Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The HLA-DR3 haplotype is associated with increased risk of myasthenia gravis (MG) and a number of other autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), coeliac disease, and premature ovarian failure (POF). With a cDNA probe for a DQ beta gene, a 15 kb Hinc II restriction fragment has been demonstrated in genomic DNA from 7 of 16 HLA-DR3 patients with MG, 1 of 19 healthy DR3 controls, and none of 24 DR3 patients with IDDM, coeliac disease, or POF. The HLA-DQ polymorphism may be closely linked to a genetic locus regulating immune responsiveness to acetylcholine receptor and susceptibility to MG.
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PMID:HLA-DQ beta-chain polymorphism linked to myasthenia gravis. 287 36

Directional blood flow in pancreatic islets may be important for regulation of islet hormone release. We therefore perfused an isolated canine pancreas via the celiac artery (arterial perfusion) and then via the portal vein (venous perfusion) in the same pancreas. Basal insulin and glucagon levels and their rate of release in response to 10 mM arginine, 11 mM glucose, 500 pg/ml somatostatin, or 500 pg/ml glucagon were similar under both conditions. However, the inhibition of glucagon release due to somatostatin and its recovery after the cessation of somatostatin infusion was poor in the case of venous perfusion. The basal somatostatin level and its release in response to 10 mM arginine, 11 mM glucose, and 500 pg/ml glucagon during venous perfusion was significantly higher than that during arterial perfusion. From these results, it is speculated that the directional blood flow in pancreatic islets may not be essential for regulation of hormone release from the canine pancreas or that such directionality does not exist in canine pancreatic islets, and that a considerable portion of released somatostatin may be taken up by the pancreas located downstream--probably in the exocrine pancreas.
Diabetes 1987 Mar
PMID:Hormone release from pancreatic islets perfused from venous side. 287 56

Screening for coeliac disease (CD) with serum antigliadin antibodies (AGA) was performed in 1032 diabetic children and adolescents. In 8 children CD had been diagnosed before study entry. Of the remaining 1024 children, 33 had an elevated AGA titre in the first serum sample. On follow-up an elevated AGA titre was confirmed in only 17 of 31 patients. Nine of the repeatedly positive patients underwent jejunal biopsy, and CD was diagnosed in two asymptomatic patients; both were positive for IgG- and IgA-AGA. Among 10 AGA-positive patients in whom biopsies could not be performed, only 1 showed IgA-AGA and thus carried a high risk for CD. From our results we estimate a prevalence of CD in Swiss and German diabetic children between 1.1% and 1.3%. False-positive AGA titres occurred significantly more often in patients with diabetes duration of less than 1 year. AGA testing reached a specificity of 99% if performed at least 1 year after the onset of diabetes. Children suffering from both diabetes and CD showed a diabetes manifestation at a significantly younger age than non-coeliac patients, whereas CD tended to be diagnosed at a remarkably late age.
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PMID:Prevalence of coeliac disease in diabetic children and adolescents. A multicentre study. 306 70

The role of some constitutional factors in the development of cow's milk and gluten intolerance among hospitalized children was the subject of analysis made by the authors. The patients were hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Children during 1973-1982. The age of 45 children varied from 5 months to 5 years (gluten intolerance group) and of 50 children it amounted to from 2 months to 5 years (cow's milk intolerance group). In 34% of the family members of the children with milk intolerance and in 4.4% of the family members of the children with gluten intolerance the symptoms of this trait were found. Coeliac disease was observed in 13.3% of the family members of the gluten intolerance group of children and 10.8% psychic and/or diabetes disease among the members. It has been suggested that above illnesses of the family members occur more frequently compared to control group and this finding can speak for the participation of s constitutional (genetic?) factor in the development of this type of intolerance among the members of the family of affected children.
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PMID:The contribution of some constitutional factors to the development of cow's milk and gluten intolerance in children. 315 73

A 17-year-old girl with Down syndrome is presented who developed coeliac disease, Graves' disease and diabetes type 1. Her HLA type was A3, A9, B8, B15, DR3, DR5.
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PMID:Coexistent coeliac disease, Graves' disease and diabetes mellitus type 1 in a patient with Down syndrome. 316 May 93

