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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to identify prolactin-producing tumours in human pituitary glands, 45 chromophobe adenomas, obtained from unselected necropsies, have been studied by various staining procedures including the immunoperoxidase technique for the demonstration of prolactin. The presence of immunoreactive prolactin was revealed in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells in six cases (13%), indicating that the occurrence of prolactin-producing adenomas is not rare. No correlations were established between tumours and clinical history. Two adenomas were detected in female and four in male patients. The age of the patients at necropsy ranged from 28 to 75 years. Three adenomas were associated with disseminated carcinoma, two with fatal liver disease, and one with diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and pyelonephritis. Manifest endocrine symptoms were not disclosed, and endocrine investigations, including measurements of blood prolactin levels, were not undertaken. Thus, direct evidence is lacking as to whether or not these tumours were actively secreting prolactin. In the non-tumorous parts of the anterior lobes the number of prolactin cells was decreased in two cases, suggesting that prolactin released from the adenoma cells suppressed prolactin production in the non-tumorous pituitary. However, the number of prolactin cells of the non-tumorous adenohypophysis seemed to be unchanged in two and increased in another two cases. The present findings conclusively proved the existence of the prolactin-producing adenomas as a distinct entity. These tumours do not stain with acid or basic dyes, they are PAS or thionin negative, and do not contain immunoreactive growth hormone. Thus, by conventional staining procedures they are indistinguishable from other chromophobe adenoma types. Herlant's erythrosin and Brookes' carmoisine methods, claimed spedifically to stain prolactin cells, failed to provide reliable results, hence their use cannot be recommended in tumour identification. Immunoperoxidase staining of prolactin is the only technique which conclusively reveals the presence of immunoreactive prolactin in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells and permits diagnosis. It is proposed that this technique be introduced in pituitary morphological studies. Its application may lead to a better understanding of problems related to prolactin-producing tumours and their secretory activity.
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PMID:Localization of prolactin in chromophobe pituitary adenomas: study of human necropsy material by immunoperoxidase technique. 77 66

The indication for pancreatic transplantation currently accepted is juvenile diabetes with renal failure. Up to April, 1, 1975, 39 such transplantations had been performed, including our own 3 cases, and 2 of the 39 patients were living with functioning grafts. Application after total pancreatectomy and especially after cancer surgery cannot be comtemplated for some time. Prerequisites to be fulfilled are the feasibility of inducing tolerance and a low-risk transplantation technique. Patients considered for transplants should be young and their carcinoma should have been treated by radical, total pancreatectomy.
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PMID:[Transplantation of the pancreas (author's transl)]. 81 76

Malignant disease of the female reproductive organs accounts for over 11,000 deaths annually in the United States in patients over 65 years of age. Hormonal treatment is being used in some cases in conjunction with more conventional methods of treatment. Synthetic progesterone is used in the palliation of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A significant increase in the incidence of ovarian cortical stromal hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes and hypertension is found in these patients. For treatment of carcinoma of the ovary, a massive dose of an experimental progesterone agent, dimethylprogesterone (NSC-123018) is being tested in a group study. The treatment is used only for patients for whom conventional therapy has been unsuccessful. Although a few patients have shown remission, it is too early for conclusive results. Patients with advanced breast cancer and estradiol receptors in their tissue may show a favorable clinical response to hormonal therapy in 40-60% of cases. Patients lacking estrogen receptors have only a minimal chance of responding to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:Geriatric malignancies and their hormonal aspects. 83 Feb 45

