Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some decades ago, animal experiments have shown that inbred mice with completely identical genetic characteristics accept transplants between each other without any problem while transplants between individuals of genetically different strains are being rejected after a few days. It was also proven later that with men, genetical factors are responsible for acceptance or rejection of homologous transplants. These genetic factors, although they are called the HLA system, are located on the sixth chromosome. Methods were developed to determine the inherited HLA antigens with the help of antibodies present in the blood serum of pregnant women. The determination is of great importance in preparing transplants organ, especially of kidneys, because chances of successful transplantation are the greater, the better the correspondence of HLA antigens between donor and recipient. Furthermore, there exists growing indication that HLA antigens are coupled or even partly identical with the immune response gene products. These determine whether an individual is more or less suited to develop an immunity against bacterial or viral infections. Finally, there subsist associations of certain HLA antigens and diseases such as gluten enteropathy, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus and many others.
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PMID:[Immunologic HLA-typing. A tool for selection of recipients in transplantation and for detection of disposition to certain diseases (author's transl)]. 33 72

Intravenous infusion of porcine GIP in man induces insulin release when a degree of hyperglycemia is present. This glucose-dependent insulinotropic response occurs when a dose of GIP is administered to obtain circulating levels of approximately 1 ng/ml, a physiologic level that can be achieved by the ingestion of glucose or corn oil or a mixed meal. Serum GIP was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the single antiserum used in all the described studies measures 2 immunoreactive forms of GIP. In patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving an oral glucose load or mixed liquid test meal, GIP levels have been shown to be exaggerated. Similar elevated responses have been observed in obese patients and in maturity onset diabetes. A reduced GIP response has been seen in patients with celiac disease. A physiologic role for GIP in the enteroinsular axis has been established. However, involvement of the hormone in pathophysiologic situations is equivocal.
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PMID:Clinical studies with gastric inhibitory polypeptide. 51 74

Seven patients had acute oliguric renal failure after intravenous urography (2), celiac arteriography (2), or cardiac angiography (3). Diatrizoate meglumine was the contrast media used in all of the cases. These patients had an average age of 63 years and six were 55 years of age or older. Diabetes mellitus, negative fluid balance before the procedure, underlying renal insufficiency, and hypertension were common, being present in three, four, five, and six of the patients respectively . Anuria or oliguria occurred within 24 hours of the procedure and persisted from 36 to 96 hours (72 hours average). The serum creatinine level rose significantly in all of the patients and reached a peak in two to seven days after the procedure. In six patients, recovery was complete by two to three weeks. The seventh patient experienced only partial recovery. These cases taken together with a mounting number of recent reports suggest that contrast media-induced oliguric renal failure is more common than generally believed. Diabetes mellitus, older age, and underlying renal insufficiency seem to be important predisposing factors.
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PMID:Contrast media-induced oliguric renal failure. 62 32

Out of 314 patients with coeliac disease, 63 had associated disorders of known or suspected immunological cause (excluding aphthous stomatitis and dermatitis herpetiformis). Autoimmune diseases appeared to occur more often in patients with coeliac disease than in the normal population, 52 such diseases being found in 45 patients. Of individual disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, and ulcerative colitis seemed to be more common than expected. Atopy (asthma and eczema) occurred in 7% of the patients. Most of these immunological disorders developed when the patients were on normal diet. A gluten-free diet and virtually normal jejunum did not prevent their development, and the diet had little ameliorating effect on their course apart from an occasional dramatic improvement in atopic patients.
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PMID:Coeliac disease and immunological disorders. 63 Feb 12

Fourteen adults in whom diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease coexist, are described. In no patient was coeliac disease diagnosed (biopsy proven) before the age of 28 years. Diabetes was recognized before coeliac disease in all except one. Diabetic control was very unstable and hypoglycaemia particularly troublesome before treatment with a gluten free diet. Following gluten restriction, insulin requirement increased in six patients, and diabetic control became more stable. Diarrhoea due to coeliac disease in a patient with coexisting diabetes, may be mistakenly diagnosed as 'diabetic diarrhoea'. However, certain clinical and laboratory features should arouse suspicion that the diarrhoea is not of diabetic origin. These included a history of gastrointestinal symptoms preceding the diagnosis of diabetes, the occurrence of repeated hypoglycaemia, absence of neuropathy, anaemia, low serum folate, low serum albumin and a malabsorption pattern on small bowel radiography. A definitive diagnosis of coeliac disease can be made only jejunal biopsy. The opportunity to diagnose coeliac disease in adult diabetics will usually fall to the diabetologist and wider use of jejunal biopsy in diabetics with chronic or recurrent diarrhoea is suggested.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease: a clinical study. 67 52

