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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible hemodynamic effects of somatostatin in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. For this purpose, 7 insulin-requiring juvenile-onset diabetics were submitted to a short-term infusion of cyclic somatostatin (250 micrograms/h, over 2 h) or saline in randomized order. Somatostatin infusion resulted in a progressive and significant decrease in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac index and velocity circumferential fiber; on the other hand, left ventricular ejection time was augmented by somatostatin. None of these effects was seen in the saline control study. We conclude that somatostatin exerts a negative inotropic effect in insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of somatostatin in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. 4 64

In 65 adult diabetic men and 77 control men without diabetes, both groups without any problems as to fertility, the following characteristics of ejaculate have been compared: volume of seminal fluid, sperm concentration per milliliter, total sperm count, sperm morphology, and motility at 1, 3, and 5 hours after ejaculation. In the entire diabetic group, sperm morphology and motility at 1 hour after ejaculation was statistically significantly worse. In 15 diabetics without sexual disurbances only sperm morphology was statistically significantly worse compared with an equally large control groups. In 50 diabetics with erection disturbances, sperm volume and motility in three successive observations were statistically remarkably lower. In younger age subgroups, the differences between diabetics and nondiabetics were more marked than in older age subgroups. The patients' age, when diabetes was discovered in them, did not essentially influence the quality of the ejaculate where diabetes lasted 8 or more years. Diabetics over 40 years' age displayed a significantly lower sperm volume. The total sperm count and motility at 3 and 5 hours after ejaculation, with 12 or more years' duration of diabetes, differed from diabetes of 2 years' duration. On the basis of these observations a negative influence of diabetes on the quality of the ejaculate seems unquestionable. There exists great variability in the adverse effect on the individual diabetic. Also, the individual characteristics of the ejaculate are affected, usually, to a different extent: the most frequently and markedly affected being the sperm motility, then morphology and/or volume of ejaculate, and the least often and the least conspicuously, the sperm count.
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PMID:Sperm quality in adult diabetic men. 4 90

Sera of 83 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of early onset were tested for latex agglutination-inhibiting antibodies to coxsackie virus types B1-B5. We could not find any evidence of a causal association between Coxsackie B virus infection and diabetes.
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PMID:Course of coxsackie B antibodies during juvenile diabetes. 4 4

Two samples of muscles, one with proved, the other with doubtful neurogenic lesions have been investigated with EMG frequency analysis. Confirming reports from previous authors it was possible to show that a large proportion of muscles with proved lesions have a displacement of the frequency spectrum towards low frequencies("bass" displacement). The displacements were principally found in cases with old lesions. In a group of cases in which the symptoms had lasted a few months only a displacement towards high frequencies ("descant" displacement) was revealed. In view of these findings it was surprising to note a relatively large number of spectra with bass displacement in a group of cases in which the symptoms had lasted less than one month. The probable explanation of this is to be found in the fact that the muscles with bass displacement in this group principally belonged to patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes, alcoholism, renal insufficiency, itc., who quite possibly might have had earlier neurogenic lesions with a subclinical course. In the group of muscles with doubtful neurogenic lesions there was also found a comparatively large number of bass-displaced spectra. It was possible to show that here also there was a large number of patients with systemic diseases.
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PMID:On the relation between the EMG frequency spectrum and the duration of symptoms in lesions of the peripheral motor neuron. 4 5

The following evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus may not be the simple consequence of relative or absolute insulin deficiency by itself, but may require the presence of glucagon: (1) relative or absolute hyperglucogonaemia has been identified in every form of endogenous hyperglycaemia, including total pancreatectomy in dogs; (2) insulin lack in the absence of glucagon does not cause endogenous hyperglycaemia, but when endogenous or exogenous glucagon is present, it quickly appears, irrespective of insulin levels at the time. These facts are compatible with a bihormonal-abnormality hypothesis, which holds that the major consequence of absolute or relative insulin lack is glucose underutilisation and that absolute or relative glucagon excess is the principal factor in the over-production of glucose in diabetes.
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PMID:The essential role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. 4 37