Vulvar neoplasia as seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during a 38-year period (1935-1972) is reviewed. Of 1385 tissue specimens, 1053 were benign and 332 were malignant lesions. Of the malignant lesions, 246 were squamous cell carcinoma, both in situ and invasive. Of these, 192 were treated and followed and are reported on. There were 71 cases of in situ and 121 of invasive cancer. Of the patients, 64% were white and 36% were nonwhite, which corresponds to the patient population treated at the hospital. Ages of patients ranged from 21 to 86 years, with a median of 50 years. Of those with invasive cancer, 75% were postmenopausal and none was under the age of 30 years. There was a 29% incidence of nulliparity and a 64% incidence of obesity. Diabetes was noted in 64%. Syphilis was discovered in 26%. These patients had a high risk of being exposed to other venereal infections, particularly herpes which is suspect as a precursor of neoplasia. Vurrucous carcinoma are also likely to be of viral origin. Other malignancies were also present in 20% of patients. There was 1 case of chronic clyphocytic leukemia. Presenting symptoms were a lump, a white patch, pruritus, or bleeding. Pruritus was present in 46%. A leukoplakialike appearance was noted in most of the in situ lesions. Multicentric foci of origin were demonstrated in 35%, mostly in the in situ cases. Of the invasive cancers 60% were well differentiated and 11% were verrucous. Multiple histologic patterns were present in many cases. In 167 patients (67%), the initial treatment was surgical. Postoperative radiation was used in 30% of those with invasive cancer. Local recurrences followed in 22%. In those with multicentric foci the recurrence rate was 48%. 44 patients were known to have died, mostly from other causes. Survival was directly related to the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Primary vulvar neoplasia: a review of in situ and invasive carcinoma, 1935-1972. 85 43

In a retrospective study characteristics of 729 climacteric and postmenopausal women with hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium are compared with those of 82 women with atrophic endometrium and 96 women with carcinoma of the cervix. In a prospective study 225 women with glandular-cystic, adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium have been checked by a control-curettage within a period of two months until four years following the first diagnosis. Low parity, disturbances of menstruation with anovulatoric bleedings during fertility period, adipositas, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in climacteric and postmenopausal women indicate a high risk of carcinoma of the endometrium. Hyperplasias of the endometrium in climacteric women cannot be considered as precursors of corpus carcinoma. They are the result of a temporary hormonal dysfunction. Prophylactic hysterectomy, however, should be performed, if adenomatous or atypical hyperplasia appears in older postmenopausal women with the indicators of high risk of endometriumcarcinoma as mentioned above.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma]. 97 98

Among the secretory disturbances ("Dyschylien") of salivary glands the sialadenosis of the parotid gland is a clinic and a morphologic definited entity. The typical clinical symptom is a bilateral, often recurrent, and painless swelling of the parotid gland. The characteristic pathological findings consist in an acinar cell hypertrophy without any inflammatory signs. According to this definition, sialadenosis has to be separated from those diseases of salivary glands, which are primarily altered by inflammation of the salivary tissue with secondary secretory disturbances. From flinical point of view it is possible to distinguish the following kinds of sialadenosis according to the syntropy with various diseases: Endocrine sialadenosis (in diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of gonads, pituitary gland, thyroid gland etc.); dystrophic-metabolic sialadenosis (malnutrition, avitaminosis, alcohilsm, chronic liver diseases etc.), and neurogenic sialadenosis (dysfunction of the vegetative nervous system, drug damages e.g. antihypertensive agents). The question arises, whether all forms of sialadenosis have a common etiology and a coincidental pathogenic factor. The following studies were carried out with the aim to find further details concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of sialadenosis. The study is based on the following material: a) 126 Biopsies of parotid glands from patients with sialadenosis (Register of salivary gland diseases at the Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). This material was collected from 1965 to 1973. b) 80 Biopsies of parotid glands from patients with other diseases (parotitis [4]; acinic cell carcinoma [4]; other parotid and oral tumors [72]; for comparison. c) Experimental studies on the parotid salivary glands of Wistar-rats. The biopsies of the parotid glands were studied histologically, morphometrically, and ultrastructurally. The investigations centered on the ultrastruct of sialadenosis. Before interpreting the ultrastructural findings in view of etiology and pathogenesis of sialadenosis, it was primarily necessary to study the normal ultrastructure of the human parotid gland including the vegetative nervous system. Furthermore it was necessary to elucidate details of a functional morphology of the secretory cycle and to integrade the findings into a concept of general pathology of secretory disturbances. The following results were achieved by our investigations: 1. Normal ultrastructure of human parotid gland: The architecture of the acinar cells is identical with these of other animal species (cytoplasm with a basal standing nucleus, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi-apparatus, secretory granules etc.). Further identical elements are intercalated and striated ducts, myoepithelial cells, and the vegetative nervous system (postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurites, however no ganglionic cells in the parotid gland)...
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PMID:[Sialadenosis of the parotid gland. Ultrastructural, clinical and experimental findings in disturbances of secretion (author's transl)]. 100 13

