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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 34 patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucagon (1 mg) were studied prospectively. Twelve patients had pancreatic cancer at laparotomy and the remainder were designated a control group. Responses were also measured in 12 healthy volunteers. There was no significant difference in the rise of blood glucose between the groups after glucagon. The mean plasma insulin concentrations rose rapidly in both groups after glucagon but were significantly lower in the pancreatic cancer group. In patients with obstructive jaundice the plasma insulin response was a better discriminator of pancreatic cancer. Abnormal pancreatic beta-cell function is detectable in patients with pancreatic carcinoma before any change in glucose homeostasis, particularly in patients with obstructive jaundice. The glucagon stimulation test may be useful in the earlier diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma before the development of clinically overt diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Abnormal insulin secretion in carcinoma of the pancreas: response to glucagon stimulation. 295 94

Clinical studies suggest that diabetes mellitus may predispose to the development of pancreatic cancer. The current study investigated the effect of experimental diabetes on the susceptibility of the Syrian hamster to the induction of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma by the carcinogen BOP. Diabetes was induced with the B-cell toxin streptozotocin. Three groups of animals were studied: nondiabetic control animals and animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and a third group of animals in which the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin was blocked with nicotinamide. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes significantly inhibited the induction of pancreatic carcinoma by BOP, decreasing the incidence of carcinoma to 24 percent compared with an incidence of 75 percent in nondiabetic control animals (p less than 0.002). In diabetic animals, the degree of inhibition of carcinogenesis paralleled the severity of the diabetes. Blocking the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin with nicotinamide restored the incidence of induced invasive pancreatic carcinoma to that occurring in nondiabetic control animals. In the hamster model, diabetes appears to have a strong influence on susceptibility to the development of pancreatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Influence of diabetes on susceptibility to experimental pancreatic cancer. 296 53

The article reports about the relatively rare diseases kraurosis vulvae (lichen sclerosus et atrophicus) and leucoplakia vulvae and the symptoms, aetiology, histology and therapy of these diseases. Both diseases are considered to be a "dystrophy" since 1976, by international convention. This publication is a report on 168 patients treated during the last 20 years (1964-1983). 34 patients suffered from diabetes mellitus (21%); 73.2% of the women were aged between the 61st and 90th year of life. 15 women already had an incipient vulvar carcinoma besides kraurosis (8.9%). Precancerous alterations, such as morbus Bowen (29 cases), morbus Paget of the vulva (6 cases), and erythroplasia of Queyrat are subsequently discussed.
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PMID:[Dystrophy and precancerous changes in the vulva: symptoms, histology and therapy]. 298 78

Thirty-six totally depancreatectomized patients were followed up for 4-124 months. Pancreatectomy had been performed because of fulminant pancreatitis (in 10), chronic hyperalgic otherwise untractable pancreatitis (in 7), exocrine carcinoma of the pancreas (in 16), cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas (in 2) and insulinoma (in 1). The longest survival duration was in chronic pancreatitis patients: 57 +/- 17 months. A normal socio-professional reinsertion was obtained in 16 patients, mainly those with non-malignant pancreotopathies. At the end of the survey, ten of the carcinoma patients had died, versus none in the other groups. Diabetes mellitus was characterized by the absence of ketonuria, and the frequent occurrence of hypoglycemia (in 15 patients) and infection (in 6). Malabsorption caused osteomalacia in one patient.
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PMID:Survival and rehabilitation after total pancreatectomy. A follow-up of 36 patients. 300 Aug 43

A case of a 58-year-old woman with an unusual variant of malignant islet-cell tumor showing oncocytic features is described. Using the light microscopy technique, the tumor appeared comprised of solid nests of uniform cells with abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with granular chromatin. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained numerous abnormal mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and scattered dense-core neurosecretory granules, often associated with cytoplasmic filaments. Tumor cells were focally immunoreactive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin and diffusely immunoreactive for alpha 1-antitrypsin as assayed by the avidin--biotin technique. The tumor was immunonegative for human chorionic gonadotropin, gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and serotonin. The patient exhibited some of the clinical features associated with glucagonoma syndrome, including diabetes mellitus and chronic diarrhea. The tumor behaved in a malignant fashion, with widespread lymphatic involvement and bony metastases at the time of presentation. This report of an oncocytic islet-cell carcinoma supports the concept of oncocytic differentiation in islet-cell tumors in a fashion analagous to oncocytic carcinoids.
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PMID:Functioning oncocytic islet-cell carcinoma. Report of a case with electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical confirmation. 300 44

