Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A defined general population of 159,200 male and female native Swedes born in the period of 1911-1940, from an urban catchment area of the then only general hospital, was followed over a decade (1970-1979) with regard to inpatient hospitalization for all kinds of diagnoses. Psoriasis cases (n = 372) are significantly (p less than 0.001) associated with a spectrum of diseases: male as well as female psoriatics seem to show excess rates of viral infections, alcoholism, hypertension, pneumonia, liver cirrhosis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis. Psoriasis in males only seem to be associated with iritis and ankylosing spondylitis, whereas psoriasis in females only is associated with lung cancer, diabetes, obesity, myocardial infarction and asthma.
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PMID:Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes. 308 49

A 38 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma was admitted to hospital with pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae; she recovered promptly on erythromycin treatment. Six weeks later she presented with aortic valve endocarditis without concurrent lung disease. A concurrent increase in titres of antibody to Legionella bozemanii, L longbeachae, and L jordanis indicated a Legionella infection. Legionella infection should be considered, even in the absence of pneumonia, in cases of endocarditis where no other cause can be detected.
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PMID:Aortic valve endocarditis associated with Legionella infection after Mycoplasma pneumonia. 311 81

To detect the differences in patterns of prescribing between general practitioners with high and low costs, the costs in prescribing seven symptomatic and seven systematic drug groups were studied in 23 practices with low costs and 23 with high costs in the Belfast area. This was done by extracting information about the individual practices from the Department of Health and Social Services (Northern Ireland) information technology unit's database on prescribing. General practitioners in practices with high costs issued prescriptions more often and for larger quantities of medicine than did their colleagues in practices with low costs for all of the drug groups studied. There was a lower patient to doctor ratio in the practices with high costs (1786:1 v 2039:1). The prescribers with high costs offered more surgery sessions than their colleagues with low costs, amounting to an average of 6.5 extra surgery sessions per 1000 patients per month. Half as many more patients with heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and thyroid disease seemed to be treated by doctors in practices with high costs than in practices with low costs. A higher rate of prescribing symptomatic drugs by these same doctors was also seen, and further study is recommended in view of the risks associated with these drugs.
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PMID:Some patterns of prescribing by urban general practitioners. 312 67

The prerequisites for analyses of the medical, social and economic consequences of drug usage are in part available in Sweden. Hard data, though, are still fragmentary. Examples are given where various data sources and methods have been applied. It is suggested that feedback of drug utilization data should increase to create a more questioning attitude among prescribers. The concept of medical audit has to be better explained including the fact that individual-based registers are necessary tools in trying to assess the rationality of drug treatment. In the future such analyses should focus on everyday treatment of common disease entities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyspepsia and asthma. Long term medical and economical consequences of optimized pharmacological versus non-pharmacological treatment should be studied.
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PMID:Approaches to assessing the rationality of drug usage in a developed country. 316 31

To resolve one of the main theoretical problems of genetic counselling, namely, calculation of the recurrence risk for common diseases, a multivariate approach is suggested, based on the multifactorial model. The model suggests partially different liability for several diseases or various forms of a disease. The specified recurrence risk for each family can be calculated with the account of different morbidity rates for different sexes and the degree of kinship to proband. The input data for computer calculations are: population incidence of diseases, their heritabilities as well as genetical and environmental correlations between the diseases. Our method is illustrated by calculation of the recurrence risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) and bronchial asthma (BA), each of which may be subdivided into several forms. It is proposed that the nature of genetic correlations is different for two diseases. The phenotypic forms of DM are genetically independent, whereas the forms of BA have a common genetic basis.
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PMID:[Multivariate approach to calculating the recurrence risk in families with multifactorial diseases]. 318 54

Hospital admissions, cancer statistics, causes of death and data from general practice consultations have been reviewed to identify the challenges to health within the working life. Morbidity resulted commonly from trauma, malignant neoplasms especially of the female breast, melanoma, colorectal and cervical tumours, locomotor disorders especially of the spine, ischaemic heart disease, obstructive respiratory disorder, gynaecological problems, psychiatric disorders, hearing impairment and diabetes mellitus. Support for basic research and studies relating to approaches aimed at influencing community attitudes are discussed. Areas of particular research possibilities in New Zealand are identified in psychiatry, cost benefit studies in surgery, and health screening. A case is made for a strong improved complementary research effort within the clinical areas of the health service both in hospitals and in general practice especially in clinical conditions such as asthma and diabetes. Seeding money for voluntary societies and foundations closely involved with research and scientific merit may facilitate further financial support to such voluntary organisations and the prospect of expansion by them of the support of peer-reviewed research projects.
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PMID:Challenges to health in working life. 318 24

