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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of various epidemiologic studies suggest that bacteriuria and urinary tract infection (UTI) occur more commonly in women with diabetes than in women without this disease. Similar findings have been demonstrated for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), with ASB being a risk factor for pyelonephritis and subsequent decline in renal function. Although ASB is not associated with serious health outcomes in healthy patients, further research needs to be undertaken regarding the impact of ASB in patients with diabetes. Patients with diabetes often have increased complications of UTI, including such rare complications as emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis, fungal infections (particularly Candida species), and increased severity and unusual manifestations (e.g., gram-negative pathogens other than Escherichia coli). Anatomic and functional abnormalities of the urinary tract are also associated with diabetes. Such abnormalities result in greater instrumentation of the urinary tract, thereby increasing the risk of secondary UTI. In addition, these abnormalities complicate UTI and require specialized treatment strategies. There is a greater likelihood of UTI affected by antimicrobial resistance or atypical uropathogens, and the risk of upper tract involvement is increased. Pre- and posttherapy urine cultures are therefore indicated. The initial choice of empiric antimicrobial therapy should be based on Gram stain and urine culture. Choice of antibiotic therapy should integrate local sensitivity patterns of the infecting organism. Fluoroquinolones are a reasonable empiric choice for many patients with diabetes. For seriously ill patients, including patients infected with Pseudomonas spp., such agents as imipenem, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and piperacillin-tazobactam may also be considered. Treatment of ASB in patients with diabetes is often recommended to prevent the risk of symptomatic UTI. However, the management of ASB in patients with diabetes is complex, with no single preferred approach.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes. 1211 74

Women with diabetes mellitus (DM) have asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) more often than women without DM. The increased prevalence of bacteriuria in diabetic patients can be the result of differences in the host responses between diabetic and nondiabetic patients, or a difference in the infecting bacterium itself. We have shown that the increased prevalence of ASB in diabetic women is not the result of a difference in bacteria, because the same number of virulence factors was found in the infecting Escherichia coli (most common causative microorganism of ASB) in our diabetic women with ASB, as listed in the literature for nondiabetic patients with ASB. We found that bacterial growth in vitro was increased after the addition of different glucose concentrations, as found in urine of poorly controlled patients. However, we could not confirm that glucosuria was a risk factor for ASB in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that women with both DM and ASB have lower urinary cytokine and leukocyte concentrations than women without DM but with ASB. Finally, we found that E. coli expressing type 1 fimbriae (the virulence factor that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UTIs) adhere better to uroepithelial cells of women with DM compared with the cells of women without DM.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of bacteriuria in women with diabetes mellitus. 1213 45

The increasing incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in the elderly requires a detailed consideration of this problem including age-specific medical and social risk factors. The increasing need for care, age- and gender-related complicating factors such as subvesical obstruction, adnexal infections, and incontinence, and the need for catheterization are predominant. Specific age-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, pharmacodynamic alterations of antimicrobial substances, and changes in the vaginal colonization make increased demands on therapeutic strategies. Urologic implications resulting from this set of difficulties have not yet been investigated sufficiently and need further evidence-based work-up.
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PMID:[Urogenital infections in the elderly]. 1221 48

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common and tend to have a more complicated course in patients with diabetes mellitus than in the general population. The mechanisms that potentially contribute to the increased prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in these patients are defects in the local urinary cytokine secretions and an increased adherence of the microorganisms to the uroepithelial cells. The need for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria remains controversial. No evidence is available on the optimal treatment of acute cystitis and pyelonephritis in patients with diabetes. Because of the frequent (asymptomatic) upper tract involvement and the possible serious complications, many experts recommend a 7- to 14-day oral antibacterial regimen for bacterial cystitis in these patients, with an antibacterial agent that achieves high concentrations both in the urine and in urinary tract tissues. The recommended treatment of acute pyelonephritis does not differ from that in patients without diabetes. Clinical trials specifically dealing with the treatment of UTIs in patients with diabetes, comparing the optimal duration and choice of antibacterial agent, are needed. In addition, new approaches to preventive strategies must prove their value in this specific patient group.
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PMID:Management of bacterial urinary tract infections in adult patients with diabetes mellitus. 1456 42