After a brief review of the pharmacology of commercially available oral contraceptives, the author compares the Pearl index of various contraceptive methods to evaluate the baseline advantages of contraception vs. pregnancy. The role of the steroid hormones in vascular disease is reviewed from the viewpoint of the hemostatic system, the regulation of blood pressure, glucose tolerance and the lipid and lipoprotein systems. At the dosages presently used no harmful side effects have been substantiated. Hormonal contraceptives also appear to offer positive health effects against monthly blood loss, dysmenorrhea, ascending infections, functional ovarian cysts, extrauterine pregnancies, benign mammary tumors, ovarian carcinoma and endometrial carcinomas. Hormonal contraceptives should be prescribed only after examination to rule out well known contraindications such as pregnancy, preexisting thrombosis and embolisms (including retinal thromboses), tendency toward myocardial infarct, tendency toward strokes, blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg (untreated), acute diabetes mellitus with vascular changes heavy smoking above age 35, potential estrogen-dependent tumors (mammary carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma), acute and progressive chronic hepatopathy, familial or congenital disorders of bilirubin metabolism (for example, Dubin-Johnson syndrome and rotor syndrome), and longterm immobilization.
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PMID:[Oral contraceptives. Risks and advantages]. 306 40

A 61-year-old male, while recovering from a Whipple's procedure for pancreatic carcinoma, was treated for 13 days with an insulin infusion pump for diabetes exacerbated by enteral hyperalimentation. Treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion resulted in improved blood glucose control. Associated with this improvement was a reduction in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon and cortisol concentrations were also lowered although growth hormone levels remained unchanged. It is concluded that enhanced metabolic control during hyperalimentation results in a decrease in counter-regulatory hormone levels and an improvement in the catabolic state in this patient. These preliminary observations provide evidence for maintaining euglycemia in diabetic patients while receiving nutritional support.
Diabetes Res 1986 Nov
PMID:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) reduces counter-regulatory hormone concentrations in a patient receiving enteral hyperalimentation. 310 71

Various kinds of lesions exist which should be discriminate from malignant or premalignant or borderline lesions. If there were a morphologic technical procedure on detection of malignant transformation of the cells at the initiation stage, before the lesion would develop a definitely identical with malignant lesion, such method must be most highly applicable for pathologists. DNA diagnosis has realized a warning of diagnosis of certain diseases or genetical maldevelopment prior to develop their clinical manifestation. Gene analysis has introduced in ++phragmatical screening test for certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thalassemia, T-cell leukemia or lymphoma, neuroblastoma, muscular dystrophy of Duchenne or Becker type, Ph' chromosome and so on. Immunohistochemical technology has provided an intracellular oncogene detection in some neoplastic malignancies such as n-myc in neuroblastoma. Amplification of c-erb B2 (also referred as neu and HER-2/neu) has indicated a higher malignant mammary carcinoma with poor-prognosis, even their size small and early stage. Oncogene analysis is expected to be available sperimposing on pathological morphology.
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PMID:[Detection of early stage cancer: pathological aspect with special reference to differential diagnosis]. 317 85

Autoantibodies to adrenal medulla that gave a diffuse immunofluorescent staining pattern were detected in 17 out of 107 (16%) patients with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes mellitus, in 13 out of 178 (7%) patients with long lasting disease but in none of 80 mixed control sera tested. The antibodies were of IgG class and 31 of the 33 positive sera also fixed complement. In 32 out of 34 cases, detection of the antibodies was correlated with the presence in the serum of pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA). The specificity of adrenal medullary antibodies is distinct from ICA and from C-cell antibodies since their reactivity was not abolished by preabsorption with extracts from human insulinoma or thyroid C-cell carcinoma. The presence in the serum of antibodies to adrenal medulla is not related to a functional defect of the adrenal medulla, but this new specificity indicates a further autoimmune reaction related to the natural history of Type I diabetes.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to adrenal medullary and thyroid calcitonin cells in type I diabetes mellitus--a prospective study. 325 90

An esophagovisceral anastomotic leak is a life-threatening postoperative complication, especially in the mediastinum. Of the 242 patients who underwent intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal carcinoma (182 patients) and adenocarcinoma of the cardia (60 patients) between January 1980 and June 1985, 14 (5.8%) had esophageal anastomotic leakage and two died (0.8%). Various clinical and biologic parameters and aspects of operative technique were studied prospectively and analyzed statistically to identify possible factors responsible for leaks. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis with logistic regression showed that the following clinical and biologic factors do not influence anastomotic leakage: tumor stage, the curative or palliative purpose of resection, neoplastic permeation of anastomotic margins, total protein concentration below 5 gm/dl, albumin concentration below 3 gm/dl, patient's age, diabetes, high blood pressure, cirrhosis of the liver, and cardiac, respiratory, or renal diseases. Technical factors, on the contrary, were statistically significant and of great clinical importance: manual as opposed to mechanical suturing (chi 2 = 8.8, p = 0.013) and single-layer as opposed to double-layer suturing (chi 2 = 9.9, p = 0.043). The level of the anastomosis was found to be a further statistically significant factor: The incidence of leakage was greater when the anastomosis was located between the azygos vein and the lower pulmonary vein (chi 2 = 15.5, p = 0.004) than above the azygos vein or below the lower pulmonary vein.
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PMID:Esophagovisceral anastomotic leak. A prospective statistical study of predisposing factors. 328 Aug 82


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