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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 2-yr-old boy presented initially with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Over the next 9 yrs, he developed multiple autoimmune conditions including Evans' syndrome, alopecia, and autoimmune bowel disease. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome was considered, but no mutations were found in the autoimmune regulator-1 (AIRE-1) gene, making this diagnosis unlikely, and he did not fulfill the clinical criteria for immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. We describe the challenges created by the combination of these diseases and how introduction of insulin pump therapy revolutionized his care.
Pediatr Diabetes 2003 Sep
PMID:Life-threatening autoimmunity with diabetes: management with an insulin pump. 1465 74

Clonal deletion is arguably the most important mechanism of eliminating self-reactive thymocytes from the T-cell repertoire. Recent work has identified new players in this process. On the thymocyte side, several molecules have been newly implicated in the pathway from initial T-cell receptor signaling through to the final result: gene transcription and thymocyte apoptosis. In addition, several proapoptotic molecules have been found to be necessary for the death of self-reactive thymocytes. On the antigen-presenting cell side, the expression of peripheral self-antigens, regulated at least in part by the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein, is crucial for complete elimination of autoreactive thymocytes. The importance of thymic peripheral antigen expression and clonal deletion to self-tolerance is demonstrated in the autoimmune diseases autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy and type-1 diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Good riddance: Thymocyte clonal deletion prevents autoimmunity. 1502 13

The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between genital infections (frequency, etiology, clinical presentation) among girls with type 1 diabetes and some factors as age of the girls, duration and metabolic control of diabetes. Forty-three girls with type 1 diabetes and twelve healthy girls for controls were involved in the study. Methods used are: genital tract inspection, direct microscopy and cultures from genital discharge and urine. Glycaemic control in the diabetic girls was assessed by measuring total glycosylated haemoglobin. The results show vulvovaginal candidiasis in 27 (62.8%) in diabetic girls versus 2 (16.6%) in controls (p < 0.01). There was clear prevalence of non-albicans Candida species. Concomitant infection with bacterial pathogens were proved in only 6 (13.9%) of diabetic girls and 1 (8.5%) of the controls. The clinical presentation of genital candidiasis was vulvovaginitis and most of the affected diabetic girls (88.9%) were in puberty period. There was no relation between duration and metabolic control of diabetes and genital infections.
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PMID:[Genital infections in girls with type 1 diabetes]. 1531 38

Obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses. It affects cutaneous sensation, temperature regulation, foot shape, and vasculature. Acanthosis nigricans is the most common dermatological manifestation of obesity. Skin tags are more commonly associated with diabetes than with obesity. Obesity increases the incidence of cutaneous infections that include: candidiasis, intertigo, candida folliculitis, furunculosis, erythrasma, tinea cruris, and folliculitis. Less common infections include cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and gas gangrene. Leg ulcerations, lymphedema, plantar hyperkeratosis, and striae are more common with obesity. Hormonal abnormalities and genetic syndromes (Prader-Willi) are related to obesity and its dermatoses; however, cellulite is not related to obesity.
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PMID:Obesity and dermatology. 1547 30

Candida albicans is a major cause of oral and esophageal infections in elder persons with poor oral hygiene and immuncompromised patients with hyposalivation, diabetes mellitus, prolonged use of antibiotics or immunosuppressive drugs. Oral thrush is a common form of oropharyngeal candidiasis whose clinical features consist of white patches appearing as discrete lesions on the buccal mucosa, throat, tongue, and gum linings that develop into confluent pseudomembranes resembling milk curds. We recently reported a simple murine model of thrush-type oral candidiasis that mimics the natural infectionin humans and is useful for both symptomatological and mycological evaluation of the responsiveness to antifungal treatments. By using this oral candidiasis model, protective activities of oral administration of several types of herbal preparations such as teatree oil, clove preparation and bovine lactoferrin were clarified. The mechanisms of protective actions of lactoferrin against oral candidiasis were particularly elucidated to include augmentation of T-cell activities of lesional lymphoid tissues. More recent studies suggested that saliva from healthy persons also shows a protective action for this murine oral candidiasis model.
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PMID:[Development of murine experimental model for candidiasis and its application]. 1555 Sep 20

A retrospective review of a five year period (1994-1998) revealed that opportunistic mycoses caused by ubiquitous fungal pathogens are a serious problem in the immunocompromised patient population of Kuwait. Patients with renal transplantation and diabetes mellitus were most susceptible to aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis, whereas patients with candidemia/hematogenous candidiasis had multiple risk factors. Basidiobolomycosis of the rectum in a Bangladeshi male, cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatti in an AIDS patient,fungal peritonitis due to Absidia corymbifera in a patient on peritoneal dialysis, and endocarditis due to Aspergillus terreus detected by direct microscopic examination and culture of the blood clot are some of the notable cases diagnosed during the period under review. The predominance of Candida species other than C. albicans as bloodstream pathogens is another noteworthy observation. Although outbreaks of C. parapsilosis candidemia in neonatal intensive care units contributed significantly to this shift in favour of non-albicans Candida species, a surveillance strategy comprising of molecular, epidemiologic and antifungal susceptibility studies is warranted. With the proposed expansion of organ and bone marrow transplantation facilities in Kuwait, the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections is likely to increase.
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PMID:Invasive fungal infections in Kuwait: A retrospective study. 1559 75

