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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipid metabolism in lymphocytes was compared to that in the blood serum and red blood cells. 50 children aged 7 to 15 years suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the phase of decompensation without ketosis were examined. The patients were treated at hospital. 12 healthy children of the same age made up the control group. The changes in the lipid composition of red blood cells were shown to follow "passively" the changes occurring in the lipid composition of the blood serum. On the contrary, the changes in the lipid composition of lymphocyte membranes in IDDM are of "active" nature and may be caused by the displacement of the metabolic changes in lipid to a new pathological level. The changes in the lipid composition of lymphocyte membranes, seen in the phase of IDDM decompensation are one of the main factors responsible for the lowering of lymphocyte function that determines the formation of immunodeficiency followed by the superaddition of infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Comparative aspects of the changes in lipid metabolism indicators in lymphocyte and erythrocyte membranes in children with diabetes mellitus]. 205 87

The authors examined 21 patients with type I diabetes within 30 days after establishment of the diagnosis and during the first year of the disease. In 17 they detected autoantibodies against insulin at the time of assessment of the diagnosis before administration of the therapeutic insulin preparation. Fourteen patients had antibodies against the surface of islet cells (ICSA), the titre of which declined during the first year of the disease. The serum immunoglobulin level (IgG, IgM and IgA) was on average within the normal range; however, in two patients at the time of establishment of the diagnosis and in three patients after one month IgG was above normal, in eight patients the IgM level was at the time of establishment of the diagnosis above normal, one month later this was the case only in two patients and in four patients the IgA level was permanently low. During the investigation period the level of C-3 and C-4 components of the complement declined steadily and the level of circulating immune complexes increased. The mentioned deviations were not associated with the concurrent infectious disease at the time of establishment of the diagnosis or with metabolic indicators. The patients were treated the whole time by an intensified insulin regime--principle basal bolus or continuous subcutaneous infusion of single component insulin.
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PMID:[Variations in indicators of humoral immunity in type I diabetes]. 218 71

This study was performed to determine the long-term outcome of renal transplantation in 54 patients with end-stage renal failure secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and in 107 patients with renal diseases other than ADPKD or diabetes mellitus matched by gender, age, year of transplantation, and source of the allograft. The overall patient survival and patient survival with a functioning first renal allograft were similar in both groups. Infection and cardiovascular accidents were the leading causes of early and late death in both groups. No cause of death was greatly overrepresented in the ADPKD group. Serious complications from extrarenal manifestations of ADPKD following renal transplantation included a ruptured intracranial aneurysm in one patient, a dissection of the ascending thoracic aorta in one patient, and infected hepatic cysts in two patients. Neoplasia (other than skin or cervical) occurred in four ADPKD patients and in one control patient and included one lymphoma in each group. Two ADPKD and one control patient had monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance. No complications related to the retention of native kidneys were detected in 12 ADPKD patients with a mean follow-up of 3 years. Cysts were observed in the renal allografts of some patients in both groups at autopsy and in a prospective computed tomography (CT) study of the allograft. However, we failed to detect a significant difference in the occurrence and number of the cysts between ADPKD and control patients.
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PMID:Long-term outcome of renal transplantation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. 219 71

Using an historical cohort study design with a 12 year follow-up, we found that 77 Navajo adults with type II diabetes mellitus were hospitalized at a rate of 335 hospitalizations per 1000 patient years compared to a rate of 167 hospitalizations per 1000 patient years for 77 age, sex, and residence matched non-diabetic controls, yielding a risk ratio of 2.0. Using matched pairs analysis (sign test), the observed difference in number of hospital admissions is statistically significant (z = 2.30, p less than 0.05). The average duration of hospitalization, however, was not statistically different in matched pairs analysis (z = 0.95, p greater than 0.05). The 136 excess hospitalizations of the diabetic subjects included 45 admissions for poor metabolic control of diabetes, 50 excess admissions for infectious disease, and 26 excess admissions for conditions of the heart, eye, kidney, or non-traumatic amputation. In multivariate analyses, variables found to be associated with greater hospitalization experience among the 77 diabetic subjects in the 12 years follow-up period included older age at entry to the study, poorer metabolic control early in the study period, and presence of diabetic complications.
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PMID:Hospitalization experience of Navajo subjects with type II diabetes and matched controls: an historical cohort study. 221 78

This paper reviews five randomized clinical trials with unusual design or analysis features from institutes other than the National Cancer Institute or the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. These are: a Cooperative Study of Retrolental Fibroplasia sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness; the Diabetic Retinopathy Study sponsored by the National Eye Institute; the University Group Diabetes Program sponsored by the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases; a Clinical Trial of the Extracranial to Intracranial Arterial Anastomosis (EC/IC bypass) by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke; and the Clinical Trial of Hereditary Angioedema by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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PMID:Some historical and methodological developments in early clinical trials at the National Institutes of Health. 221 92