The body cholesterol pool increases with decreasing plasma-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.) but is unrelated to the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and other lipoproteins. This finding supports existing evidence that H.D.L. facilitates the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral tissues and its transport to the liver for catabolism and excretion. Plasma-H.D.L., is reduced in several conditions associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic heart-disease (I.H.D.), namely hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaimia, male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, while subjects with existing clinical I.H.D. have lower levels of H.D.L. than healthy subjects within the same community. It is proposed that a reduction of plasma-H.D.L. concentration may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, and hence I.H.D., by impairing the clearance of cholesterol from the arterial wall.
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PMID:Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease. 4 38

The definition of prediabetes by genetic criteria alone has limitations since not all such subjects progress to overt diabetes. Sequential oral glucose tolerance testing in a population has enabled the identification of 14 "true prediabetic" subjects with baseline two-hour plasma glucose levels smaller than 160 mg. per 100 ml. who subsequently developed unequivocal diabetes (two-hour plasma glucose level larger than 275 mg. per 100 ml.). All but one were matched for baseline two-hour plasma glucose and relative weight with a subject whose glucose tolerance remained unchanged during a mean follow-up period of 4 years. Fasting insulin levels and responses at 1/2, 1, and 2 hour sampling times were similar in both group and matched pair analysis at baseline. No evidence was found that subjects destined to develop diabetes have either excessive or diminished insulin secretion.
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PMID:Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate in true prediabetics and matched controls. 4 45

In eleven cases thirteen pancreatic islet cell adenomas were found in autopsy material from 1366 adult cases. Ten of the adenomas were solitary, while 3 small adenomas were observed in a single case. Another four possible solitary adenomas were observed, but their identity was uncertain owing to marked fibrosis. All the adenomas contained A-2 (A)-1 cells but no B (B)-1 cells. Nine of them also contained A-1 (D)-1 cells. The majority of cells in the adenomas were A-2 cells or cells which did not stain with any of the techniques used. The 4 possible adenomas contained islet cells (A-1, A-2, B) in different proportions. With one exception the patients with adenomas and possible adenomas were 65 years of age or older, and in some of these cases adenomas or hyperplasias were also found in other endocrine organs. The frequency of gastroduodenal ulcers or scars in the cases with adenoma or possible adenoma did not differ notably from that found in the cases without pancreatic adenomas. Among the cases with pancreatic adenoma and possible adenoma there were 3 patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus, but otherwise no clinical symptoms of endocrine disturbances were noted.
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PMID:Cytological differentiation of asymptomatic pancreatic islet cell tumours in autopsy material. 4 49

A 53 year old woman presented with diabetes mellitus, hyperglucagonemia (600 to 1,500 pg/ml), clinical hyperparathyroidism and an abdominal mass diagnosed on biopsy as an islet cell carcinoma. Glucagon content of the tumor was 0.78 mug/g wet weight. Hourly blood samples during a 24 hour period revealed a direct correlation between plasma glucose and glucagon. The oral administration of glucose paradoxically increased whereas the intravenous administration decreased plasma glucagon. Circulating glucagon levels were markedly increased with arginine and epinephrine infusion. Both short- and long-term administration of alpha adrenergic blockade depressed the glucagon response to epinephrine infusion. In contrast, long-term alpha adrenergic blockade increased glucagon secretion despite improved glucose tolerance during a second 24 hour study. Although the patient demonstrated overt clinical and chemical findings of hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone (PTH) was not detected in her plasma. The pattern of tumor growth was consistent with an origin from pancreatic islets. We conclude that (1) the tumor was responsive to physiologic stimuli known to affect glucagon secretion; (2) elevations of plasma glucagon levels with oral and dietary glucose suggest regulation of secretion by intestinal factors; and (3) improvement of glucose tolerance with alpha adrenergic blockade may be related to increased insulin secretion.
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PMID:Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hyperglucagonemia associated with an islet cell carcinoma. 4 4

One hundred patients with pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma have been reviewed. Diabetes mellitus may be an early presentation. Painless jaundice has a relatively good prognosis. Fifteen patients have had curative procedures with a 31 per cent operative mortality. Mortality is influenced by age and serum bilirubin levels. Where palliative procedures are undertaken, this should include biliary diversion and gastro-enterostomy.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary region: a clinical study in a district general hospital. 4 64


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