Candidiasis are conditions caused by fungi from Candida genus. The most frequently involved in humans pathology is Candida albicans, which, even if is in balance with endogenous bacterial flora, became pathogenic in certain conditions. The hereby study aims to evaluate retrospectively on a period of 5 years (1999-2003), an group of 101,000 children aged 14 days-18 years, the prevalence of candidiasis, the clinical aspects determined in pediatric population diagnosed and treated in the paediatric offices of the outpatient clinic of "Sf. Spiridon" Hospital, as well as the risk factors of these diseases. From 3806 positive samples for Candida, 2650 (69%) have presented signs of pathogenicity of a significant intensity of colonization. 65% of samples have been observed in female gender, 35% in male gender, 58% of cases from urban areas, 42% from rural environment. The concordance of the lab results having significant values with the manifest clinical symptoms was 85% for the nasal and pharyngeal exudates; 93% for the examination of the stools and 95% for vaginal secretions. The most frequent clinical aspects were oropharyngeal candidiasis (39%), mycotic esopharyngitis (0.4%), enterocolitis (15%), mycotic colitis (22%), vulvovaginitis (25%). The most frequent risk factors for the appearance of candidiasis have been repeated or prolonged antibiotic treatments (90% of cases), diabetes mellitus (0.3% cases), steroid therapy (0.2% cases), deficient hygiene (5% cases), diet rich in carbohydrates (9%). This study confirm that Candida albicans can become pathogenic producing signs and symptoms of disease in certain conditions, the most important factor being prolonged or repeated antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Aspects of the children's candidiasis in outpatient practice]. 1568 74

A 95-year-old woman complained of sudden onset of disturbance of consciousness and right hemiparesis on April 20, 2003 and was admitted on the next day. She was drowsy and showed moderate right motor and sensory hemiparesis. The blood laboratory tests showed slight inflammatory reaction. A low density area was found in the left basal ganglia by brain CT, which was also coincided with the high signal region in T2, FLAIR and diffusion-MR images. The MRA of the intracerebral arteries presented no remarkable abnormality. The hemiparesis and impaired consciousness improved partially in the following week. However, she did not fully recover, since aspiration pneumonia and mild generalized inflammation continued. Percutaneous gastrostomy and intravenous hyperalimentation were started to improve her nutrition. The moderate inflammatory state persisted for several weeks. Her blood pressure suddenly fell and she died on June 12. Autopsy showed a mildly brownish and necrotic lesion from the left caudate to the putamen through the internal capsule. There was no liquefaction. On the microscopic examination, the necrosis surrounded by small vessels was consisted of numerous neutrophils and macrophages with pseudohypha and blastospore of candida. Small fragments of fungus were phagocytosed by macrophages. Small abscesses and necrotic foci due to candidiasis were observed in the bladder, kidneys, lungs, myocardium and thyroid gland. In this case, cerebral candidiasis probably occurred via hematogenous dissemination from a primary focus in the urinary tract. The intracerebral arteries revealed rather mild atherosclerotic changes and there was no occlusion by thromboembolism. Intracerebral lesion was diagnosed as candidiasis and there was no cerebral infarction by thromboembolism. If the infection occurred after cerebral infarction, there should not be any inflammatory reaction in the center of necrotic area. There have been few reports of cerebral candidal infection in patients without diabetes mellitus or immunosuppressive conditions. None of them had been diagnosed before death. Caution should be exercised for the presence of systemic candidiasis in elderly patients who are bedridden and with continuous low grade inflammatory reactions.
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PMID:[A 95-year-old female with autopsy-proven cerebral necrosis due to candidiasis who developed stroke-like manifestations]. 1583 94

The autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is characterized by a variable coexistence of several autoimmune diseases, affecting predominantly endocrine glands. In general two types of APS are distinguished. Type 1 APS is an autosomal recessive disorder often leading to insufficiency of the adrenal cortex, the parathyroid glands, and/or the gonads. This type of APS often affects the skin in form of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophies (vitiligo, alopecia, keratopathy, dystrophy of dental enamel and nails). The second form of APS is a polygenic disease which usually involves the adrenal gland, the thyroid and the pancreatic beta-cells. In rare cases APS type 2 is associated with myasthenia gravis, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, Sjogren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. Here we describe a case of APS with the unusual combination of type 1 diabetes, secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, growth hormone deficiency, and primary hypothyroidism associated with lethal idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. The combination of APS and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis which is a rare, frequently fatal autoimmune disorder of myocardium affecting most commonly young individuals has not been reported so far.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005 May
PMID:Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome associated with idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. 1592 18

Members of the family Candida spp. are ubiquitous dimorphic fungi that normally inhabit the alimentary, upper respiratory, and genital mucosae of mammals. Cell-mediated immunity appears to be an important limitation to the pathologic spread of these fungi. Prolonged immunosuppression, cytotoxic chemotherapy causing neutropenia, diabetes mellitus, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, and prolonged antimicrobial therapy have resulted in an increased incidence of both localized and disseminated candidiasis. This report describes a systemic Candida spp. infection in a dog with no obvious underlying deficiency in host resistance. Cytopathology, histopathology, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the etiology of the causative agent.
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PMID:Systemic candidiasis in an apparently immunocompetent dog. 1594 87


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