Genetic and environmental factors (breast feeding, probably viral infections) play a role in the expression of the disease. Prevalence of GSE in childhood did not substantially decrease in the last 15 years in all European countries, where GSE is still more common in infantile age and presents frequently gastrointestinal symptoms. A decrease has been reported in childhood in several United Kingdom areas and in Finland, where the clinical presentation is changing, shifting upward with age and coming closer to the adult type of the disease. The following clinical problems have been reported in the recent literature: enamel hypoplasia; monosymptomatic short stature; arthritis and other immunologic diseases; association with diabetes, atopy, Iga deficiency, and probably Down's syndrome. Delay in puberty and other peculiar problems of the disease have been described in adolescents. Tests assessing the permeability of the small intestine and the blood levels of antigliadin antibodies have recently gained success as noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of the GSE. The gluten should be withdrawn from the diet and the challenge with gluten should be performed not before 12 months of gluten-free diet with an accurate timing of the biopsy on the basis of the antigliadin and antireticulin antibodies, to avoid clinical and growth damage. Celiac children do require a permanent gluten-free (and not poor) diet. In reality, too many celiac adolescents are off-diet.
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PMID:Gluten-sensitive enteropathy in childhood. 327 30

Impaired gallbladder contraction has been previously shown in pregnant women, in people with diabetes, celiac disease, and cystic duct syndrome, and in postvagotomy patients. In this study gallbladder contraction was measured by real-time ultrasonography in 32 subjects: 8 healthy controls, 12 diabetics and 12 with the irritable bowel syndrome. Contraction was expressed by four parameters: fasting gallbladder volume, residual gallbladder volume after maximal contraction, maximum percent of gallbladder emptied, and time elapsed until maximal contraction occurred. The main difference between the control subjects and the groups with diabetes and irritable bowel syndrome was found in the fasting and residual gallbladder volumes. Fasting volumes were twice as large in the irritable bowel syndrome (30.37 +/- 3.0 ml) as in the control subjects (15.15 +/- 0.69 ml, P less than 0.001). Residual volumes were also twice as great in those with irritable bowel syndrome, compared with the control subjects (12.91 +/- 2.18 ml vs. 5.6 +/- 0.58 ml, P less than 0.01). Similar, but less pronounced differences were found when the diabetic and the control subjects were compared. Fasting volumes were 21.7 +/- 2.62 ml for diabetic individuals vs. 15.15 +/- 0.69 ml for control subjects (P less than 0.05) and residual volumes were 10.87 +/- 2.69 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.58 ml (P = 0.1), respectively. The maximum percent emptied and the time elapsed until maximum contraction occurred were not statistically different. Also, no statistical difference was found between the diabetic individuals and those with irritable bowel syndrome in any of the parameters studied. Increased fasting and residual gallbladder volumes in the irritable bowel syndrome are changes that may promote sequestration and precipitation of cholesterol or calcium salts in the gallbladder of patients with lithogenic bile, as seen in diabetic individuals.
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PMID:Gallbladder contraction in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 329 38

IgG gliadin antibodies (AGA-IgG) were detected by immunofluorescence in 78 celiac children diagnosed by jejunal biopsy. AGA-IgG were also detected in patients affected by other gastrointestinal disease, in patients with diabetes, in health children and in children with normal mucosa. AGA-IgG were found in 81% of celiac patients, while they were not detected in patients affected by other intestinal or extraintestinal diseases, neither in healthy controls. It is conclude that determination of AGA-IgG is a very specific and sensitive enough screening test before small intestinal biopsy.
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PMID:[Immunofluorescence in the determination of gliadin antibodies in celiac disease]. 332 55

A total of 203 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were screened for coeliac disease (CD) by means of serum IgA and IgG antigliadin (AGA) (ELISA) and total anti reticulin antibody (ARA) IFL assay. As suggested by Savilhati, the combination of the IgA and IgG AGA test with IgA titration in serum (to find IgA deficient individuals) identifies almost 100% of CD patients. In this study ARA antibody assay was performed and two new suspect coeliac cases were found among IgA AGA negative children. Together the ARA and AGA tests give a 3% overall prevalence of CD in IDDM. The confirmation of CD must still be obtained with jejunal biopsy. Even high titres of AGA IgG are less specific for coeliac disease and in IDDM may identify those patients who are immunologically more hyperreactive.
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PMID:[Antigliadin and antireticulin antibodies in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 337 26

A 17-year-old boy who had been treated for insulin-dependent diabetes since age 2, and for coeliac disease since age 6, presented a major growth retardation (-6 SD), a delayed puberty and a hepatomegaly with excessive glycogen storage (Mauriac's syndrome). Improved metabolic control resulted in normal pubertal development and growth catch-up.
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PMID:[Dwarfism and delayed puberty in a child with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 338 80


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