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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two outbreaks of Cl. perfringens food poisoning which occurred in Florence during 1976 have been described. The first one involved three hundred primary school children; processed re-heated turkey meat was thought to have been the vehicle of infection in the school meal. The clinical symptoms consisted of mild diarrhoea in all cases and the duration of the illness was about 12 hours. The possible part played by food storage temperature, post-cooking periods and food trolleys in the spread of infection is discussed. The other outbreak interested three people who ate a dish with gravy in a restaurant; one of these suffered severe haemorrhagic enteritis and died after two weeks. Necroscopy was performed and the results of post-mortem examination as well as histological and bacteriological findings certified that the cause of death was severe enteritis (Necrotizing enteritis) in elderly debilitated patient (with diabetes, chronic bronchitis, arteriosclerosis and previously gastroresected).
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PMID:[Two outbreaks of "Clostridium perfringens" food poisoning: epidemiological remarks (author's transl)]. 20 62

After a control period on a placebo, 45 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were treated with metoprolol, 100 mg twice daily alone and in free combination with chlorthalidone 50 mg daily using a double-blind crossover technique. The beta-blocker alone induced a significant fall in blood pressure; the diastolic pressure was reduced to 100 mg Hg or less in 37 of the 45 patients and to 95 mm Hg or less in 19 patients. The addition of chlorthalidone enhanced the antihypertensive effect so that in 33 patients diastolic pressure fell to 95 mm Hg or less. The drugs were well tolerated even by a small number of patients with chronic bronchitis and diabetes mellitus. None of the patients developed cardiac failure. Adding a diuretic caused a small reduction in serum potassium concentrations, and the relevance of this observation is discussed.
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PMID:Metoprolol with and without chlorthalidone in hypertension. 36 33

In a retrospective survey of 1,118 admissions for acute ischemic heart disease (AIHD) at St. Luke's Hospital in Malta in 1963-72, there were 945 (84.5%) cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 173 (15.5%) cases of acute coronary insufficiency (ACI). The proportion of patients with diabetes was 30.2% (30.7% in AMI, and 27.7% in ACI; age-corrected rates at greater than or equal to 40 years). This was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the corresponding rate of diabetes (20.2%) in the general population of Malta. There was a significantly greater prevalence of diabetes among women than among men with AIHD: the proportion with diabetes was 50.0% among women with AMI and 41.3 among women with ACI. The diabetes was mostly of the maturity-onset type. The high frequency of AIHD among diabetics seemed to be chiefly attributable to the effects of the diabetic state, either directly or indirectly through its association with other risk factors: obesity, physical inactivity, excessive eating and high plasma cholesterol levels. Diastolic hypertension and chronic bronchitis and emphysema associated withe heavy smoking were no more common in diabetics than in nondiabetics with AMI.
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PMID:Diabetes as a coronary risk factor in Malta. 66 17

The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis in a series of 4,498 consecutive cataract operations, performed in a period of 10 years, was examined and found to equal 0.533%. Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was done in two cases and revealed Staphylococcus albus to be the causative organism in both instances. Conjunctival cultures were recovered in a further 17 cases, and showed S. albus in pure culture in eight cases and in combination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteous morgani in two cases. Streptococcus haemolyticus was isolated in pure culture in one case, while the cultures from six other patients were negative. The role of such factors as age, diabetes mellitus, chronic bronchitis, "weak ocular tissue", and persurgical complications which predisposed to postoperative infections was examined and found to have no significance on the occurrence of endophthalmitis in the present study. The visual end results were assessed and showed a better prognosis than generally expected. Of 24 cases, five achieved good visual acuity (6/6-6/12), 13 had a useful vision (6/18-6/60), while five remained actually blind (less than 6/60). In only one case was the eye enucleated. Methods of treatment and prophylaxis are described and discussed. A total suppression or elimination of all regional bacteria at the time of surgery seems to be the logical goal.
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PMID:Endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. A study of 24 cases in 4,498 operations. 80 83

The mortality experience of 5971 members of the British Diabetic Association (BDA) was followed-up for between five and eight years to mid-1973. Overall, 1207 deaths occurred compared with 778 expected from the mortality of the population of England and Wales in 1972. This excess of deaths was due almost entirely to diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease. Deaths from cancer (128) were significantly fewer than expected (168), mainly because of a deficit in the number of deaths from cancers related to smoking (cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, respiratory system, and bladder). There was also a lower than expected mortality from chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Data on saccharin consumption by BDA members showed that more than half of them used saccharin tablets daily, with an overall daily intake of three to six tablets, depending on age and sex. Information on a small sample of survivors from the mortality study suggested that about 23% of them would have taken saccharin daily for 10 years or more and 10% for 25 years or more by the end of the follow-up. It was concluded that these relatively high levels of saccharin intake had not increased the risk of cancer in general among BDA members.
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PMID:Cancer mortality and saccharin consumption in diabetics. 97 34

186 patients with periarthritis of the shoulder have been studied. The sex ratio was female:male, 1-52:1. The peak age of onset was 54-59 years in both sexes. Over 40% of the patients were referred to the clinic after 6 months had elapsed from the time of onset of the disease. The right shoulder was more frequently involved than the left, particularly in the men. One shoulder only was affected in 75% of patients. There was frequently a previous history of 'rheumatism' before the episode of periarthritis. In one-third of the women 'nonspecific rheumatism' had occurred. Cervicobrachial pain and a previous episode of shoulder pain had occurred more often in the women. There were a number of associated diseases, ischaemic heart disease, thyroid disease among women, diabetes among women, hemiplegia, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and epilepsy. Acute trauma was rarely a precipitating factor. Manual workers were more frequently seen than sedentary workers in the sample, and there were more in the sample than in the general population of Leeds. The general psychological background was no different from a control group. The Maudsley Personality Inventory gave no different results among patients with periarthritis of the shoulder than among a control group and among the general population. It is suggested that there is no evidence in this study for a 'periarthritic personality'. It is suggested that the cause of periarthritis of the shoulder is likely to be related to chronic trauma occurring in an age range when changes in connective tissue are occurring. Certain associated diseases may predispose the patient to this disorder.
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PMID:Periarthritis of the shoulder. I. Aetiological considerations with particular reference to personality factors. 98 1

