Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolic and biochemical adaptations were compared in streptozotocin-diabetic and nondiabetic control rats exposed for 24 hours to a cold environment (4 degrees C) or hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude = 12,000 ft). In the cold, diabetic rats had greater reductions in adrenal norepinephrine (NE) and greater elevations in urinary NE and epinephrine excretion. However, diabetics did not increase food intake, whereas cold-exposed nondiabetic rats did. 5-HT turnover was reduced in hypothalamus and elevated in brain stem in both diabetics and nondiabetics. Responses to hypoxia were different. Both diabetics and nondiabetics reduced food and water intake and had elevated plasma glucose concentrations. Diabetics had elevated urinary NE excretion. Hypothalamic NE concentration and dopamine turnover were significantly reduced by hypoxia. Brain stem 5-HT turnover was also reduced in nondiabetics but not in diabetics. Thus, diabetics had a different response profile to the environmental stressors than nondiabetics. In addition, the two stressors elicited different responses. Some stressors may be more debilitating in diabetics. The greater reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in diabetics suggests a mechanism by which stress leads to increased risk of metabolic complications in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Altered responses to environmental stress in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 169 36

In an attempt to identify novel pancreatic beta-cell surface antigens, mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were raised against rat insulinoma (RIN5F) cells with standard techniques. Several clones were identified whose antibodies bound specifically to RIN5F cells but not to other rat, mouse, and human target cells. Each of these MoAbs was radiolabeled, and the specificity of binding of each MoAb was determined by the ability of excess cold homologous MoAb to displace the labeled MoAb. Six RIN5F cell-specific MoAbs of different epitopic specificities were identified. The relevance of these beta-cell epitopes to human insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) was demonstrated by the differential ability of human serums from control and diabetic children to displace the radiolabeled MoAbs from the RIN5F cells. Serums from 333 children without diabetes or a family history of diabetes and from 156 newly diagnosed IDDM patients were tested. Only one IgM MoAb was specifically displaced by the IDDM serums, i.e., 146 of 156, compared to serums from control children, i.e., 10 of 333. With immunofluorescence, the serum component responsible for the displacement of the mouse MoAb was identified as IgG. Most of the positive control serums were from children with active autoimmune thyroiditis. Serums from children with other forms of glucose intolerance did not displace MoAb 1A2. There was no correlation between age and the degree of displacement of 1A2. Thus, the displacement of 1A2 is a specific and sensitive marker of diabetes susceptibility easily applicable to mass screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1990 Oct
PMID:Strong association between diabetes and displacement of mouse anti-rat insulinoma cell monoclonal antibody by human serum in vitro. 169 75

Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, was evaluated clinically for its ability to ameliorate the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes. In an open, nonrandomized trial, 13 diabetic patients with neuropathy but without proliferative retinopathy received an intravenous infusion of Iloprost at a dose of 10 micrograms, at a rate of 0.1 micrograms/kg/h, twice daily for two weeks. The administration of Iloprost relieved the majority of such subjective symptoms as pain, numbness or sensation of cold and to a lesser extent, such autonomic symptoms as dizziness. In contrast, there was little evidence of objective improvement, e.g., in motor nerve conduction velocity. Iloprost treatment significantly inhibited the platelet aggregation rate stimulated by collagen in vitro. In the one patient tested, thermography revealed an increase in skin temperature by more than 2 degrees C. Side effects associated with Iloprost included headache (3 patients) or aggravation of pain in the extremities (2 patients) and could be ameliorated by slowing the infusion rate or by discontinuing the drug (one patient). Iloprost appears to be safe and effective for relieving the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Our results provide the rationale for a double-blind, clinical trial in larger populations of diabetics with peripheral neuropathy.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of a stable prostacyclin analog, iloprost, in diabetic neuropathy. 170 9

