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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients suffering from solitary cryofibrinogenaemia are described. In one patient idiopathic cryofibrinogenaemia was present, while the others showed secondary cryofibrinogenaemia associated with borrelia infection, chronic venous insufficiency with pulmonary embolism, primary biliary cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus or von-Willebrand syndrome. Subcutaneous injections of the thrombin-like snake poison batroxobin/ancrod were administered over a period of several weeks. Five patients experienced almost complete remission of their symptoms, especially of pain following cold exposure. In one patient partial relief was achieved. Overall we found a 75% reduction of symptoms. When blood fibrinogen levels are carefully monitored this therapy is an efficient and safe form of treatment for cryofibrinogenaemia.
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PMID:[Cryofibrinogenemia--successful therapy by decreasing fibrinogen]. 186 Jul 98

Based upon in vivo rat experiments it was recently suggested that interleukin 1 in the circulation may be implicated in the initial events of beta-cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in humans. The aim of the present study was to estimate half-lives of distribution (T1/2 alpha) and elimination phases (T1/2 beta) of human recombinant interleukin 1 beta (rIL-1 beta), and its tissue distribution and cellular localization by means of mono-labelled, biologically active 125I-rIL-1 beta. After intravenous (i.v.) injection, 125I-rIL-1 beta was eliminated from the circulation with a T1/2 alpha of 2.9 min and a T1/2 beta of 41.1 min. The central and peripheral volume of distribution was 20.7 and 19.1 ml/rat, respectively, and the metabolic clearance rate was 16.9 ml/min/kg. The kidney and liver showed the highest accumulation of tracer, and autoradiography demonstrated that 125I-rIL-1 beta was localized to the proximal tubules in the kidney and to the hepatocytes in the liver. Furthermore, grains were localized to the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Tracer-bound proteins corresponding to intact 125I-rIL-1 beta were found in the circulation after i.v., intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injections, as demonstrated by high performance size exclusion chromatography, trichloracetic acid precipitation and SDS-PAGE until 5 h after tracer injection. Pre-treatment with 'cold' rIL-1 beta enhanced degradation of a subsequent injection of tracer. The route of administration was of importance for the biological effects of rIL-1 beta, as demonstrated by a reduced food intake, increased rectal temperature and blood glucose after s.c. injection of rIL-1 beta compared with i.p. The present demonstration of intact rIL-1 beta in the circulation and the islets of Langerhans supports the hypothesis that systemic IL-1 beta may be involved in the initial beta-cell destruction leading to IDDM in humans.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics, distribution and degradation of human recombinant interleukin 1 beta in normal rats. 194 95

Previous studies have shown that the yield and viability of islets obtained from human or large mammal pancreas depends upon techniques used for islet isolation and upon factors that affect the quality of the donor pancreas. In the present studies, the efficacy of collagenase digestion by ductal perfusion or automated techniques was compared in a canine model of purified islet isolation. The ductal perfusion technique was then developed for human pancreas which was excised before (n = 8) or after (n = 8) multiple organ procurement and without in situ arterial perfusion of hypothermic preservation solution or significant cold storage. Studies with canine pancreas showed that ductal perfusion yielded 2.0 +/- 0.7 microL of islets/g of pancreas and when combined with automated digestion, yields improved to 3.6 +/- 0.8 microL/g (versus perfusion alone, not significant). The yield and viability of human islets was improved when the pancreas was excised before procurement of other donor organs. Results of islet isolation from eight consecutive human pancreases procured in this manner revealed a total yield of 355.2 +/- 44 x 10(3) islets, corresponding to 5345 +/- 600 islets/g (+/- SEM, mean islet diameter 150 microns). Six of eight Ficoll purification attempts succeeded, yielding 186.6 +/- 31 x 10(3) islets of purity ranging from 45-60%. Perifusion with glucose elicited biphasic insulin secretion with a three-fold rise. Islets from two of the isolations were utilized to initiate a clinical trial of islet transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Isolation of purified large mammal and human islets of Langerhans. 196 80

