Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Workers in the corn wet-milling industry are exposed to grain dusts, pesticides and fumigants, acids, solvents, sulphur dioxide, and other chemicals used in the manufacture of starch, oil, syrup, and dextrins. In a preliminary investigation of the long-term health effects of occupational exposures in this industry, deaths among active and retired corn wet-milling workers were identified from records of a trade union. Underlying cause of death for workers who died between 1947 and 1981 was determined from death certificates. Cause-specific Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMR's) were computed for white and black males using US males as a comparison with adjustments for age, race, and calendar year of death. There were deficits of deaths from respiratory and digestive diseases. Among whites, mortality from chronic nephritis, bladder cancer, and lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies was elevated. There was an elevated frequency of deaths due to diabetes and a threefold excess of pancreatic cancer deaths among blacks. Crude work history information indicated a small cluster of pancreatic cancer deaths among whites and blacks who had worked in production processes that convert corn starch to syrup and dextrins. An elevated frequency of deaths from leukaemia was seen among white maintenance workers.
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PMID:Proportionate mortality among male corn wet-milling workers. 405 10

Patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BHP) were studied in relation to aberrant serum c-peptide, testosterone, estrone, cortisol and morning fasting glucose, to analyze the syntropy of diabetes and BHP. The results were compared to patients with bladder cancer without BHP and, after correction of the patients' weights and ages, the control failed to prove any significance. This is consistent with the incidence rate of maturity onset diabetes in prostate adenomas (n = 527, 7.3%) and of a control group (8.5%) of patients, 60--70 years of age. Zinc, another parameter associated with insulin function, is frequently observed to change in BHP and is significantly increased in prostatic tissue which possibly acts as a zinc pool. In this study, however, no effect of prostatectomy on serum zinc was demonstrable even in a long-term control of 9 months, suggesting a sensitive and rapid regulation of this metal independent from the prostate.
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PMID:C-peptide, testosterone, estrogen, cortisol and zinc in patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate. 615 79

There is ample evidence that the human acetylator phenotypes are associated with drug induced phenomena. It is principally the slow acetylators who exhibit toxic adverse effects because of their relative inability to detoxify the original drug compounds. In rare instances, however, it is the rapid acetylators who are at a disadvantage. In the matter of association of spontaneous disease with either acetylator phenotype, there are two groups of disorders to consider. First, disorders in which carcinogenic amines are known to be an aetiological factor. This is because these amines are substrates for the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase activity and hence there is a possible rational basis for searching for an association. Secondly, other disorders where searches for associations are based more on hunches. In the first group there is a definite statistical association between cancer of the bladder and the slow acetylator phenotype. In prevalence studies the slow phenotype is 39% more associated with bladder cancer than is the rapid phenotype. On the basis of the evidence now available it is not possible to say whether this association is because slow acetylators develop the disease more frequently or whether they survive longer. In the second group the relevant studies show (1) a greatly increased prevalence of slow acetylators in Gilbert's disease; (2) a confirmed association between the rapid acetylator phenotype and diabetes; (3) a possible association between the rapid acetylator phenotype and breast cancer; (4) a possible association between the slow acetylator phenotype and leprosy in Chinese patients; (5) an earlier age of onset of thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease) in slow acetylators than in rapid acetylators; (6) no evidence of an association between either phenotype and spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:Survey of the human acetylator polymorphism in spontaneous disorders. 638 23

Primary ancestry of the patients and controls in this study was not statistically different but the Jewish population had a significantly increased incidence of bladder cancer. Over-all, a significantly greater number of patients smoked filtered cigarettes, began drinking artificially sweetened beverages at an earlier age, drank artificially sweetened beverages for a greater number of years, consumed a greater number of glasses of artificially sweetened beverages weekly and related a history of urinary tract infections. A significantly increased incidence of bladder cancer was noted in individuals employed by certain types of companies, by certain job titles and by certain job material handled. Analysis of the data failed to show any significant difference in years of consumption of coffee, amount of various types of coffee or tea consumed, consumption of various nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages, including source of drinking water, use of hair dye, incidence of diabetes mellitus, family history of urinary cancer and a history of pelvic irradiation or bladder stones.
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PMID:Epidemiologic survey of bladder cancer in greater New Orleans. 710 90