The Tokelau Island Migrant Study has shown no important differences between those who subsequently left their home islands to migrate to New Zealand and those who remained, in key anthropometric and biochemical variables already reported. This comparison is now extended to various common diseases and conditions, and again no major difference emerges. The Tokelauans are compared with other Polynesians and shown to have less diabetes, hypertension, effort pain, chronic bronchitis and varicose veins than New Zealand Maoris, while resembling some Cook Island groups. Changes in prevalences of some conditions following migration are postulated.
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PMID:The Tokelau Island migrant study: prevalence of various conditions before migration. 108 34

Sixty hospitalised patients receiving treatment for tuberculosis, diabetes or chronic bronchitis and who had iron-deficiency anaemia (Hb levels less than 12.5g./100 ml.) were entered in a between-patient comparative study of a new, fast-release iron capsule ('Eryfer') and a standard slow-release iron tablet ('Ferro-Gradumet'). Patients were allocated to either drug at random and recived either 2 capsules (100 mg. elemental iron) or 1 tablet (105 mg. elemental iron) daily for 30 days. Haemoglobin levels and packed cell volume were measured before and at the end of the trial period. The results, analysed in 57 patients (28 on 'Eryfer' and 29 on the slow-release iron) indicate that treatment with 'Eryfer' produced a significantly more predictable response in haemoglobin regeneration, the response being dependent on the initial haemoglobin level. Both treatments, however, produced a highly significant increase in haemoglobin levels in the patients (mean increas: 'Eryfer' 1.09 g. and slow-release iron 0.76 g.). No side-effects were recorded with either treatment.
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PMID:A comparative trial of a new, fast-release iron capsule ("Eryfer") and a slow-release tablet ('Ferro-Gradumet') in iron-deficiency anaemia. 114 82

A retrospective study of 1989 records of 10,594 pregnant women registered at 47 primary health care (PHC) centers in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, aimed to evaluate the performance of their prenatal care services and to gather baseline data to conduct future evaluations. These women represented 58% of pregnant women in Al-Hassa in 1989. The other pregnant women may have received prenatal care at medical facilities of the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO), the National Guard, or the private sector. 53.1% of the registered women had made more than 5 prenatal care visits. 66.7% and 40.3% of all registered women received the first and second dose of tetanus toxoid, respectively. PHC center staff identified 46.2% of women as having high-risk pregnancies, but they only referred 17.5% of these women to King Fahad Hofuf Hospital for obstetric consultation. However, at least 6 major PHC centers had an obstetrician on staff. Causes in reproductive history were responsible for classifying 67.4% of the high-risk pregnancies. These causes included grandmultiparity (65%), abortion (12%; 8.3% - 2 abortions), previous Cesarean section (5.8%), RH negative (4.8%), young primipara (4.5%), and other causes, including history of preeclampsia, neonatal death, congenital anomalies, and low birth weight. Associated medical conditions made up the next highest class of high-risk pregnancies (25.4%). These conditions were sickle cell anemia (69.7%), diabetes (17.1%), hypertension (10.4%), and other causes (e.g., chronic bronchitis). Causes in current pregnancy comprised 7.2% of high-risk pregnancies and included non-sickle cell anemia (34.6%), bleeding (12%), malpresentation (17%), twins (14%), urinary tract infection (7%), and other causes (e.g., ectopic pregnancy). 67.7% of women with high-risk pregnancies delivered at King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, 28.8% at PHC centers, 7.1% at medical services of ARAMCO, and 2.4% outside of Al-Hassa area. 94% and 0.8% of high-risk pregnancy cases had unassisted and assisted vaginal births, respectively. The remaining cases delivered by Cesarean section.
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PMID:Prenatal care in primary health care centers of Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. 129 49

To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence, a questionnaire was administered to 2,911 women by 60 general practitioners, in April and May 1989. The first 50 women seen by the physician in his practice were included in the study. 1,075 women out of 2,911 (37%) declared the presence of episodes of incontinence. Among these 1,075 women, 77% had genuine stress incontinence, 60% urge incontinence, 35% spontaneous leakage. One out of five had these three conditions together. 12% of women with incontinence were less than 31 years of age, 36% were between 31 and 51 years, 20% between 51 and 70 years, and 31% above 70 years. Incontinent women were more frequently post-menopausal; 83% had children (74% for those without incontinence), but the parity was comparable in the two groups. Perineal tears, use of forceps for delivery, high-birth-weight children (above 3,500 g) were more frequently found in incontinent women; but not episiotomy. Incontinent women had more urinary infections, were more often obese, were slightly older at their first childbirth. Post-partum incontinence was found more frequently in incontinent women. A positive association is found with the presence of diabetes, neurological diseases, and chronic bronchitis and cough. Incontinent women more frequently underwent a gynecological surgical procedure, particularly hysterectomies. Incontinence had been present for more than 5 years in 34% of cases, one year in 77% of cases. Only 47 women out of 2,911 (1.6%) consulted specifically for their incontinence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The prevalence of female urinary incontinence in general practice]. 146 26


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