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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in age- and sex-matched adult long- and short-duration insulin-dependent diabetics and non-diabetics. The study involved 82 subjects with long- and 72 with short-duration diabetes and 77 non-diabetics, all aged 20-70 years. The clinical and radiographic examination comprised recordings of the number of existing teeth, absence or presence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus, gingival conditions, probing pocket depth and alveolar bone level. There were no significant differences in the number of existing teeth or presence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus between long- and short-duration diabetics and non-diabetics. Diabetics, irrespective of the duration of the disease, had a higher prevalence of sites with gingivitis than non-diabetics. Overall, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding the prevalence of tooth surfaces with probing pocket depths of 4 and 5 mm. However, on comparison between age subgroups, long-duration diabetics younger than 45 years had significantly more 4 and 5 mm pockets than non-diabetics. Long-duration diabetics altogether had significantly more tooth surfaces with probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm than non-diabetics. The radiographs of alveolar bone height exhibited significantly more extensive alveolar bone loss in long-duration diabetics aged 40-49 years than in short-duration diabetics and non-diabetics. This, together with the increased number of subjects belonging to classification groups with severe periodontal disease experience among long-duration diabetics, indicates more periodontal disease in these diabetics.
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PMID:Periodontal conditions in insulin-dependent diabetics. 278 36

The morphotypes of the subgingival microflora from 85 12 to 18-year-old Finnish adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied in Gram- and Rhodes-stained smears. A comparison was made with subgingival plaque samples from paired age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the morphotypes. The microflora in the IDDM patient group contained significantly lower proportions of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci and total Gram-positive bacteria and higher proportions of Gram-negative rods, fusiforms, and total Gram-negative bacteria. In the Rhodes-stained samples, the patients had more straight and curved rods and less fusiforms than the controls. The proportions of spirochetes and flagellated bacteria were almost identical in both groups. The clinical periodontal status of the subjects had been reported in a separate study. In spite of similar Plaque Index scores, the patients had more gingivitis than the controls. This finding may be explained by the distribution of morphotypes: more Gram-negative rods and total Gram-negative bacteria (periodontally more pathogenic forms) in the diabetic patients.
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PMID:Morphotypes of the subgingival microflora in diabetic adolescents in Finland. 279 20

To obtain data concerning the pathology of diabetic arteries, aortas from 23 patients with diabetes mellitus [9 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 14 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)] were collected at autopsy together with aortas from sex- and age-matched nondiabetic persons. A histomorphometric study was performed blindly on antifibronectin PAP-stained sections to determine the distribution of fibronectin-containing space in the vessels. In both IDDM and nonIDDM groups a statistically significant increase of approximately 45% was seen in the amount of stainable material in the tunica media. The increase was not influenced by the presence or absence of overlying plaque. No differences were seen between diabetic and nondiabetic vessels in the tunica intima. The content of extractable fibronectin in intima-media preparations was measured. The samples were extracted sequentially with buffered saline, a heparin-urea solution, and finally collagenase digestion. Fibronectin measured in these extracts showed that statistically significantly more of this glycoprotein was found in vessels from diabetic persons compared with nondiabetic persons, when comparing areas of the vessels without macroscopical visible plaque. However, only among IDDM patients increased amounts were apparent in plaque areas. These results indicate that diabetic patients develop structural alterations in the connective tissue of their arteries, consistent with a hypothesis of a diabetic macroangiopathy.
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PMID:Accumulation of fibronectin in aortas from diabetic patients. A quantitative immunohistochemical and biochemical study. 279 91

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus induction of diabetes mellitus in mice has proven to be an excellent experimental model for the pathogenesis of viral disease. In SJL and DBA/2 mice, diabetes results exclusively from the infection and damage of beta cells by the virus. In addition, in BALB/cBy mice subclinical beta cell damage caused by the virus is followed by autoimmune beta cell destruction, which results in hyperglycemia. Studies of two closely related plaque variants (EMC-D and EMC-B) selected from the M strain of EMC virus revealed differences in the interferon response associated with viral infection. The EMC-D variant causes diabetes in infected SJL mice by direct beta cell destruction. Infection with EMC-B does not cause diabetes and interferes with the production of diabetes by EMC-D due to the greater ability of EMC-B than of EMC-D to induce interferon in mice. Circulating interferon has a greater effect on inhibition of viral replication because local interferon production is amplified in interferon-primed cells infected with EMC-B. These properties are determined by the interferon-inducing particle (Ifp+) phenotype of EMC-B and the Ifp- phenotype of EMC-D.
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PMID:Encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes mellitus in mice: model of viral pathogenesis. 282 21

Male rhesus monkeys were used to elucidate the combined effect of vasectomy and diabetes on frequency and size of atherosclerotic plaques. Four groups were made: in two, bilateral vasectomy was performed, and the other two were subjected to sham vasectomy. Half of the vasectomized and sham-vasectomized monkeys were made diabetic by intravenous injection of alloxan. The animals were observed for a period of one year. Clinical examination revealed bilateral cataract in 40% of the diabetic animals. Marked hyperglycemia along with significant increase of serum triglycerides and free fatty acids was noted in diabetic monkeys. Vasectomy per se did not alter serum lipid levels and overall atherosclerotic plaque score in nondiabetic monkeys. However, the combination of vasectomy with diabetic state led to significant increase of overall atherosclerotic plaque score in coronary and renal arteries.
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PMID:Frequency and size of atherosclerotic plaques in vasectomized diabetic monkeys. 287

