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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HL-A antigens were determined in 100 patients with diabetes mellitus. When the data are combined with that from other studies, there is a definite positive association of acute-onset juvenile diabetes mellitus with HL-A8 and W15. Four families are described in which two or more members with this type of diabetes are present, and in each family, affected individuals share a haplotype including HL-A8 or W15. These findings are consistent with the possible role of immune response genes in the HL-A chromosomal region which might control the immune response to virus infections capable of producing islet cell damage.
Diabetes 1975 Apr
PMID:HL-A system and diabetes mellitus. 4 87

1451 patients with IDDM, onset before 1953 and before the age of 30 were followed until death or until 1976. Survival with diabetes, relative survival and the influence of supervision on survival were examined. It is shown that only 50% of the patients survived more than 30 diabetes years. The patients had an overmortality of more than 600% in relation to age and sex matched non-diabetics. Frequent supervisions in the out-patient clinic reduced as well the overmortality as the prevalence of severe complications significantly.
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PMID:The prognosis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and the importance of supervision. 10 28

Combined renal and pancreatic transplantation in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy and renal insufficiency is designed to improve the poor prognosis observed with hemodialysis or renal transplantation alone. Interest has recently shifted from pancreatic organ to islet transplantation, in view of the absence of complications with the latter. However, no permanent success with islet transplants in diabetic patients has so far been reported. In the series presented, one patient with juvenile diabetes and subsequent renal failure was successfully treated with simultaneous kidney and intrasplenic pancreatic islet allotransplants. One year after the operation the patient has normal blood glucose levels without exogenous insulin, despite treatment with prednisone.
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PMID:[Successful allotransplantation of an island of Langerhans]. 11 44

Two lysosomal glycohydrolases, beta-galactosidase and beta-N-hexosaminidase which have been associated with kidney disease were measured in the urine of 110 youngsters with juvenile diabetes mellitus. The mean enzyme excretions in the diabetic group were intermediate between those of normal youngsters and those with active renal disease. Three youngsters with known kidney disease had elevations comparable to others in the diabetic group but no direct correlation could be shown between enzyme elevations and proteinuria or Addis count abnormalities. Positive correlations were seen between enzyme levels and indices of metabolic balance including blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides but not with urine sugar or ketones. Duration and estimated stage and control of diabetes also correlated with the urinary enzymes. These preliminary studies are consistent with the possibility that the excretion of these enzymes reflects the ongoing renal damage which occurs in most juvenile diabetics.
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PMID:Urinary acidic glycohydrolases as an index of kidney damage in juvenile diabetes mellitus. 11 9

Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been documented in a colony of guinea pigs. The contagious nature of the disease has been verified, but the nature of the infectious agent is not known. Animals from the original colony or animals exposed to the colony with normal glucose tolerance tests (GTT) became diabetic, as evidenced by elevated one- and four-hour GTT values, and in most cases have significant glycosuria. The severity of pathologic changes in the pancreatic islets parallel, in general, the severity of the clinical symptoms (glycosuria and abnormal GTT). Those animals with severe glycosuria and elevated FBS as well as one- and four-hour GTT values had the most pronounced degranulation and most prominent cytoplasmic inclusions in islet B cells. The severity of scarring in the islets can be correlated with the duration of the overt diabetic state. The other clinical parameters of note were elevated serum triglycerides, normal serum but elevated aortic cholesterol, and absence of ketonemia or ketonuria. The reproductive capacity of diabetic females was compromised. While the clinical manifestations are mild or variable, the presence of significant islet pathology is reminiscent of human juvenile diabetes mellitus. These findings lend support to the concept that infectious and/or immune mechanisms could be operative in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes 1976 May
PMID:Diabetes mellitus in the guinea pig. 17 57

The frequency of latent disorders of glucose regulation during pheochromocytoma, is evaluated at 75% of cases. Detailed analysis of 83 cases with a diabetic state, gave the following results: insulin dependent diabetes, 37 cases. Non-insulin dependent, 14 cases. Latent diabetes, 32 cases. The characteristics of the insulin-dependent diabetes were not always suggestive. Insulin dependency was, however, unusual above a certain age. We noted loss of weight in spite of good control of the diabetes, the absence of acidosis and ketosis contrasting with rapid loss of weight. In fact, it is above all the hypertension which should lead to diagnosis. Surgical operation, cures or improves considerably the diabetic state, thus proving the symptomatic nature of this diabetes.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus in pheochromocytoma]. 18 6

There is considerable evidence that at least some cases of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus in humans are a result of viral infection. Viral-induced diabetes in mice may provide an experimental counterpart more similar to the clinical situation than chemical-induced diabetes. Our experiments in such mice indicate that islet transplantation is effective in ameliorating viral-induced diabetes and is encouraging for ultimate clinical application of islet transplantation to juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetics. In addition, our results show that islets in ectopic sites outside of the pancreas are resistant to damage induced by primary viral infection. The mechanism of this resistance is obscure and will be the subject of future investigations.
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PMID:Encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes mellitus treated by islet transplantation. 21 67

The role played by viruses in the aetiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been studied by several authors; in particular the importance of Coxsackie virus B4 infection has been stated by some authors and not confirmed by others. 43 diabetic children were studied at the time of the diagnosis of the disease. No viruses could be isolated from stools; the titres of anti-Coxsackie viruses B1 to 6 complement fixing antibodies and anti-Coxsackie virus B4 neutralizing antibodies, compared to controls, indicated that Coxsackie virus infection was not associated with the onset of diabetes in these children. A cross-reaction with anti-Coxsackie viruses sera and a human pancreas demonstrated that there are not antigens in common between these viruses and the human pancreas.
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PMID:Type 1 diabetes and Coxsackie virus infection. 23 95

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in contrast to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is associated with HLA factors B8, BW15, and B18. Recent studies have shown the association to be even stronger with HLA, DW3, and DW4 and have produced evidence for the existence of two "diabetogenic" genes predisposing to insulin-dependent diabetes in different ways. Evidence to suggest the existence of a gene--associated with DW2--that protects against the disease is accumulating. Islet cell antibodies are a feature of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and can be seen, in most cases, at the time of diagnosis.
Diabetes 1978
PMID:HLA, islet cell antibodies, and types of diabetes mellitus. 34 16

In order to investigate whether patients with long-standing juvenile diabetes mellitus (onset of diabetes before the age of 30) and a low daily insulin requirement (less than 0.50 units/kg body weight) still have functioning B-cells, plasma C-peptide was determined after stimulation (OGTT and glucagon/tolbutamide) in 64 patients with diabetes of more than 18 years' duration (mean 31 years). Measurable endogenous insulin production was found in 24% of the patients. The prevalence of severe retinopathy was lower in the secretors than in the non-secretor group. There was no difference in insulin antibody concentration between the two groups. Furthermore, the insulin requirement in the secretor group was relatively constant during the course of diabetes. Metabolic control was similar in both groups. It is concluded that a persisting but low activity of endogenous insulin production can be found in many long-term juvenile diabetics with a low insulin requirement, while others without any residual beta-cell function develop a low insulin requirement for unknown reasons.
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PMID:Persistent insulin secretion, assessed by plasma C-peptide estimation in long-term juvenile diabetics with a low insulin requirement. 35 94


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