The medical records of six cases of nesidioblastosis were examined to determine the diagnostic approach, treatment, and neurologic sequelae. All six patients were male, and their ages at the onset of the disease ranged from one day to six months (mean 3.36 +/- 2.5 mo.). Initial clinical features were seizure, cyanosis, poor feeding, and apnea. Other subsequent symptoms were developmental delay, hyperactivity, and cold sweating. The Birth weight of the neonatal onset group was heavier than the postneonatal onset group (4.4 +/- 0.3 vs 3.26 +/- 0.04 kg). Before the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism, steroids of ACTH proved effective for seizure control. Initially, hyperinsulinemia (serum insulin greater than 10 microU/ml) was detected in four cases, but another two cases also showed hyperinsulinism by insulin/glucose(I/G) ratio greater than 0.3 during the fasting test. The glucagon response performed in 2 cases, showed normal and partial responses. Euglycemia was obtained by near total pancreatectomy (95% pancreatic resection)without malabsorption or persistent diabetes. In one case, nesidioblastoma coexisted with nesidioblastosis. Developmental delay was noted in three cases. In this group, the mean duration between symptom onset and operation was longer than the group without developmental delay (1.25 +/- 0.47 vs 0.38 +/- 0.19 yr).
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PMID:A study on nesidioblastosis in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia--diagnosis, treatment, and neurologic sequelae. 171 Sep 1

1. Adult male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ: 55 mg/kg) for inducing diabetes. Then blood and atria for RNA extraction were withdrawn from rats treated 3 and 11 weeks previously with STZ respectively. Atrial total RNA were extracted with cold phenol method. The ANP mRNA contents were determined using Dot blot hybridization technique with alpha-32-P-labelled r-prepro ANP cDNA probe. 2. Plasma glucose was increased and plasma immunoreactive insulin was lowered in rats at 3 and 11 weeks after injection of STZ. ANP gene expression in diabetic rats was depressed. ANP mRNA contents in rats treated 3 and 11 weeks with STZ were 86.4% and 31.7% of that of control rats. 3. Three weeks after treatment of STZ, the rats were gastrically perfused with FOC (Fish Oil Compound) (0.355 ml/kg) once a day successively until 11 weeks. This treatment induces lower blood pressure in rats. ANP gene expression in FOC group was apparently recovered which had been decreased because of the effect of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:The effects of streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus and fish oil compound on gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat. 171 56

The pathophysiology of peripheral circulatory disturbance in patients presenting with vibration syndrome was studied from the viewpoint of blood coagulation. Plasma levels of fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex (PIC) were measured in 23 subjects who showed no evidence of vibration-induced white finger [VWF(-) group] and in 24 patients who presented with VWF [VWF(+) group]. In the VWF(-) group, plasma FN concentrations were elevated but plasma TAT and PIC levels were within the normal ranges. In the VWF(+) group, plasma FN concentrations were normal but plasma TAT and PIC levels were significantly elevated. In both groups, plasma VN concentrations were similar to those in normal controls. For purposes of comparison, 32 patients presenting with diabetes mellitus were also studied. They were divided into 2 groups, 13 subjects who showed no evidence of angiopathy [complication(-) group] and 19 patients who presented with angiopathy [complication(+) group]. In the complication(+) group, plasma TAT and PIC concentrations were significantly elevated, as in the VWF(+) group. These results suggest that in vibration syndrome, vibration, cold stimulus, or other factors first injure the vascular endothelium, resulting in a rise in plasma FN, and that in the VWF(+) group, augmentation of coagulation and fibrinolysis induces a state of compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
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PMID:Activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in vibration syndrome. 172 Jul 65

The assessment of cutaneous thresholds for thermal sensation is now recognized as a valuable method to detect small nerve fibre function in diabetes. Methods commonly used do not allow separate measurements of warm and cold perception. However, there is evidence that the fibre subtypes which signal cold and warm sensation are different (A-delta-fibres and C-fibres, respectively). To investigate if diabetes affects cold and warm sensation equally, thresholds were assessed separately in 30 diabetic patients (age 47.9 +/- 15.1 (+/- SD) years; duration of diabetes, 19.1 +/- 13.3 years). Comparisons were made with 71 non-diabetic control subjects (age 59.7 +/- 22.1 years). Thermal discrimination thresholds for cold and warm sensation were determined for the left foot with a two-alternative forced choice method. In both diabetic patients and in the control group cooling thresholds were smaller than warming thresholds. In diabetic patients log thermal discrimination thresholds for warmth increased 0.1 per decade (p less than 0.001), a relationship comparable to that seen in non-diabetic patients. There was no relationship between cooling thresholds and age in diabetic patients despite a significant (p less than 0.001) deterioration with age in control subjects. This difference in the influence of age on cold sensitivity was significant (p less than 0.03). Both warm and cold sensation were not related to the duration of diabetes. We conclude that assessment of warm threshold is preferred for the detection of minor disturbances of small nerve fibre function in diabetes.
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PMID:Cold and warm cutaneous sensation in diabetic patients. 182 63