We examined the influence of diabetes on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, as judged by coronary morphometric and blood flow studies. Cynomolgus monkeys were fed a coconut-peanut oil mixture plus cholesterol to induce the plaque lesions of atherosclerosis in nondiabetic (group 2) and diabetic monkeys (group 3). Group 1 consisted of chow-fed controls. After 18 months of hypercholesterolemia, the animals were anesthetized to assess myocardial blood flow, by use of radioactive microspheres. Transmural and inner/outer wall flow ratios were normal in the two lipid-fed groups in the basal state. Vasodilation after adenosine (0.45 mg/kg/min IV) elicited a more than threefold rise of transmural blood flow in group 1, and a significantly reduced increment in groups 2 and 3. The blood flow ratio was not different from unity in group 1 but declined to 0.69 +/- 0.03 in group 2 and 0.69 +/- 0.06 in group 3, with similar decrements of heart rate and aortic pressure. In contrast to results in group 1, left ventricular filling pressure rose and velocity of contractile elements declined to a similar extent in groups 2 and 3 after adenosine, consistent with myocardial ischemia. Morphometric measurements as well as chemical analyses were performed on the three major coronary arteries. The degree of intimal thickening and increase of cholesterol and collagen content were comparable in groups 2 and 3. Thus, in this model the plaque lesions of atherosclerosis did not appear to be intensified by diabetes. Moreover, the responses to adenosine in terms of myocardial underperfusion and mechanical dysfunction were comparable in the two experimental groups.
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PMID:Effects of diabetes on myocardial perfusion in the atherosclerotic monkey. 290 46

The correlation of serum levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] with the progression of cervical atherosclerosis was investigated and compared with the common risk factors. The carotid arteries of 100 subjects were examined by direct bi-directional Doppler ultrasonic imaging. A highly significant elevation of the mean values of Lp(a) in group 1 (P1, with smooth surface plaques) and in group 2 (P2, with exulcerations) vs the control (P0, with no detectable plaques) was established. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was highly significantly elevated in P1, but only significantly higher in P2. Total cholesterol (TC) was significantly higher in P1 and highly significantly elevated in P2. Diabetes was also found to be significantly associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation, in contrast to triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its ratio to TC, hypertension and cigarette smoking. In a smaller collective of 30 patients--40-60 years old--being equally divided into 3 groups (p0, p1, p2), Lp(a) showed again to be the most significant parameter. LDL-C, TC and its ratio to HDL-C were highly significantly altered in subgroup p1 and significantly altered in subgroup p2. In this selection there were 12 patients with and 18 without cerebral infarction (CI). The difference of the medians of Lp(a) serum levels between these 2 groups was also found to be highly significant.
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PMID:A dominant role of lipoprotein(a) in the investigation and evaluation of parameters indicating the development of cervical atherosclerosis. 293 55

Streptozotocin-diabetic isogenous Brown-Norway (BN) rats received heterotopic Wistar-Furth (WF X BN) F1 heart transplants. The functional graft survival time after different duration of diabetes and during insulin-treated diabetes was recorded. Some diabetic rats were challenged with sheep red cells, and their spleens were used in PHA stimulation and plaque-forming assays. Prolongation in heart transplant survival was found to be independent of the duration of diabetes. The prolongation disappeared promptly when insulin was administered to the diabetic rats. A depression of cellular immunoresponsiveness as measured by PHA stimulation assay was recorded during diabetes. Valid results were not obtained in the plaque-forming assay.
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PMID:The immunosuppressive effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. 295 May 77

Although initial success rates for coronary angioplasty have improved, the rate of restenosis within 6 months of the procedure has persisted at 30 to 40%. The relation of restenosis to initial success, recurrence of symptoms and risk factors suggests that high grade or total lesions, long lesions, lesions in the proximal left anterior descending artery or in saphenous grafts, and the absence of intimal dissection after angioplasty are associated with an increased risk of restenosis. Unstable angina, male sex and diabetes are clinical factors associated with a greater risk of restenosis. Pathologic specimens suggest that plaque splitting and disruption are found acutely after angioplasty, but that restenosis occurs as an excessive reparative, proliferative response of smooth muscle cells leading to recurrent luminal narrowing. A prospective analysis of therapeutic interventions to prevent restenosis, such as administering antiplatelet and lipid-lowering agents, intensive diabetic therapy and administration of calcium antagonists, is proposed. Problems with timing of studies, design and sample size are considered. Current recommendations for anti-restenosis therapy include antiplatelet therapy before and after angioplasty, administration of heparin in some patients and intensive risk factor intervention for the 6 months after the procedure.
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PMID:Medical approaches to prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. 295 23

Oral affections are important causes of disorders in diabetes, within them, periodontal disease is the most common one, which comprises gingivitis and periodontitis. Dental plaque, high concentrations of salivary calcium and glucose, hyperglycemia and a lower resistance to infections, are main factor contributing to periodontal disease, dental caries, mycotic stomatitis and aphthae. Even though with the most advanced surgical methods and using antibiotics, systematically, the treatment of periodontal disease is rather difficult and often unsuccessful, therefore, to prevent it is the best treatment available, hence the importance of teaching oral health to the diabetic patient, which should comprise a good metabolic control, right tooth-brushing and visits to the stomatologist every six months or in the presence of gingival bleeding or gingival pus emanation. Diabetic condition is not a contraindication for the extraction of carious dental teeth, on the contrary, such teeth must be extracted when required or adequately treated.
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PMID:[Detection and prevention of oral complications in diabetics]. 297 96


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