Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 925 consecutive patients hospitalised with acute stroke to determine how stroke type, age, gender and risk factors influence acute, in-hospital outcome. Stroke types included carotid territory cortical or large subcortical infarction (52%), vertebrobasilar infarction (12%), lacunar infarction (11%), intracerebral haemorrhage (16%), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (9%). Mean age (mean +/- 1 SD) was 66 +/- 15 years, but patients with cerebral infarction were older than those with cerebral haemorrhage. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease increased with age across all stroke types, while the prevalence of smoking decreased with age. Mortality was 19% overall, but varied significantly between stroke types, highest in intracerebral haemorrhage (34%), and lowest in lacunar infarction (1%). Age had a marked adverse effect on mortality, independent of stroke type, the probability of death increasing by 3 +/- 0.5% per year from 20-92 years, whereas gender had no effect. Cardiac disease and diabetes were independent adverse prognostic factors (Odds Ratios 1.6 and 1.5 respectively). Cerebral haemorrhage, age, cardiac disease and diabetes all independently worsen acute stroke outcome.
 ...
PMID:Acute stroke outcome: effects of stroke type and risk factors. 158 Aug 59

Two cases of symptomatic extracranial carotid artery stenosis associated with ischemic heart disease are reported. The first case was 72-year-old male, who was admitted because of transient ischemic attack due to the stenosis of left internal carotid artery. He had a history of myocardial infarction and coronary angiography revealed three vessel disease. The second case was 74-year-old female with diabetes mellitus. She was admitted because of cerebral infarction. The carotid angiography revealed critical stenosis of bilateral internal carotid arteries. Her coronary angiography revealed three vessel disease. Her chest symptom became unstable after her admission. In both cases, simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass grafting were performed with successful outcome. In the patients with symptomatic extracranial carotid occlusive disease associated with severe ischemic heart diseases, we advocate simultaneous operation both for carotid and coronary artery occlusive disease.
 ...
PMID:[Surgical results of two cases of simultaneous surgery of carotid and coronary occlusive disease]. 158 67

The role of alcohol as a risk factor for cerebral infarction and hemorrhage has been assesed in 200 middle-aged and elderly stroke patients and 200 controls matched for age, sex and hospital admission date. Computed tomographic brain scans were done in all but 10 of the stroke patients. Alcohol intake was reckoned on the 12 months preceding hospitalization and expressed in grams daily according to a standard nomogram. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was used for the diagnosis of alcoholism. Cerebral infarction was present in 59% of the stroke patients and cerebral hemorrhage in 9%. The role of alcohol as risk factor for stroke proved to be small (Odds Ratio 1.86) and was practically lost after adjustment for the most common risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders (previous strokes, arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia). Our findings seem to suggest that alcohol is not an independent risk factor for stroke in the middle-aged and elderly. The data are, however, preliminary and are discussed in the light of methological problems.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrovascular disorders and alcohol intake: preliminary results of a case-control study. 162 76

This study was designed to characterize the nocturnal fall of blood pressure (NFBP) of elderly hypertensive patients (EH), with or without cerebrovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, as measured by automated blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate was measured every 15 minutes in 133 hospitalized patients with nearly similar schedules and diets. The patients were divided into five groups: I, normotensive elderly patients over age 65: II, EH without cardiovascular diseases, controlled without medication: III, EH with cerebral infarction, chronic stage: IV, EH with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: and V, hypertensives under age 65, without cardiovascular diseases. A significant NFBP was observed in the patients of groups I and V, a significant but smaller NFBP in the hypertensives of groups II and IV, and no NFBP in the patients of group III. Administration of the antihypertensive drugs, enalapril and nifedipine, tended to augment the NFBP. These preliminary observations showed that NFBP did occur in elderly hypertensives but the fall was smaller than that observed in younger hypertensives or elderly normotensives. Although the ambulatory BP measurements were useful in the overall clinical evaluation of elderly patients, NFBP in elderly patients was affected by hypertensive drugs and therefore NFBP should be interpreted with caution.
 ...
PMID:Nocturnal blood pressure monitored by ambulatory blood pressure measurement in elderly hypertensive patients. 163 44

We reviewed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cigarette smoking in 176 Chinese patients with acute stroke, classified, on computed tomographic findings, as intracerebral haemorrhage or cerebral infarction. In all patients with no known history of diabetes, a 75 g OGTT was done 3-6 months after ictus and interpreted using WHO criteria. The overall prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 33.5% and 21.0%, respectively, with a higher prevalence being found in patients with cerebral infarction (P less than 0.05). Forty percent of those with diabetes were previously undiagnosed - all but 2 had ischaemic stroke. Compared to reported findings in the general population, an increased prevalence of hypertension, and possibly also cigarette smoking was found in patients with both stroke categories. On the other hand, significant hypercholesterolaemia was not found in patients of either category. In view of the high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among these stroke patients and the increased morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes mellitus, screening for diabetes is recommended especially in those with ischaemic stroke. If a fasting plasma glucose of greater than or equal to 6 mmol/l was used for the initial screening of undiagnosed diabetes in this group of patients, the sensitivity and specificity values would have been 78% and 94%, respectively. Whether this cut-off value can be cost-effectively employed for mass screening remains to be confirmed by studies involving larger numbers of stroke patients.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 Nov
PMID:High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among Chinese patients with ischaemic stroke. 175 84

The influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia on cerebral infarction has been studied on 77 patients who died of infarcts in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. The size of the infarcts was assessed by transferring the surface of the infarcted area onto 8 schematic drawings corresponding to 8 brain slices and measuring this surface by means of a planimeter. An infarction volume index (IVI) was calculated by measuring the ratio of the infarcted area to the theoretical area of the middle cerebral artery territory on the 8 slices. The causes of death were assessed by full post-mortem examination. There was no statistically significant difference in size of infarcts and causes of death between diabetics and non-diabetics. However, the stroke-to-death interval was shorter (p = 0.05) in non-diabetic patients. It appears from this study that diabetes mellitus has no deleterious effect on cerebral infarction. Equally, there were non statistically significant differences in size of infarcts, stroke-to-death interval and causes of death between patients with and without hyperglycemia.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of diabetes mellitus and blood glucose on the size of cerebral infarction and causes of death. Neuropathological study of 77 cases of infarction in the sylvian artery area]. 177 27

Evidence of old cerebral infarction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is common in acute stroke patients without a prior history of stroke. This experience led us to investigate the incidence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) in the patients with essential hypertension, as well-known major predisposing factor for stroke. The incidence, number, size and localization of SCI on MRI (MARK-J, 0.1 T) and the prevalence of risk factors for stroke were investigated both in 66 hypertensive patients (WHO stage I or II; 63 +/- 9 (mean +/- S.D.) years old) and in 42 age-matched normotensive patients (61 +/- 9 years old). Risk factors selected were as follows: diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, daily alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, obesity, cardiac disease (arrhythmia and ischemic heart disease), hyperuricemia and high hematocrit. In hypertensive patients, the relationships between the incidence of SCI and hypertensive damages in major organs were also investigated. SCI was found in 45 out of the 108 subjects studied and a total of 216 SCI lesions were detected. All of the SCI lesions were localized in the subcortical white matter or in the basal ganglia. All SCI lesions were smaller than 3 cm in diameter and 201 lesions (93%) were smaller than 1 cm. The incidence of SCI tended to be higher in hypertensive patients (47%) than that in normotensives (33%) and increased significantly with advancing age in hypertensives from 26.9% in the 50s to 86.7% in the 70s, while no significant increase was noted in normotensives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Silent cerebral infarction in the patients with essential hypertension]. 179 35

The term transient ischaemic attack (TIA) does not correspond to findings of new examination methods and is rather a matter of convention. The authors examined 19 patients with the diagnosis of TIA by CT and found in five a cerebral infarction. The dependence of cerebral infarction in TIA on age, sex, risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) and the duration of clinical symptomatology was not significant.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral ischemic infarct in computer tomography imaging in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks]. 182 68

To determine the influence of age on atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for cerebral infarction, the Austin Hospital Stroke Unit Register from 1977 to 1990 was reviewed. There were 2279 patients with cerebral infarction (excluding lacunar infarction syndromes) with a mean age of 68.3 years who were identified as subjects, and 800 patients with pseudostroke and lacunar infarction syndromes with a mean age of 64.7 years who were identified as controls. Data concerning potential risk factors for stroke (including sex, age, atrial fibrillation, cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and smoking) were analyzed using multivariate regression techniques. It was found that atrial fibrillation was a significant risk factor for cerebral infarction (excluding lacunar infarction) for all age groups, after adjusting for the effects of other risk factors (P less than .001). However, when age was stratified into four groups, the age-specific odds ratios for atrial fibrillation were not significantly different and no significant interactions between atrial fibrillation and age or other risk factors were found (P greater than 0.1). It was concluded that, although with increasing age atrial fibrillation becomes a more frequent cause of stroke, its potency as a risk factor does not increase correspondingly. There was no significant influence of age on the relationship between atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction.
 ...
PMID:The influence of age on atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for stroke. 182 37

We analyzed the serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins and the prevalence of other risk factors in a case-control study of 304 consecutive Chinese patients with acute stroke (classified as cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction, or intracerebral hemorrhage) and 304 age- and sex-matched controls. For all strokes we identified the following risk factors: a history of ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension; the presence of atrial fibrillation or left ventricular hypertrophy; a glycosylated hemoglobin A1 concentration of greater than 9.1%; a fasting plasma glucose concentration 3 months after stroke of greater than 6.0 mmol/l; a serum triglyceride concentration 3 months after stroke of greater than 2.1 mmol/l; and a serum lipoprotein(a) concentration of greater than 29.2 mg/dl. We found the following protective factors: a serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration of greater than 1.59 mmol/l and a serum apolipoprotein A-I concentration of greater than or equal to 106 mg/dl. The patterns of risk factors differed among the three stroke subtypes. When significant risk factors were entered into a multiple logistic regression model, we found a history of hypertension, a high serum lipoprotein(a) concentration, and a low apolipoprotein A-I concentration to be independent risk factors for all strokes. The attributable risk for hypertension was estimated to be 24% in patients aged greater than or equal to 60 years. In this population, in which cerebrovascular diseases are the third commonest cause of mortality, identification of risk factors will allow further studies in risk factor modification for the prevention of stroke.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein A-I as risk factors for stroke in the Chinese. 192 51


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>