One hundred and seven patients aged greater than or equal to 60 years with cardiac surgery were reviewed. These patients underwent open heart surgery at University Hospital of Tokyo and JR Tokyo General Hospital during 1981 to 1987. Prevalence of the elderly with 60 years or older in all patients with cardiac surgery increased 4.1% to 20% during these seven years. Surgery for ischemic heart disease has become more common. There were less number of cases with valvular heart disease referred for surgery, but, not a few cases with calcified aortic valve or floppy mitral valve had valve replacement. Operative results were as follows: Hospital death was 6/107 patients (5.6%) and three patients died after discharge. This group of old patients was occasionally associated (14/107, 13%) with a variety of diseases including bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, and other atherosclerotic lesion or liver dysfunction. Valvular heart disease was not rarely complicated with ischemic heart disease. Postoperative complications were mainly due to renal failure, respiratory failure or low output syndrome, possibly related to associated disease. Intra-aortic balloon pumping was performed in seven of 107 patients, four of whom eventually died. In conclusion, there is a relatively high risk in cardiac surgery in old aged patients with associated diseases. We have to manage carefully old patients to avoid major postoperative complications including cardiac, respiratory and renal events. Much more old patients will have open heart surgery in the future.
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PMID:[Cardiac surgery in the aged]. 327 13

One step that employers can take to assure that employees receive such education services is pursuing coverage of education as a separate service. For some time now, insurers have shown interest in patient education services (15-17, 61), but patient education "integral to care" is typically covered only as a part of the "per diem" in the case of hospitals or as part of the visit fee in the case of outpatient visits. Education for patients with diabetes is being covered experimentally as a separate service in at least 17 states. Physicians whose practice is composed largely of "cognitive services" rather than "procedures" are also interested in education as a reimbursable service. The same arguments as described in relation to coverage of risk reduction services generally apply to this case. Education programs for employees who are under medical care can improve their adherence to the recommended regimen and hence can improve the effectiveness of care. Education and counseling prior to surgical and other stressful procedures decrease stress and the need for pain medications, and they can shorten the length of hospital stays. Education is an important component of programs to substitute home care for hospital care or expensive outpatient care. Currently, however, a patient cannot rely on usual providers of medical care to offer adequate education. Reimbursement for patient education on a selected, experimental basis is probably warranted for chronic conditions requiring complex adjustments and regimens. Cases of asthma where there is a history of hospitalization or emergency room visits is an excellent possibility. The experience of covering diabetes education should be monitored to help resolve the debate.
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PMID:Health promotion and patient education benefits for employees. 328 36

Adverse systemic reactions associated with the use of topical ophthalmic timolol, chloramphenicol, phenylephrine and cyclopentolate are surveyed, with special emphasis on precautions and contraindications for these ophthalmic drug preparations. Systemic reactions secondary to timolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist indicate that it should be used with caution in patients with asthma or a history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease and in those patients receiving systemic administration of beta-blockers or verapamil. Because significant blood dyscrasias or aplastic anaemia have been reported following topical ophthalmic chloramphenicol, the only absolute indication in ocular conditions is an organism that is resistant to all other antibiotics. Both 2.5% and 10% phenylephrine have been associated with cardiovascular effects and should be used with caution in selected patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or atropine or in those with hypertension, advanced arteriosclerotic changes, aneurysms, orthostatic hypotension, long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes and in children with low bodyweights. Central nervous system toxicity secondary to cyclopentolate is dose-related and can be avoided by use of minimal concentrations and avoidance of unnecessary repetition of administration. Occlusion of the nasolacrimal passage with finger pressure immediately after instillation of any eyedrop also decreases the amount of drug that is absorbed systemically.
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PMID:Systemic reactions to ophthalmic drug preparations. 330 68

The history of psychosomatic medicine in the 20th century is predominantly marked by a concern with studies of major diseases (e.g., angina pectoris, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, neurodermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.). Traditional physicians also narrowly focus on disease--a trend that began with Morgagni in the 18th century. But disease (defined by structural alterations) is not the only cause of illness and disability. In fact, most persons seeking health care are ill without having a disease. It is only recently that this distinction has been fully made. The various manifestations of ill-health go by a variety of descriptive names--the functional or irritable bowel and hyperventilation syndromes, fibromyositis, psychophysiological, functional and somatoform or somatization disorders. They lead to loss of productivity, cost the health care system excessively, produce negative reactions in physicians, and are fertile ground for iatrogenic disease. They do not constitute discrete syndromes but overlap, each also being closely associated with anxiety and depression, sleep disturbances or marital disruption. They are the manifestations of sick persons not only of disturbances of bodily systems. They may be precipitated by unemployment, marital discord, bereavement, and job dissatisfaction. Curiously, ill-health has not been the major area of investigative interest of psychosomatic medicine. This presentation will emphasize why it should be, and why proper interventions may radically reduce the cost of medical care, prevent iatrogenic disease, and reduce the use of ill-advised procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Some unexplored regions of psychosomatic medicine. 333 83


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