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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Principal objectives in obesity management comprise the prevention of weight gain, the promotion of weight loss, and the treatment of obesity-related complications, including diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Serotonin agonists reduce food intake. The resultant weight loss is variable and there appears to be no way of predicting good responders, nor is there evidence that additional weight loss attributable to drug therapy is sustained once treatment is discontinued, although nonpharmacological strategies for preventing weight regain are worthy of exploration. Serotonin agonists are of clinical value if there is a short-term need for weight reduction or if long-term pharmacotherapy can be justified. This implies that sometimes the dangers of the obese state outweigh the potential hazards of drug treatment. Clearly, if the same agent also improves diabetic control, blood pressure, or depression then a longer term usage is more readily justified. The extent to which this may be achieved by the currently available 5-HT agonists is discussed.
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PMID:Appraisal of the clinical value of serotoninergic drugs. 172 33

Patients with diabetes were compared with nondiabetic control subjects, with respect to the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia, by means of treadmill exercise testing and coronary angiography. Results of treadmill exercise testing showed ischemic ST depression in 41 of the 132 diabetic patients (mean age 61 +/- 4 years) and in 42 of the 140 nondiabetic control subjects (mean age 60 +/- 8 years) (31% vs 30%, p = NS). Coronary angiography was performed in 36 of 41 diabetic patients and 34 of 42 nondiabetic control subjects with positive results of treadmill exercise tests, who gave their consent. Among "treadmill-positive" subjects, diabetic patients had a prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia that was 2.2 times higher than that in nondiabetic control subjects (p less than 0.05). Diabetic patients who received insulin had a 2.6 times higher prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia than those who did not (p less than 0.05). Similarly diabetic patients with retinopathy has a 2.5 times higher prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia than those without it (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as judged by treadmill exercise testing and coronary angiography. 172 50

Vigorous physical activity can improve the health of both adults and children. Among adults, regular physical activity can reduce risk for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, colon cancer, and depression, as well as lower all-cause death rates (1,2). Among children, regular physical activity can reduce chronic disease risk factors such as obesity, elevated cholesterol, and hypertension (3). Physical activity patterns established during childhood may extend into adulthood (4). This report examines the prevalence of vigorous physical activity among U.S. students in grades 9-12.
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PMID:Vigorous physical activity among high school students--United States, 1990. 173 Nov 78

Streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) mice have reduced brain concentrations of tryptophan, a precursor substance for 5-hydroxytryptamine, and show lengthened immobility in Porsolt's swim test, a putative animal model of depression. This study investigated whether tryptophan affects behavior in Porsolt's swim test in STZ-administered male National Institutes of Health Swiss mice. In addition, the effect of tryptophan on behavior in the resident-intruder test of aggression was studied. Tryptophan is effective in the treatment of mild depression and may reduce aggressive behavior. Diabetes was induced with injection of 200 mg/kg body wt i.p. STZ. Two weeks after STZ treatment, the mice received 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg i.p. tryptophan 60 min before the swim test. The STZ-administered mice exhibited lengthened immobility in the swim test, and tryptophan caused a dose-related shortening in their immobility times. The control and STZ mice, which were isolated for 1 wk before the resident-intruder test, did not show any difference in the time spent in social investigation or aggressive or defensive behaviors. However, 100 mg/kg i.p. tryptophan 60 min before the test reduced the social interaction and aggressive behavior of the STZ-D mice but increased these behaviors in controls. Results indicate that tryptophan shortens the increased immobility time and reduces social and aggressive behavior in STZ-D mice. Therefore, the reported reductions in the brain-tryptophan concentrations in STZ-D mice may participate in regulating their behavior.
Diabetes 1991 Dec
PMID:Effects of tryptophan on depression and aggression in STZ-D mice. 175

The results of treadmill exercise stress test (TMX) for ischaemia is based on ST-segment depression. Patients with positive test may or may not be symptomatic. This study examines if there are any differences between these two groups of patients. A total of thirty-nine patients with coronary artery disease and positive TMX results in 1988 was studied. There were 16 patients with chest pain and 23 without. They were followed-up for a mean period of 16.9 and 15.2 months respectively. The following factors were found not to be statistically significant between these two groups of patients: age, sex, race, height, weight, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or smoking, indication for the test, use of drugs, total and HDL-cholesterol, exercise duration and the initial double product. The difference between the maximal double product of the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.004). In the follow-up period, in the group of patients with silent myocardial ischaemia, one had a cardiac event and one underwent revascularisation. While in the symptomatic group, two had cardiac events and seven underwent revascularisation. There were no deaths in either group. The difference in overall outcome was significant statistically (p = 0.002). Therefore, patients with silent myocardial ischaemia have a higher maximal double product in TMX; hence a higher maximal workload and a less adverse outcome compared to symptomatic patients.
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PMID:Silent myocardial ischaemia: the Tan Tock Seng experience. 178 83