We report a case of acute spongiositis with diabetes mellitus. A 63-year-old man with a 7-year history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital complaining of perineal pain and pyrexia. Physical examinations revealed induration and tenderness of the corpus spongiosum, but no signs of rubor or erosion. A laboratory investigation showed leukocytosis (12,000/microliter), an elevated level of C-reactive protein (3.38 mg/dl) and hyperglycemia (532 mg/dl). Pyuria and bacteriuria were absent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yielded abscess-like lesion of the corpus spongiosum. Culture of the aspirated specimen demonstrated B-hemolytic streptococci. Treatment with antibiotics and insulin resolved leukocytosis and tenderness of corpus spongiosum. He left the hospital on the 23rd day after admission and no evidence of recurrence of the spongiositis was found for 1 year after discharge.
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PMID:[A case of acute spongiositis with diabetes mellitus]. 1222 83

Dogs with diabetes mellitus may develop occult urinary tract infections. In this study, diabetic dogs with negative and positive bacterial urine cultures were compared. Records from 51 dogs with diabetes mellitus were reviewed at the University of Illinois. No difference was identified between the groups in urine specific gravity, pH, glucose, ketones, protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, or epithelial cells. Dogs with occult urinary tract infection did have an increased incidence of bacteriuria, but this was not a consistent finding. Therefore, the urine on all diabetic dogs should be cultured to accurately identify the presence or absence of bacterial urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Detection of occult urinary tract infections in dogs with diabetes mellitus. 1242 85

Women with diabetes mellitus should not be screened or treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Unlike other clinical conditions in which screening for asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) has proved valuable (pregnancy, urologic surgery, renal transplantation), women with diabetes derive no meaningful benefit. Previous recommendations by the US Preventive Services Task Force neither recommended for or against screening or treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic women.
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PMID:Screening for and treating asymptomiatic bacteriuria not useful in women with diabetes. 1243 44

The analysis of urine culture was performed twice in 120 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus: on their first visit and during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. During the first evaluation 10% of patients had germ-free culture, 46.7% non-significant bacteriuria and 43.3% significant ones. The percentage of results in the studied group indicating significant bacteriuria decreased as far as to 35.8%, but germ-free culture were still 10% during the second analyses, in 3rd trimester. The incorrect urine culture decreasing count during pregnancy stood in relation with better diabetes control based on 24-hours glucose profile. Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli culture occurred more frequently. The control group comprised of 60 pregnant women without diabetes mellitus-significant bacteriuria occurred in 15% and germ-free culture were observed in 43.4% of patients.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infections in diabetic pregnancy]. 1261 14

A review about recent aspects on diagnosis and clinical management of urinary tract infection (UTI) is presented. There is a wide variation in clinical presentation of UTI which include different forms as cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethral syndrome and the clinical relevance of asymptomatic bacteriuria and low-count bacteriuria that must be distinguished from contamination. Pathogenetic aspects concerning bacterial virulence as well as host factors in susceptibility to UTI as urinary tract obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, indwelling bladder catheters, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, sexual activity, contraceptive methods, prostatism, menopause, advanced age and renal transplantation are discussed. Diagnostic criteria and the most common tests utilized for differentiation between lower and upper UTI have been reviewed. The authors conclude that a careful evaluation of the underlying factors is required for the correct diagnosis of UTI and to prevent recurrence and that appropriate strategies and specific therapeutic regimens may maximize the benefit while reducing costs and adverse reactions.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and clinical management of urinary tract infection]. 1272 22

Bacteriuria (> or = 10(5) CFU/ml) is a very common phenomenon in elderly people, occurring twice as frequently in women than in men. There are symptomatic and asymptomatic types of bacteriuria. Risk factors include: a decrease in the estrogen level in women after the menopause, catheterisation, urinary bladder dysfunction, hypertrophy of the prostate gland, diabetes, neurological illnesses. The diagnosis of bacteriuria is based on quantitative urine culture (positive result--> or = 10(5) CFU/ml bacteriae). The most frequent pathogens are: E. coli, enterococci, staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis. The antimicrobial therapy is not advised for asymptomatic bacteriuria. In the case of symptomatic bacteriuria it is advised to take urine for culture and to perform sensitivity testing as well as blood culture and to start a "blind therapy". In order to use the antimicrobial treatment effectively, the most frequently occurring pathogens should be registered and their sensitivity patterns in the given hospital recognised.
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PMID:Diagnosis, treatment and registration of urinary tract infections in geriatric patients. 1289 72


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