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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection of immunosuppressed patients. We describe here 5 cases of mucormycosis: three with facial and eye involvement, one with lung involvement and one affecting skin and joints. All five patients had underlying diseases: diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, neoplasia and AIDS. Four patients were treated with amphotericin B and also with surgical debridement. Infection could be controlled only in two patients. Both survived but with major sequelae. In two additional patients, death was directly related to the infection and the remaining patient was lost to follow-up.
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PMID:[Infection by Mucorales fungi]. 180 50

Life expectancy and physical fitness of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunctions is highly dependent on the urine status of the patient, and on the integrity and function of the upper urinary tract. Residual urine and urine incontinence give rise to infections, a vicious circle which ends with uraemia. Following nerve disorders can be the cause of a bladder dysfunction with outflow obstruction thus bearing the risk of ascending urine infection: 1) complete or incomplete spinal cord lesion, 2) myelomeningocele, 3) diseases of the CNS, 4) peripheral neuropathy (diabetes, chronic alcoholism, infectious diseases), 5) effect or side-effect of medications. An infravesical obstruction can occur at the alpha-adrenergic receptor site, at the level of the bladder neck or at the level of the striated external sphincter. The latter condition was termed detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia. Instrumental bladder emptying for prevention of UTI can be achieved by: 1) catheterisation, 2) intermittent self catheterisation, 3) indwelling catheter--should be avoided for long term drainage, 4) suprapubic bladder drainage (cystocath)--the best treatment option for emptying the bladder and to avoid infections.
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PMID:[Neurogenic bladder as a cause of urinary tract infection]. 181 97

Dengue fever is an acute and infectious disease produced by a togavirus. This clinical syndrome being benign or severe like the Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), has been associated with a very high mortality rate specifically in children with different ages and those under 1 year of age from mothers having antibodies to dengue virus. Other groups with potential risk factors are those patients with chronic diseases like asthma, sickle cell anaemia and diabetes mellitus. Dengue virus show a highly tropism for endothelial reticulum system as the bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes where viral antigens can be demonstrated by several immunological methods. The pathogenesis of the DHF/DSS can be considered to result from a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction where antigen-activated T lymphocytes release a variety of biologically active chemical mediators (lymphokines) with further effects on blood clotting system and vascular permeability producing the symptoms of shock and hemorrhage seen in these cases. The rapid control and hospitalization of the patients allow them to get a fast recovery without any sequelae.
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PMID:[Dengue. A review]. 182 23

The primary aim of the study was to evaluate practice differences in reported morbidity in the second and third national morbidity surveys (1970/71, 1981/82) and to discuss their cause. A secondary aim concerned the validation of trends identified from analysis of the data from the total populations in the practices. Altogether 19 practices participated in both surveys. Annual prevalences (that is, the number of patients attending the general practitioner with a condition per 1000 persons at risk) were examined for: all conditions; each of three categories of seriousness of disease; diseases aggregated by chapter of the International classification of diseases; and each of 130 rubrics of the disease classification. Annual prevalence for 'all conditions' was approximately the same for males in both surveys, whereas for females there was an increase. In both sexes, annual prevalence for 'serious conditions' increased slightly and for 'trivial conditions' increased substantially. For 'intermediate conditions', there was a modest decrease in males. In the analysis at ICD chapter level, substantial increases in prevalence occurred in infectious diseases, nervous system diseases, circulatory diseases, genitourinary diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions, injuries and poisonings. Decreases were found in blood diseases, mental disorders and digestive diseases. Among 130 individual conditions examined, increased annual prevalence was found for mumps, fungal infections, hypothyroidism, diabetes, gout, senile dementia, angina, left heart failure, catarrh, hay fever and asthma, orchitis, acne, osteoarthritis and for some symptoms. Decreases were found for iron deficiency anaemia, anxiety state, refractive errors, haemorrhoids, chronic bronchitis, functional disorders of the stomach, carbuncle and skin infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in practice morbidity between the 1970 and 1981 national morbidity surveys. 187 71