The onset of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes is predictable before hyperglycemia by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) and competitive insulin autoantibodies (CIAAs). CIAA+ICA+ first-degree relatives of individuals with type I diabetes have increased numbers of CD4 cells bearing the CD45R antigen and reciprocal depressions of the CD4 cells bearing the CD29 determinant. In addition, depressed CD4/CD8 ratios are present. In this study, we investigated the correlation between autoantibody levels and T-lymphocyte changes in the prediabetic state. The data demonstrate a clear linear relationship between rising CIAA levels, a marker of disease rate, and rising elevations in the CD4+CD45R+/CD4+CD29+ ratio in 37 CIAA+ICA+ and CIAA+ICA- relatives (r = 0.93). In marked contrast, the degree of CD4/CD8 depression found in individuals with prediabetes or long-term diabetes failed to correlate with either CIAA (r = 0.32) or ICA (r = 0.29) levels. The investigation of T-lymphocyte changes in siblings of individuals with type I diabetes with different stable autoantibody patterns (CIAAs and/or ICAs), and thus varying risks for diabetes, revealed differences in the prediabetic groups. Fifteen CIAA+ICA- relatives with high CIAA levels (greater than 80 nU/ml) had high CD4+CD45R+/CD4+CD29+ ratios (P = 0.03) and depressed CD4/CD8 ratios (P = 0.008). In contrast, CIAA+ICA- relatives with low CIAA levels (39-80 nU/ml), and thus low risk of diabetes, had no alteration in their CD4/CD8 ratio (P = 0.75) or CD4+CD45R+/CD4+CD29+ ratio (P = 0.33). Nineteen CIAA-ICA+ siblings with a predicted intermediate risk for diabetes showed heterogeneity in the presence of T-lymphocyte abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1991 May
PMID:T-lymphocyte changes linked to autoantibodies. Association of insulin autoantibodies with CD4+CD45R+ lymphocyte subpopulation in prediabetic subjects. 182 80

The prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes was examined in a population-based study of 1586 men and women aged 50 years or older. Men and women with previously diagnosed diabetes had significantly higher mean Beck Depression Inventory total, somatic subscale, and affective subscale scores than normal men and women and individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes. The age- and sex-adjusted rates of Inventory scores of 13 or greater among individuals with previously diagnosed diabetes was 3.7 times greater than the rates among individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes (p less than 0.05). Medication use and fasting plasma glucose were unrelated to symptom score. The number of other chronic conditions and age were significant independent predictors of depressive symptoms in all diabetic men and women. Results suggest that depressive symptoms in individuals with Type 2 diabetes may be related to awareness of diabetic condition in addition to poor health.
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PMID:Type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults: a population-based study. 183 52

We examined the physical, sociodemographic, and psychosocial health status of diabetic Mexican Americans aged 45 to 74 years using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetic Mexican-American women had lower education levels and lower employment rates in comparison with nondiabetics. Glaucoma, retinopathy, and activity limitation were more prevalent in diabetic than in nondiabetic men and women. Diabetic women also had a higher prevalence of hypertension, kidney problems, and cataracts. No significant differences were found in depression levels between diabetic and nondiabetic Mexican Americans of either sex. Among diabetics, duration of diabetes was associated with increased prevalence of stroke and activity limitation. These findings on the health status of diabetic Mexican Americans furthers our understanding of the health service needs of this population.
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PMID:Health status of diabetic Mexican Americans: results from the Hispanic HANES. 184 40

We report cases of angina pectoris or minimal acute myocardial infarction accompanied by pulmonary edema, which were retrospectively studied with regard to their clinical characteristics, prognosis and treatment. Sixteen patients, 5 males and 11 females with a mean age of 72.6 years, admitted to the Cardiovascular Center of Sendai between January 1986 and June 1989, were studied. Ten had previous myocardial infarction. Hypertension, chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus were found in 10, 7 and 7 patients, respectively. Electrocardiograms during cardiac ischemic attacks showed ST elevation in 8 and ST depression in the other 8 patients. Coronary arteriography which was performed in 6 patients revealed three-vessel disease in 5, and two-vessel disease in one. Mechanical ventilation was indicative of 7, and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in 2 patients. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed for 3 patients. All patients recovered from pulmonary edema and were discharged. During the mean 15-month-follow-up period, 8 patients died. The causes of death were sudden cardiac death in 3, acute myocardial infarction in one, congestive heart failure in one, post-surgical death in one, and non-cardiac death in 2.
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PMID:[Pulmonary edema caused by cardiac ischemic attacks in cases with or without minimal myocardial infarction]. 184 32

Contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE), and the population of beta-adrenoceptors, were determined in gastric fundus smooth muscle from rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and age-matched controls. Relaxation and/or contraction of fundus strips of controls and diabetics were induced by 10(-5)M NE. Responses to NE were mainly relaxation in gastric fundus isolated from controls, and contraction in fundus isolated from diabetics. Contraction was blocked by 10(-8) M prazosin and relaxation was blocked by 10(-6) M propranolol. Relaxation by isoproterenol of contraction induced by 10(-6) M acetylcholine was significantly less in fundus from diabetics than in that from controls. The number of beta-adrenoceptors, measured with [125I] iodocyanopindolol as a ligand, was significantly less in gastric fundus membrane isolated from diabetics than in that from controls, but affinity was no different. The level of plasma catecholamine was higher in diabetics than in controls. Results suggest that depression of gastric fundus relaxation and increase of contraction by NE in diabetics could be due to fewer beta-adrenoceptor binding sites caused by down-regulation by higher catecholamine level in diabetic rats.
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PMID:Relations between contractile responses and beta-adrenoceptors in gastric fundus of diabetic rats. 184 30


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