Overweight and obesity may develop in individuals with genetically determined low resting energy expenditure. Drugs are among the recognised precipitating factors. The obesity promoting impact of beta-blockers is, however, less well known. Resting energy expenditure, and thermogenesis induced by stimuli such as meals, cold and heat exposure, stress and anxiety, have a facultative component mediated by the sympathoadrenal system through catecholamines working on beta-adrenoceptors. Treatment with beta-blockers reduces the facultative thermogenesis by 50-100 kcal/d, which corresponds to the weight gain of 2-5 kg/year reported in clinical trials. Treatment with beta-blockers also results in insulin resistance, which may aggravate existing diabetes and elicit diabetes in predisposed patients. Overweight and obesity are frequently complicated with hypertension and angina pectoris, which are often treated with beta-blockers. Obesity is associated with a defective sympathetic activity, and treatment with beta-blockers may further reduce facultative thermogenesis and promote weight gain. The consequence may be aggravation of hypertension, insulin resistance and other atherogenic factors. The causal therapy of android overweight and obesity complicated with diabetes or hypertension is a sufficient weight loss. If pharmacological treatment is inevitable, combined treatment with diuretics and ACE-inhibitors are most appropriate.
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PMID:[Obesity and diabetes as side-effects of beta-blockers]. 197 28

Severe structural changes leading to marked alterations in secretory activity are known to occur in the pituitary-thyroid axis 1 month after induction of postpuberal streptozocin (SZ)-diabetes. However, SZ-diabetic rats of different age groups have not been compared, nor has the maturity of the pituitary and thyroid glands at the onset of diabetes been correlated with the type and evolution of functional and structural changes. We thus induced diabetes in 1-month (prepuberal of 3-month (postpuberal) old male rats and compared diabetic with control groups 4 and 8 months after SZ or saline injection. We determined: 1) pituitary and thyroid weights, 2) the basal plasma TSH, T3, and T4 concentrations, and 3) several morphometrical measurements in the pituitary and thyroid glands. After 4 months, 1) the pituitary and thyroid weights were decreased, 2) plasma TSH and T3 were unchanged, plasma T4 was reduced. and 3) the number of thyrotropes, degenerative changes of follicle cells, and colloid area were increased, the follicle cell height as well as the number of fused cold follicles decreased, and the follicle area was unchanged in diabetic compared with control rats. The lesions were more conspicuous in pre- than in postpuberal diabetic animals. After 8 months, plasma TSH, T3, and T4 were decreased in diabetic compared with control rats. Except for the increased colloid area, all other lesions were similar, though more severe in prepuberal diabetic rats after 8 than 4 months. Few changes were found in postpuberal diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The age at onset of diabetes influences functional and structural changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis of streptozocin-diabetic male rats. 198 Jan 70

This study compared effects of an active coping task (computerized stressors involving arithmetic, anagrams, and Atari games) and a passive coping task (cold pressor) on gastrointestinal transit time and glycemic response to an oral glucose load. Eleven normal weight males were studied; subjects participated in three counterbalanced sessions, each including a 45-minute baseline, 20-minute experimental period (active coping, passive coping, or nonstress control) and 2.5-hour recovery period. The stressors produced different cardiovascular and catecholamine responses; systolic and diastolic blood pressure were highest during cold pressor (p less than 0.001), heart rate was highest during computer stressor (p less than 0.001), and norepinephrine excretion was greatest during cold pressor (p less than 0.002). However, both stressors delayed gastrointestinal transit time compared with the control condition (p less than 0.009 and p less than 0.026 for cold pressor and computerized stressor, respectively) and both delayed the time of peak glucose response (p less than 0.002 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Implications of these findings for patients with diabetes and for effects of stress on eating behavior are discussed.
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PMID:The effect of laboratory stressors on glycemic control and gastrointestinal transit time. 203 Oct 67

Methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas (MCA-S) have different growth patterns in diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (ND) rats. Diabetes delays the early phase of tumor growth and prolongs survival. This study evaluated MCA-S growth and its relation to insulin receptors (IR) and glucose uptake. Fisher 344 rats 150-200 g were assigned to two groups: Diabetic tumor bearers (DTB, n = 26) and nondiabetic tumor bearers (NDTB, n = 18). Diabetes was induced with iv streptozocin (40 mg/kg); MCA-S was inoculated (1 X 10(6) cells) subcutaneously 10 days later. Animals were sacrificed during early growth (tumor volume less than or equal to 20 cc) or logarithmic growth (tumor volume greater than 20 cc). IR assay was performed (0-10(5) ng/ml cold insulin, 25 X 10(3) cpm/tube A14 125I-insulin, 90 min, 15 degrees C, pH 7.8) on a single cell preparation. Serum glucose milligrams per deciliter and insulin nanograms per milliliter were assayed. Glucose uptake (dpm/g tissue/hr) was assayed 2 hr after an ip injection of 0.5 microCi 3-O[14C]methylglucose. Diabetic, tumor-bearing animals had a significantly increased number of insulin receptors at the small [less than or equal to 20 cc, 28.7 (D) vs 8.3 (ND)] and large [greater than 20 cc, 82.8 (D) vs 27.8 (ND)] tumor volumes. Glucose uptake was increased in the tumor at both volumes in the non-diabetic animals compared to the diabetic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in insulin receptors on methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma during growth. 219 Nov 69

Measurements of initial glucose entry rate and intracellular glucose concentration in cultured cells are difficult because of rapid transport relative to intracellular volume and a substantial extracellular space from which glucose cannot be completely removed by quick exchanges of medium. In 3T3-L1 cells, we obtained good estimates of initial entry of [14C]methylglucose and D-[14C]glucose with 1) L-[3H]glucose as an extracellular marker together with the [14C]glucose or [14C]methylglucose in the substrate mixture, 2) sampling times as short as 2 s, 3) ice-cold phloretin-containing medium to stop uptake and rinse away the extracellular label, and 4) nonlinear regression of time courses. Methylglucose equilibrated in two phases--the first with a half-time of 1.7 s and the second with a half-time of 23 s; it eventually equilibrated in an intracellular space of 8 microliters/mg protein. Entry of glucose remained almost linear for 10 s, making its transport kinetics easier to study (Km = 5.7 mM, Vmax = 590 nmol.s-1.ml-1 cell water). Steady-state intracellular glucose concentration was 75-90% of extracellular glucose concentration. Cells grown in a high-glucose medium (24 mM) exhibited a 67% reduction of glucose-transport activity and a 50% reduction of steady-state ratio of intracellular glucose to extracellular glucose.
Diabetes 1990 Oct
PMID:Evidence that downregulation of hexose transport limits intracellular glucose in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. 221 75

Thermal testing was carried out on 55 healthy subjects in order to establish normal results and reproducibility of warm and cold thresholds. Diurnal variations of thresholds were investigated in a further 30 normal subjects. Then the sensitivity of different testing procedures was investigated in 33 patients with diabetes mellitus, but without severe polyneuropathy. Forced choice testing takes 6 times longer than the method of limits, and the results are not considerably different. It is thought that the forced choice algorithm does not provide a method for clinical routine. Another new approach, the double random staircase method, may help to exclude bias without taking too much time.
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PMID:Thermal discrimination thresholds: a comparison of different methods. 222 Mar 12

Thermal thresholds were measured in the left forearms of 26 healthy subjects and 10 patients with diabetes mellitus during ischaemic compression block. During the period when ischaemic block of large fibres caused paraesthesia and loss of touch sensation, the cold threshold rose in normals. The cold threshold was less clearly elevated and the warm perception remained unaltered by ischaemia in diabetics. These results show that not only large afferent and efferent nerve fibres but also thinly myelinated A delta and unmyelinated C fibres are resistant to ischaemia in the diabetic nerve.
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PMID:Resistance to ischaemia of small afferent nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus. 223 Aug 43


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