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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the fetal and maternal blood glucose and insulin response following glucose infusion to the mother. The studies were performed on 11 primigravid patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks during the first stage of labor. Glucose was given intravenously by a bolus injection of 330 mg/kg body weight, followed by a glucose infusion of 27.5 mg/kg/min for 60 min. Glucose concentration, immuno-reactive insulin (IRI), pH and base excess of the maternal and fetal blood were measured before and during maternal glucose load. Maternal blood glucose rose within 10 min. up to 280.0 mg% (SD 25.9). This level could be fairly maintained throughout the experiment. The maternal glucose was after 60 min. infusion 326.5 mg% (SD 46.9). Fetal glucose concentration rose continuously from 65.8 mg% (SD 5.8) at control to 249.2 mg% (SD 23.3) after 60 min. The increase of maternal and fetal glucose was associated with an elevation of immuno-reactive insulin (IRI). The maternal insulin was 24.0 micronU/ml (SD 8.0). It was scattered over a wide range (55.4 micronU/ml-217.1 micronU/ml) after 60 min. glucose infusion. The fetal insulin was 17.0 micronU/ml (SD 5.2) at control and rose by 86.5% (SD 80.5) after 60 min. glucose load. One case of a mother with a subclinical diabetes mellitus deviated where the fetal insulin rose from 26.0 micronU/ml at control to 215.6 micronU/ml after 60 min. infusion. The increase of insulin per glucose rise was correlated to fetal body weight. During glucose infusion to the mother of both, fetal and maternal, acid base parameters remained unchanged. From these observations it may be concluded that in the human fetus insulin secretion following a single glucose load is generally low, however, it increases in cases where the maternal insulin response to glucose load is abnormal. This might be related to a chronic stimulation by glucose of the fetal pancreatic islet cells in poorly controlled diabetic and possibly prediabetic patients.
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PMID:Fetal and maternal blood glucose, insulin and acid base observations following maternal glucose infusion. 1 72

The diagnosis of lactate acidosis is complicated by the fact that lactate determination is not a routine method in clinical chemistry. In fact, lactate analysis is performed only in special laboratories. Even in greater clinics this method is not routinely performed in differential diagnosis of acidotic states. Various diseases are accompanied by a lactate emia or even by lactate acidosis. Anaerobic synthesis of lactate is an emergency reaction to supply minimum energy to tissues with insufficient oxygen supply. The main diseases complicated by increased blood lactate concentrations are shock, circulatory collapse, cardiac failure and peripheral circularoty disturbance. Additionally diabetes mellitus, septical infections, and-the most prominent situation-biguanide intoxications are complicated by an increase in blood lactate concentration.
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PMID:[Clinical picture of lactate acidosis. 4: Clinical significance of lactate acidosis]. 2 Mar 98

Out of 1,251 patients above 65 years of age staying at the Charles Foix Hospital (prolonged hospitalization) and the St. Joseph Hospital (acute cases), 168 had one or more positive blood cultures. Urinary tract infection is a major source of septicemia due to gram negative bacilli. It is important to stress cases of septicemia due to pneumococcal pneumoniae, eschars, and other skin lesions. Mortality varies between 33 and 36%, depending upon the hospital. Collapse, although infrequent, still portends a grave prognosis (61% of cases of collapse led to death at Charles Foix Hospital). The combination of more than two risk factors considerably worsens the prognosis. Hypoproteinemia and dementia are every bit as grave as diabetes and cancer. A better isolation of the microorganisms involved in cases of septicemia in the elderly will lead to a more judicious choice of antibiotics. The administration of chemotherapy immediately after the samples were obtained remains the main guarantee of successful therapy.
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PMID:[Septicemia in the elderly (author's transl)]. 2 83

The content of NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADPH in the liver of normal, fasting rats, those on the low-carbohydrate diet and suffering from alloxan diabetes was studied as affected by nictotinamide. Changes in the NAD+ content, sum of nicotinamide coenzymes, the [NAD+] + [NADP+]/[NADH] +/- [NADPH] and [NAD+] + [NADH] (sum of nicotinamide coenzymes) ratios are mainly due to nicotinamide administration. Changes in the content of reduced forms of both nucleotides depend equally on nicotinamide administration and the physiological state of animals. Response of the rat organism to nicotinamide administration consists in a sharp intensification of NAD+ synthesis and in a less pronounced intensification of NADH, NADP+ and NADPH synthesis.
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PMID:[Content of nicotinamide coenzymes in rat liver under conditions of nicotinamide administration]. 2 48