As part of an ongoing epidemiologic study, the death rate and causes of death during 1975 through 1984 were determined in Pima Indians who resided in the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) in 1965 and later. Death certificates were available for 677 of the 681 deaths. In 78% of the deaths, the underlying cause recorded on the death certificate agreed with the cause determined after review of all available relevant records. The age- and sex-adjusted average annual death rate for the GRIC population (1639/100,000) was 1.9 times (95% CI 1.7-2.0) the 1980 rate for the U.S. all races (878/100,000). In Pima males, whose death rate was substantially higher than that of Pima females, the age-adjusted death rate was 2.3 times that in U.S. males, all races. Moreover among males 25-34 years of age, the Pima death rate was 6.6 times that for the U.S. all races. Diseases of the heart and malignant neoplasms caused 59% of U.S. deaths in 1980, but only 19% of GRIC deaths. By contrast, the age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate in the GRIC Pima was 5.9 times the rate of the U.S. all races for accidents, 6.5 times for cirrhosis, 7.4 times for homicide, 4.3 times for suicide, and 11.9 times for diabetes. Tuberculosis and coccidioidomycosis were important causes of death in the Pima, for whom infectious diseases was the tenth leading cause of death. The findings indicate that programs to improve the adverse mortality experience of the GRIC population should emphasize factors related to fatal accidents, alcoholic cirrhosis, homicide, suicide, diabetes mellitus, and infectious diseases. Young Pimas, especially the males, should be the primary focus of such preventive efforts. These findings and recommendations probably apply to many Native American populations.
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PMID:Adverse mortality experience of a southwestern American Indian community: overall death rates and underlying causes of death in Pima Indians. 224 58

A variety of tubular marker proteins, as compared to healthy controls, are excreted at an increased rate in the urine of patients with renal damage. Beside cytoplasmic glutathione-S-transferase and lysosomal beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) the majority of kidney-related urine proteins derives from membrane surface components of the most vulnerable proximal tubule epithelia, among them ala-(leu-gly)-aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), the tubular portion of angiotensinase A, the major brush border glycoprotein 'SGP-240' and adenosine-deaminase-binding protein. Urinary tissue proteins, e.g. brush border (BB) microvilli, are immunologically identical with those antigens prepared from cell membranes of the human kidney itself. BB antigens are shed into the urine of patients with glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, systemic diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diabetes mellitus and multiple myeloma, arterial hypertension, infectious diseases (malaria, AIDS) and after operations, renal grafting and administration of X-ray contrast media, aminoglycosides or certain cytostatics (cis-platinum). Tissue proteinuria of tubular proteins is determined by enzyme-kinetic or quantitative immunological assays applying either poly- or monoclonal antikidney antibodies. Clinical, ultrastructural and histochemical studies support the idea that both 'soluble' and high-molecular-weight membrane particles (vacuolar blebs, greater than 10(6) dalton) as well as microfilamental components of the epithelial cytoskeleton contribute to tubular 'histuria' which appears as a sensitive parameter in monitoring tubular damage under clinical conditions at a very early phase.
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PMID:Urinary proteins of tubular origin: basic immunochemical and clinical aspects. 225 76

Our current knowledge of the long-term outcome of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women is based on a re-evaluation of the criteria for defining pyelonephritis at autopsy, careful description of the causes of renal disease among patients entering dialysis and transplant programs, long term observation of patients, and epidemiologic studies which have attempted to determine the association of bacteriuria with mortality. The weight of the evidence favors the conclusion that although urinary tract infections can produce severe impairment of renal function, this is rare in the absence of a major predisposing factor such as obstruction, calculus, reflux, abnormalities of the voiding mechanism or diabetes. The predisposing lesions, however, may go undetected until heralded by episodes of acute pyelonephritis or by renal failure. Unfortunately, urinary tract infections are so common that it is difficult to distinguish the population at greatest risk. The possible role of renal damage produced by autoimmune mechanisms following infection needs continued study.
Infection 1990
PMID:Natural history of "lower" urinary tract infections. 228 59

In the 1980 census, the "Spanish-origin" or "Hispanic" population of Suffolk County, New York (predominantly of Puerto Rican origin), had a lower median family income and a higher prevalence of poverty than the "all white" population of that county. Mortality among Hispanics, however, was not greater than expected on the basis of age-specific death rates for "all whites" in 1979-1983. The standardized mortality ratios for ischemic heart disease and all neoplasms were less than 1.00 for each sex, but were significantly elevated for diabetes mellitus in females and for both infectious diseases and homicides in males. Comparisons were made with mortality patterns in other American Hispanic populations predominantly of Puerto Rican origin, but with lower income levels (including those from New York City), and with data from Puerto Rico. The limitations of routinely reported mortality data are discussed, along with the value of such data in suggesting leads for more in-depth studies.
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PMID:Mortality in the hispanic population of Suffolk County, New York. 229 16

Since the establishment of a new social order in 1949, China's attempts to feed and nurture its large population has been a topic of serious study in many disciplines. This review focuses on dietary sources of Chinese population and incidence, increase and decline of important diet related health disorders in China during the last four decades. Literature published since 1949 on goiter, rickets, riboflavin deficiency, beri beri, vision impairment, favism, cancer, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, hypertension, dental and smoking related diseases, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, lactose intolerance, mineral deficiency, Kashin-Beck disease, parasitic diseases and genetic disorders are reviewed. Also presented selectively are reports related to ethnodietetics, health care, maternal health and pediatric care as well as longevity. In the 1980s, total caloric intake of Chinese population showed a 19% increase on a daily basis from that of late 1940s. In overall terms, plant derived foods supplied 93% of energy, 87% of protein and 55% of fat to the Chinese. Among the animal foods, pork remains the most common and least expensive form of meat, contributing more than 90% of China's total meat production excluding poultry and fish. In 1949, the life expectancy in China was only 36 years. In early 1980s, it has increased to 68 years. This increase in life expectancy is attributed mostly to improved nutrition and lowering of mortality due to decrease in infectious diseases. Though population, disease and mortality statistics of modern China are spotty and sometimes questionable, common consensus among the researchers is that since 1949 the public health situation in China has improved tremendously.
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PMID:Nutrition and health in China, 1949 to 1989. 229 45


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