To address the mechanisms of tolerance to extrathymic proteins, we have generated transgenic mice expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) in the beta islet cells of the pancreas. The fate of LCMV GP-specific T cells was followed by breeding the GP transgenic mice with T cell receptor transgenic mice, specific for LCMV and H-2Db. These studies suggest that "peripheral tolerance" of self-reactive T cells does not involve clonal deletion, clonal anergy, or a decrease in the density of T cell receptors or accessory molecules. Instead, this model indicates that self-reactive cytotoxic T cells may remain functionally unresponsive, owing to a lack of appropriate T cell activation. Infection of transgenic mice with LCMV readily abolishes peripheral unresponsiveness to the self LCMV GP antigen, resulting in a CD8+ T cell-mediated diabetes. These data suggest that similar mechanisms may operate in several so-called "T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases."
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PMID:Ablation of "tolerance" and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice. 190 64

Diabetes educators should lead individuals and communities in recommended needle-disposal practice, not only to promote safety but also to advocate the right of persons with diabetes to be disassociated from the fear of infectious disease prevalent in today's society.
Diabetes Educ
PMID:Diabetes educators encourage safe needle practice. 190 8

Epidemiology can be broadly defined as the study of the cause and distribution of diseases in human populations. This review is concerned with the role of epidemiology in elucidating the cause of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Methodological aspects of epidemiologic studies are discussed including study designs and their limitations. Markers of genetic susceptibility to IDDM are examined in terms of their potential value for selecting high risk individuals for prospective follow-up studies of IDDM etiology. Models of disease causation pertinent to IDDM are presented with a primary focus on the recently developed epigenesis theory. Finally, a framework is provided that integrates approaches of infectious disease, chronic disease and genetic epidemiology, to link epidemiologic data with information from other disciplines, such as genetics, microbiology or immunology.
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PMID:The changing face of the epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): research designs and models of disease causation. 193 Sep 39

The authors analyzed epidemiological data of 157 type I diabetes patients living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mean age at the time of study 16 +/- 8.1 years (arithmetic mean +/- standard deviation) and the age at the time of the diagnosis was 12.5 +/- 7.4 years. The diabetes history span was 3.1 +/- 4.3 years and the interval between appearance of symptoms and diagnosis was 30.7 +/- 30.4 days. Neither seasonal nor sex dependent differences were observed, but there was an inverse correlation between the average monthly temperature in Rio de Janeiro and the number of newly diagnosed cases. A first grade family history was positive in 15.9% of patients (11% of type I diabetes). The autoimmunity history was positive in 4.1% of patients (mainly thyroid disease). An infectious disease history was positive in 7% of patients (mainly mumps). Our data suggests that some epidemiological aspects, observed among type I brazilian diabetic patients of a mixed genetic background, are similar to those observed in other populational groups of different ethnic origins.
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PMID:[Analysis of various epidemiological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus type I in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. 196 72

A situation in which virus can be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent a lethal autoimmune disease is explored. Nonobese insulin-dependent diabetes (NOD) mice spontaneously develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into the islets of Langerhans and beta cell destruction, resulting in hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. Infection of NOD mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) aborts the autoimmune manifestations and resultant IDDM. The viruses' effect is on a subset of CD4+ lymphocytes. Ablating this autoimmune diabetes does not significantly alter immune responses to a variety of non-LCMV antigens that require CD4+ lymphocyte participation. The prevention of IDDM associated with viral therapy is maintained throughout the life spans of NOD mice.
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PMID:Viruses as therapeutic agents. I. Treatment of nonobese insulin-dependent diabetes mice with virus prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus while maintaining general immune competence. 197 80

In a prospective randomized study, the efficacy and safety of 1 and 2 g of cefodizime administered as single intramuscular injections were compared in a total of 50 women having either complicated or uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (LUTI). Bacteriological culture of urine and safety laboratory tests were performed before and after treatment. 18/25 patients in the 1 g cefodizime group and 22/25 in the 2 g cefodizime group showed satisfactory clinical and bacteriological response to treatment. The inadequately treated patients all had complicating factors on entry to the study (residual urine in six cases, a bladder malignancy in two, neurogenic bladder and diabetes mellitus with glucosuria in one case each). Cefodizime proved efficacious in female patients with uncomplicated LUTI, as well as in those aged over 65 years, patients having mild renal insufficiency, mild glucosuria, unsuccessful oral antibiotic pretreatment or recurrent and postoperative infections. In no case were there any systemic adverse reactions to cefodizime or clinically significant changes in laboratory tests.
Infection
PMID:A randomized, dose comparison study of cefodizime in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections in women. 205 Apr 25


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