Mortality at two engine plants was analyzed using proportional mortality and logistic regression models of mortality odds ratios to expand previous observations of increased cancers of the stomach, pancreas, and bladder, and cirrhosis of the liver among workers exposed to machining fluids. Causes of death and work histories were available for 1,870 decendents. There was a significant excess of deaths coded as diabetes for white men in both plants (PMR = 25/16.7 = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.20), and a deficit of respiratory diseases. Black men had fewer than expected diabetes deaths and more emphysema deaths. Elevated PMRs for cancers of the stomach, pancreas, prostate, bladder, and kidney were not statistically significant in plantwide populations. However, stomach cancer mortality increased with duration in camshaft and crankshaft production at Plant 1 (OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.6, 17; at mean duration of exposed cases), and among tool room workers (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.3, 31), but these results were based on five cases. Nitrosamines were probably present in camshaft and crankshaft grinding at Plant 1. Pancreas cancer risk increased among workers at both plants ever employed in inspection (OR = 2.5, 16), in machining with straight oil (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.04, 12), or in skilled trades (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1, 7.5). Lung cancer increased in cylinder head machining (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.4, 11), millwright work (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.6, 9.0), and in Plant 2 generally (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.97, 2.2). Potential lung carcinogens included heat treatment emissions, chlorinated oils, and coal tar fumes (millwrights). Bladder cancer increased with duration among workers grinding in straight oil MF (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.15, 7.8) and in machining/heat-treat operations (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.14, 7.2).
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PMID:A survey of mortality at two automotive engine manufacturing plants. 891 13

Results associating diet with chronic disease in a cohort of 34192 California Seventh-day Adventists are summarized. Most Seventh-day Adventists do not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol, and there is a wide range of dietary exposures within the population. About 50% of those studied ate meat products <1 time/wk or not at all, and vegetarians consumed more tomatoes, legumes, nuts, and fruit, but less coffee, doughnuts, and eggs than did nonvegetarians. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between beef consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease (IHD) in men [relative risk (RR) = 2.31 for subjects who ate beef > or =3 times/wk compared with vegetarians], significant protective associations between nut consumption and fatal and nonfatal IHD in both sexes (RR approximately 0.5 for subjects who ate nuts > or =5 times/wk compared with those who ate nuts <1 time/wk), and reduced risk of IHD in subjects preferring whole-grain to white bread. The lifetime risk of IHD was reduced by approximately 31% in those who consumed nuts frequently and by 37% in male vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians. Cancers of the colon and prostate were significantly more likely in nonvegetarians (RR of 1.88 and 1.54, respectively), and frequent beef consumers also had higher risk of bladder cancer. Intake of legumes was negatively associated with risk of colon cancer in nonvegetarians and risk of pancreatic cancer. Higher consumption of all fruit or dried fruit was associated with lower risks of lung, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Cross-sectional data suggest vegetarian Seventh-day Adventists have lower risks of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and arthritis than nonvegetarians. Thus, among Seventh-day Adventists, vegetarians are healthier than nonvegetarians but this cannot be ascribed only to the absence of meat.
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PMID:Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. 1047 27