Glutamine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities of brain and liver homogenates of rats suffering from alloxan diabetes were determined in the soluble fraction (fraction 1) and in that obtained after treatment with 0.2 percent deoxycholate (fraction 2). The results obtained indicate that the activities of these enzymes in homogenates of brain and liver of diabetic animals does not differ from that of normal animals. gamma-Glutamyltransferase activity of brain is significantly reduced (about 5 fold) in the soluble fraction while glutamine synthetase activity is not much changed. The activities of glutamine-synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase of the 2-nd fraction obtained from rat brain and liver are very much higher than in the first fraction and are not considerably different from the activities observed in normal animals. In contrast to brain, glutamine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities of liver of diabetic animals do not differ from the activities observed in normal animals, both in the homogenates and in the 1-st and 2-nd fractions.
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PMID:[Rat brain and liver glutamine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in alloxan diabetes (IV)]. 2 8

The authors begin by enumerating the various syndromes in which painful ophthalmoplegia may be observed (sphenoidal fissure syndrome, Collier's syndrome, syndromes involving the orbital apex, the cavernous sinus and parasellar syndromes; Raeder's syndrome, Gradenigo's syndrome and Fischer-Brugge syndrome). They then discuss the various causes that must be investigated in all cases of painful ophtalmoplegia. They consider in order: -- ophtalmoplegia due to general causes (especially diabetes) and neurological causes (e.g. multiple sclerosis); -- ophtalmoplegia due to common local canses space-occupying processes, vascular malformations, ear, nose and larynx infections); -- painful ophalmoplegia of unknown origin, which includes four entities of very differing importance (Gubler and Charcot's ophthalmoplegic migraine and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome of which the clinical symptoms and course are so different that they can be distinguished as two entities; and, secondarily, inflammatory pseudo-tumours of the orbit and the recurrent multiple cranial nerve palsies that are observed in South-East Asia). (Acta nurol. belg., 1977, 77, 331-350).
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PMID:[Painful ophthalmoplegia (author's transl)]. 2 45

Minoxidil has been administered to 16 patients with severe hypertension and renal failure. In every patient the indication for minoxidil treatment was resistance to conventional drugs. The final dose of minoxidil was 2.5--30 mg (average 20) and it was combined with a beta-blocking agent and a diuretic (or dialysis). The therapy was given for 1--27 months (average 12). The average supine BP fell from 200/130 to 164/96 mmHg and the upright BP from 200/120 to 152/90 mmHg. No hypotensive reactions occurred. In most patients the progression of hypertensive organ changes was arrested. No major vascular complications have occurred during the 16 years of treatment. Prickling of the skin and hirsutism were common side-effects. The other side-effects observed were oedema in five patients and development of latent diabetes in three. In four patients minoxidil treatment was discontinued for following reasons: successful reconstruction of the renal artery after stenosis, renal transplantation, severe oedema and hirsutism. The risk of hirsutism is a contraindication to prolonged minoxidil administration in most femal patients. Minoxidil is especially indicated in uncontrolled renal hypertension.
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PMID:Minoxidil in severe hypertension. 2 24

The first part of this report is devoted to a description of the metabolic pathways of the principle carbohydrates and polyols. The second part is concerned with the utilisation of these energy-providing substrates, when used in parenteral alimentation. Notions emerge of "total clearance" and of coefficient of utilisation in relation to the rate of administration for each of them. Finally, the third part deals with disturbances of carbolydate and polyol metabolism during stress and diabetes and the possiblilities of the development of hyperlactatemia according to the substances used or the pathological circumstances encountered. A table attempts to summarise the potential complications in comparison with all the substrates used in parenteral alimentation.
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PMID:[Metabolism of glucides and polyols and disorders of their utilization]. 2 76

Hyperglycaemia during parenteral alimentation occurs either as a result of an error in the supplies provided or as a result of diminished carbohydrate tolerance. The circumstances surrounding the development of carbohydrate intolerance are essentially : severe infections, major catabolic states, renal insufficiency, extensive burns, pancreatic problems and diabetes. From a pathogenic standpoint, there are two dominant elements : disturbances in hepatic gluconeogenesis and changes in insulin secretion and in resistance to insulin. The physiopathology is dominated by the risk of hyperosmolarity. Hypoglycaemia occurs most frequently as the result of a manit fest error : too sudded interruption of carbohydrate supplies or two high dosage of exogenous insulin.
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PMID:[Glucide intolerance and its pathogenic mechanisms during parenteral feeding]. 2 77

Experimentally-induced alloxan diabetes was characterized in rats by a marked increase in the blood glucose level and by a number of disturbances in the concentration of metabolites and the activity of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis in diabetes was judged by reduction of the redox condition of free NAD- and NADP-couples, by the increase in the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate, malic oxaloacetate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity of the liver. Nicotinamide in a dose of 50 mg per 100 g of body weight caused a marked reduction in the blood glucose level of diabetic rats. An increase of the [NAD+]/[NADN], [NADP+]/[NADPN] ratio, a reduction of the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate, malate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity pointed to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and stimulation of glycolysis in the liver of diabetic rats given nicotinamide.
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PMID:[Hypoglycemic effect of nicotinamide in rats with alloxan diabetes]. 2 43


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