Of one hundred and forty-nine patients (101 male and 48 female) 4-67 years of age, 117 were alcoholics and underwent pancreatectomy because of episodic or continuous abdominal pain or complications or chronic pancreatitis. Nineteen patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, seventy-seven 80-95% distal resection, anf fifty-three 40-80% distal pancreatic resection. There were 3 operative death and 30 late deaths 6 months to 11 years post pancreatectomy. Twenty-one patients were lost to followup, 1 to 11 years post pancreatectomy. Ninety-five patients are known to be alive, 4 of whom are institutionalized. Indications for pancreatectomy in addition to abdominal pain include recurrent or multiple pseudocysts, failure to relieve pain after decompression of a pseudocyst, pseudoaneurysm of the visceral arteries associated with a pseudocyst, recurrent attacks of pancreatitis unrelived by non-resective operations, duodenal stenosis and left side portal hypertension. The choice between pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal resection of 40-80% or 80-95% of the pancreas should be based on the principle site of inflammation whether proximal or distal in the gland, the size of the common bile duct, the ability to rule out carcinoma, and the anticipated deficits in exocrine and endocrine function. The risk of diabetes is very significant after 80-95% distal resection and of steatorrhea after pancreaticoduodenectomy. When the disease process can be encompassed by 40-80% distal pancreatectomy this is the procedure of choice.
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PMID:Pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis. 101 87

Profound membrane irritability localized primarily to the paraspinal muscles was the major electromyographic criterion proposed by LaBan and associates to predict the early presence and localization of spinal metastatic disease. A retrospective review was recently conducted to determine the accuracy of this interpretation and the effect of the electromyographic report on the attending physician's subsequent workup. In an analysis of 1800 electromyograms at Riverside Hospital, 91 cases were found which met the following criteria: (1) three or more paraspinal segments involved, (2) little or no membrane irritability in the anterior rami, and (3) no previous surgery on the paraspinal area. The proven discharge diagnoses were carcinoma in 24%, herniated nucleus pulposus in 28%, degenerative disc disease in 16%, diabetes mellitus in 9% and miscellaneous in 8%; in 15% no diagnosis could be made. We were unable to differentiate some cases of herniated nucleus pulposus from carcinoma using such criteria as profoundness of levels or number of spinal segments involved. There are partial explanations of why only paraspinal segments may be involved with profound changes in the diseases mentioned, but no explanation for the widespred involvement in localized disease such as a herniated disc. At our hospital it was interesting to note that internists infrequently order myelography or cerebrospinal fluid analysis while orthopedists, neurosurgeons and neurologists rarely order metastatic surveys.
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PMID:Paraspinal electromyographic abnormalities as a predictor of occult metastatic carcinoma. 113 74

In 1972 and 1973 altogether 130 women were treated with hormones and cytostatic drugs for progressive, metastasizing breast carcinoma. 30 of them also had subclinical or manifest diabetes mellitus. Clinical analysis indicated that metastasizing cancer of the breast in women who also have diabetes took a protracted course. Survival timed from the moment of operations, as well as from the occurrence of the first metastases, were significantly longer in women with than without diabetes. Those with a familial predisposition towards cancer of the breast were, however, not within the tested groups. It is possible that women with cancer of the breast and diabetes are also a favourable group for trying hormone therapy: in 18 of 24, hormones induced remissions, but in only less than one third of all the other patients.
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PMID:[Metastasizing carcinoma of the breast and diabetes mellitus, a prognostically favourable combination (author's transl)]. 118 56

In a case-control-study an epidemiological investigation of cancer of the endometrium was carried out. 407 patients with cancer of the endometrium were compared with a control group of 450 women. The patients with endometrial cancer differed from the control group in the following manner: Significantly higher incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Overweight could not be printed out reliably, but there are so many corresponding statements in literature about a higher degree of overweight that there could be no doubt about it. Furthermore the patients with carcinoma of the uterine corpus had an earlier menarche, a later menopause, a smaller number of deliveries and more menstrual abnormalities. They were more exposed to radiation in the pelvis, the incidence of malignant tumors was higher in their families. So factors of high risk related to cancer of the endometrium could be defined.
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PMID:[Epidemiological aspects of corpus carcinoma]. 118 76


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