, adulthood, and late life, occupational hazards, patient's medical history (history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension), life habits like alcohol consumption and smoking, and a history of head trauma, heart attack, stroke, parkinsonism, or depression were collected from the subject or from an informant. A family history of selected diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia, Parkinson's disease, Down's syndrome, stroke) was also elicited. Ages of father and mother at birth were also recorded. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results (chi-square test) showed a statistically significant difference between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and controls as far as marital status (p = .04), the subject's history of major depressive episode (p = .02), and family history of dementia (p = .002) were concerned. Logistic regression analysis results produced a complex model of family aggregation of dementia, with patients with a history of depression and family history of dementia having an up to seven times higher risk of developing AD. These findings, especially a family history of dementia, are consistent with most of the literature.
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PMID:Risk factors for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study of a Greek population. 951 31

It is well known that Down's syndrome patients frequently suffer from immune system diseases leading to the production of autoantibodies and the onset of correlated pathologies. These disorders become increasingly frequent as the patients grow older and the onset of one autoimmune disease often predisposes the development of others. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most frequent disorder and appears to affect 39% of adult patients. Over the past years a number of reports have been published regarding the coexistence of various autoimmune diseases in DS patients, but little is still known about the relationship between these pathologies and celiac disease. In order to contribute to knowledge regarding the prevalence of this association, the authors report a case of a DS patient who developed diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and celiac disease at different times. This case provides further confirmation of the association between Down's syndrome and autoimmune pathologies. The authors feel that follow-up programmes for DS patients should include an evaluation of thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies given that the onset of glandular hypofunction may be very subtle. Furthermore, they should also include tests to assay glycemia, anti-pancreatic insula and anti-insulin antibodies for diabetes and AGA and EMA for celiac disease.
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PMID:[Diabetes, hypothyroidism and celiac disease in Down's syndrome. A case report]. 955 94


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