The progression of bladder cancer to invasive disease is highly dependent on its ability to penetrate basement membrane of urothelium. Studies on diabetic nephropathy have shown a reduction in proteoglycan content of the glomerular basement membrane. Based on the well-known fact that proteoglycans are one of the main components of basement membrane and extracellular matrix we assessed the relationship between diabetes mellitus, bladder cancer incidence and its behavior. These studies include 252 patients with microscopically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, and 549 patients with other urological disorders who served as controls. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in each group was assessed. The group of patients suffering from transitional cell carcinoma was divided according to etiological risk factors such as cigarette smoking, diabetes and patients that were non-smokers and did not suffer from diabetes mellitus. We assessed the features of bladder cancer behavior in each group. Logistic regression model estimation for statistical analysis was used, with transitional cell carcinoma as a dependent binary variable and age, sexes smoking and diabetes as independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at two levels: p <or=0.001 and p <or=0.05. Odds ratio (OR) adjusted to age, sex, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated for TCC. In the TCC group 22.2% of the patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. In the control group 10.38% suffered from diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analysis, OR and 95% CI showed a statistically significant relationship between diabetes and TCC. These data are comparable only with smoking (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.6 3.5 and OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.08 2.4 correspondingly). Based on these data we suggest that diabetes mellitus may be considered an etiological risk factor for bladder cancer development.
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PMID:Increased incidence of diabetes mellitus in the patients with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. 1134 22

Patients on maintenance dialysis have increased risk for cancer, especially in the kidney and urinary tract. In a retrospective cohort of 831,804 patients starting dialysis during 1980 to 1994 in the United States, Europe, or Australia and New Zealand, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for kidney and bladder cancers. Risks for cancers of the kidney (SIR 3.6; CI 3.5 to 3.8) and bladder (SIR 1.5; CI 1.4 to 1.6) were increased, relatively more in younger than older patients and more in female patients (kidney: SIR 4.6, CI 4.3 to 4.9; bladder: SIR 2.7, CI 2.4 to 2.9) than male patients (kidney: SIR 3.2, CI 3.0 to 3.4; bladder: SIR 1.3, CI 1.2 to 1.3). SIR for kidney cancer were raised in all categories of primary renal disease, and for bladder cancer in all but diabetes and familial, hereditary diseases. Notably high SIR occurred in toxic nephropathies (chiefly analgesic nephropathy) and miscellaneous conditions (a category that includes Balkan nephropathy), the excess of kidney cancer in these conditions being urothelial in origin. SIR for kidney cancer rose significantly, and those for bladder cancer fell (not reaching significance) with time on dialysis. There was no association with type of dialysis. The pattern of increased risk for renal parenchymal cancer in dialysis patients is consistent with causation through acquired renal cystic disease and of urothelial cancers of the kidney and bladder with the carcinogenic effects of certain primary renal diseases.
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PMID:Cancers of the kidney and urinary tract in patients on dialysis for end-stage renal disease: analysis of data from the United States, Europe, and Australia and New Zealand. 1250 52

An epidemiological association between diabetes mellitus and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has been proposed. This study looked retrospectively at 125 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder as a study group and 80 other hospital patients with conditions not specifically associated with diabetes mellitus as a control group. Diabetic patients had an increased, significant odds ratio for bladder cancer compared with non diabetics even after adjustment for smoking and age [OR: 2.69 p=0.049 (95% CI 1.006-7.194)] A history of smoking OR 2.16 p=0.013 (95% C.I. 1.175-3.964) is a significant independent association with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder as is age: p=0.001 OR 1.07. We propose potential pathogenic pathways for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in diabetic patients based on altered integrin and cadherin distribution in urothelial cells in diabetic patients. A larger study is planned to confirm an association between diabetes mellitus and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and bladder cancer--an epidemiological relationship? 1270 44

Several studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus may alter the risk of developing a variety of cancers, and the associations are biologically plausible. To learn more about the relation between diabetes and cancer mortality, the authors examined associations with selected cancers in a large, prospective US cohort of 467,922 men and 588,321 women who had no reported history of cancer at enrollment in 1982. After 16 years of mortality follow-up, diabetes was significantly associated with fatal colon cancer in men (multivariate relative risk (RR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.37) and women (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.43) and with pancreatic cancer in men (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.73) and women (RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.72). For men, diabetes was significantly associated with liver cancer (RR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.76, 2.72) and bladder cancer (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.80). In addition, diabetes was significantly associated with breast cancer in women (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.45). These associations were not explained by high body mass. Our findings suggest that diabetes is an independent predictor of mortality from cancer of the colon, pancreas, female breast, and, in men, of the liver and bladder.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults. 1519 33


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