We determined the prevalence of 24 antigens controlled by the HLA-A and B loci in twenty patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus (JDM), in twenty patients with coeliac disease (CD), and in eight patients with both of these diseases. The prevalence of HLA-B8 was increased in JDM chi2 = 12.52, p = 0.00040) and in CD (chi2 = 26.47, p less than 0.000001) as compared to 900 controls. There was only a modest increase of Bw15 in JDM (chi2 = 8.86, p = 0.0029) and in patients with both diseases (chi2 = 2.72). The observed prevalence of phenotype HLA-B8, Bw15 was enhanced in JDM (chi2 = 16.03, p = 0;000063) and in patients with both JDM and CD (chi2 = 24.48, p = 0.00000074) as compared with controls. In the latter group the observed value was 2.2 fold to that expected. In family studies the children having both B8 and Bw15 were more disposed to develop diabetes than siblings with only one of these antigens. In conclusion, the inherited susceptibility to develop juvenile diabetes is markedly associated with HLA-B8 and slightly with HLA-Bw15, and that of coeliac disease with HLA-B8 in Finnish paediatric patients. The presence of both B8 and Bw15 simultaneously increases the susceptibility to have both JDM and CD.
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PMID:HLA antigens in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus, coeliac disease and both of the diseases. 87 Mar 55

Two families in which insulin-dependent diabetes was associated with coeliac disease were studied. All patients had the HLA B 8 antigens. In one case there was an association of HLA B 8 with BW 15. The HLA B 8 determinant was found in that of the parents with a familial diabetic trait. These findings contribute to replace the association diabetes-coeliac disease in the larger frame of auto-immune diseases.
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PMID:[Insulin-dependent diabetes associated with celisc disease in two families]. 93 34

Six families were studied which included 11 members with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and three with coeliac disease (CD). Proximal jejunal biopsies performed on 20 relatives revealed villous atrophy in eight. Of these eight, two, both siblings of patients with DH, had a history of juvenile CD. Determinations of histocampatibility (HLA) antigens showed that HLS-B8 occurred in all six families although two patients with DH and one relative with a history of juvenile CD lacked this antigen. In one family the haplotype A1,B8 was associated with DH, villous atrophy, juvenile diabetes and Addison's disease. Skin biopsy failed to reveal IgA in any of the 44 relatives studied for this immunoglobulin. Antireticulin antibody was detected in the sera of seven (17%) relatives.
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PMID:Family studies in dermatitis herpetiformis. 99 11

Five patients with cystadenoma of the pancreas were seen during a period of 22 years at this institute. This rare benign tumor occurred predominantly in middle age women, with the presenting symptoms of pain and an epigastric mass, but without a history suggestive of pancreatitis or abdominal trauma. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric antiography is helpful in establishing the diagnosis. If this cystic tumor is not recognized and adequately treated, the surgeon may miss the opportunity for cure. Cystadenoma should be suspected when a cystic mass arising from the body or tail of the pancreas is encountered without evidence of metastases. Although surgical extirpation is the preferable treatment, undue risks should not be undertaken because of the slow growth rate of this benign tumor. Due to the known association of this tumor with other malignant lesions, diabetes mellitus as well as multicystic tumors of the liver and kidneys, these patients should be thoroughtly investigated.
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PMID:Cystadenoma of the pancreas. 112 84

Molecular genetic techniques are being widely applied to the study of autoimmune diseases. Major advances have been made in diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and coeliac disease. Work on experimental models of autoimmune uveitis suggests that similar advances will follow in this field. The application of molecular genetics to the study of immunology has lead to great advances in our understanding of the anatomy of antigen recognition. This work has lead to the identification of some of the structural determinants of antigen binding by MHC molecules and is helping to explain some MHC-disease associations. More recently, molecular studies of the T cell receptor have characterized patterns of T cell receptor expression in humans and have lead to the identification of regions of the T cell receptor critical for antigen recognition. These techniques will hopefully provide insights into the nature of autoimmunity and permit the identification of targets for disease specific immunotherapies. This review describes attempts to corelate MHC structure and function in the context of autoimmunity and discusses some of the strategies for analyzing T cell receptor usage in autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Molecular aspects of autoimmunity: a review. 138 42


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