Cutaneous capillary flow (tip of the 3rd right finger) was measured with a laser Doppler (Periflux, Perimed), in 100 healthy volunteers without any history of hypertensive or vasospatic diseases, 15 females smoke and were taking contraceptive drugs. Smokers (n = 16 M, 25 F) stopped smoking 3 hours before the study. Basal laser Doppler flux (BLDF), amplitude of vasomotion waves (AV), post-occlusive reactive hyperthermia peakflow (F Max), difference between BLDF and F Max (delta F Max), time to reach 50 percent of the initial value (t1/2 r) and total recovery (tr), t Max (peak of over-shoot) and t/2 over shoot were measured. F Max after heating stimulus (40 degrees) (f Max H), delta F Max H (difference between BLDF and F Max H) and t Max H time (mn) to reach F Max H were measured before a cold stimulus was applied. Results were expressed in arbitrary units (cvolts), BLDF showed inter-individual variation but was reproducible over months in the same subject. The basal flux was statistically different between males (352.7 +/- 21.7) and females (249.6 +/- 22.4). Spontaneous vasomotion waves and different times (in sec.) to reach the peak after three minutes of arterial occlusion could be measured with this technique. These normal range of values can allow comparison and assessment of variations in pathological conditions, mainly Raynaud's phenomenon, high blood pressure, diabetes, smokers, sickle-cell anemia. Acute pharmacological tests can be carried out with drugs showing specific action on microcirculation and spontaneous vasomotion.
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PMID:[Cutaneous microvascular flow studied by laser-Doppler. A study of 100 healthy volunteers]. 183 92

Most ischemic heart disease in associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis. A small subset of patients, however, had angina pectoris despite angiographically normal coronary arteries and absence of inducible coronary spasm. Coronary microcirculation (i.e. arteries too small to be visualized by current angiographic techniques) has been identified as the weak point of these patients. Small coronary vessel involvement may be due to organic conditions (such as diabetes, vasculitis, systemic collagen-vascular diseases, infectious processes) that act through coronary thrombosis or embolism and related alteration in coronary vasomotion; alternatively, the vascular abnormality appears to be entirely functional (no ultrastructural myocardial changes) such as the case of hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and syndrome X. Whatever the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of the small coronary artery involvement, this leads to myocardial ischemia and to the related complications as in classic atherosclerotic heart disease. Syndrome X is characterized by effort-induced angina pectoris, ST-segment changes during exercise testing, negative ergonovine test and reduced coronary reserve. A pre-arteriolar hypersensitivity to vasoconstrictor influences (elicited by cold pressor test or ergonovine) and a reduced vasodilator capacity (unmasked by metabolic and pharmacological studies) have been proposed as potential pathogenetic substrate. This dynamic alteration in vasomotion would answer for both symptoms and signs of myocardial ischemia, that, however, appear to be contemporarily elicitable in a minority of patients. Treatment with beta-blockers and calcium-antagonists has been found to be effective. The long-term follow-up shows favorable outcome with a high survival rate and a low incidence of cardiovascular events.
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PMID:[Angina due to microvascular pathology]. 184 63

Thermal sensitivity was studied in 280 type I diabetic patients and in 75 control subjects. Warm and cool thresholds, temperature sensitivity limen (difference between warm and cold thresholds, TSL), and hot and cold pain thresholds were quantitated on the skin of the index finger, hand, foot and medial calf. The diabetic group had mean values that were significantly different from controls in all variables except the pain thresholds in the upper extremity. TSL was the most sensitive parameter, being abnormal in 57, 63, 79 and 78% of patients in the four skin sites tested. Hot pain sensitivity was abnormal in 37, 21, 39 and 26% of patients in the same sites. Thermal sensitivity abnormalities were more frequently observed than abnormalities in motor and sensory nerve conduction studies. Thermal tests correlated with the duration of the diabetes, although there were abnormalities at all stages of the disease. The results show that diabetic neuropathy has a variable presentation in different types of nerve fibres.
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PMID:Evaluation of thermal and pain sensitivity in type I diabetic patients. 184 71


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