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 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Overall 995 children with different somatic chronic diseases were examined for viral hepatitis B markers demonstration using up-to-date highly sensitive methods (hemagglutination inhibition test, EIA). In the control group (children with acute intestinal infections), HBV-infection markers were discovered in 4.3%. Children with diabetes mellitus (13.1%), chronic renal diseases (18.9%), pulmonary diseases (32.8%), bronchial asthma (33.3%) and hemophilia (85.2%) are attributed to the group at greater risk for HBV infection. As a rule, the rate of HBV-infection markers demonstration in chronic somatic diseases was higher in considerable duration of the underlying illness. The overwhelming majority of the children examined had suffered subclinical forms of HBV-infection as shown by the disease history, whereupon they manifested antibodies against HBV antigens. HBs-antigenemia, that persisted for a long time (chronic HBV-infection) was demonstrable far less frequently. The authors provide evidence for the necessity of carrying out a broad-scale screening of HBV-infection markers in the indicated risk groups and vaccination against hepatitis B in children without HBsAG and without immunity to viral hepatitis B. The importance of measures aimed at preventing infections transmitted via blood is emphasized.
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PMID:[Frequency of detection of hepatitis B markers in various chronic diseases in children]. 161 3

Investigated age and gender differences in adjustment to chronic disease in children suffering from one of five conditions: diabetes, asthma, cardiac disease, epilepsy, and leukemia. Ratings of adjustment and disease-related restrictions were obtained separately from mothers and fathers. Factor analysis of the adjustment scale yielded 6 subscales which differentiated between children in terms of age and disease type, and to a lesser extent, gender. Mothers' and fathers' ratings of adjustment and restrictions were comparable, though fathers made less differentiation on the basis of disease or age. For both parents, perceived restrictions of the disease were associated with poorer adjustment in the child, and this was particularly reflected on indices of peer relations and work.
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PMID:Adjustment to chronic disease in relation to age and gender: mothers' and fathers' reports of their childrens' behavior. 164 Mar 13

Large clinical studies have established the therapeutic benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). In patients with hypertension, ACE inhibitors have been shown to lower blood pressure, with an excellent safety profile. They maintain or enhance the perfusion of vital organs and decrease or reverse cardiac hypertrophy without affecting myocardial contractility or conductivity. ACE inhibitors are safe to use in patients with coexisting conditions such as diabetes and asthma. They maintain or improve quality of life. As a consequence, ACE inhibitors are emerging as first-line drugs for the treatment of hypertension. In the treatment of CHF, ACE inhibitors have been shown to improve symptoms and morbidity, and to decrease mortality in high-risk patients. The possible benefits of early use of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of CHF are currently under investigation. Also of interest is the theoretical benefit that ACE-inhibitor therapy may have on CHF-related arrhythmias.
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PMID:The emerging role of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. 169

A case is presented of a morbidly obese parturient who had multiple medical problems. She had angina and was receiving nitrate therapy, had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma and benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumour cerebri). Lumbar epidural analgesia was chosen for labour and delivery and resulted in an uneventful outcome.
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PMID:Anaesthetic management of a complex morbidly obese parturient. 174 26

The potential role for video tape education in gastroenterology is discussed. The need for material to inform patients about their diagnoses is widely acknowledged and educators need to take advantage of modern techniques. Studies in general practice, diabetes care, and asthma care have found that videos have significant benefits when compared with conventional techniques. There are few such video tapes available to gastroenterologists. It has been shown that patients are keen to accept educational material in this form provided it is shown at a suitable time and in a suitable venue.
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PMID:The role of educational videos in gastroenterology. 176 34

Dengue fever is an acute and infectious disease produced by a togavirus. This clinical syndrome being benign or severe like the Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), has been associated with a very high mortality rate specifically in children with different ages and those under 1 year of age from mothers having antibodies to dengue virus. Other groups with potential risk factors are those patients with chronic diseases like asthma, sickle cell anaemia and diabetes mellitus. Dengue virus show a highly tropism for endothelial reticulum system as the bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes where viral antigens can be demonstrated by several immunological methods. The pathogenesis of the DHF/DSS can be considered to result from a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction where antigen-activated T lymphocytes release a variety of biologically active chemical mediators (lymphokines) with further effects on blood clotting system and vascular permeability producing the symptoms of shock and hemorrhage seen in these cases. The rapid control and hospitalization of the patients allow them to get a fast recovery without any sequelae.
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PMID:[Dengue. A review]. 182 23

Eight general practitioners participated in a survey of content of general practice. This is useful as an indicator or morbidity in the community as well as of workload of general practice. A total of 3164 consultations were recorded, of which 2764 (87%) were because of an illness and the rest (13%) for other reasons like medical examinations, antenatal check, family planning advice, pregnancy tests, pap smear and vaccination. The old and the young have high consultation rates for an illness, men consulted as often as women. The most common illness seen was upper respiratory tract infections, accounting for 37% of all illnesses. Other common minor illnesses were skin infections (6%), genito-urinary infections (5%), minor musculoskeletal (6%) and gastrointestinal (6%) complaints as well as minor injuries and cuts (4%). Major disorders form an unusually low proportion (18%) of all illnesses seen, in comparison with figures from United Kingdom. The common major disorders seen were hypertension, asthma, chronic rheumatic disorders and diabetes. Circulatory disorders were remarkably rare, accounting for only 1% of illnesses. Psychological disorders, both major and minor, were also rarely seen, accounting for only 1% of illnesses which is in marked contrast with figures from the United Kingdom. Factors contributing to these notable findings are discussed.
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PMID:Content of general practice. 183 20

Using computerized in-patients' discharge records, a descriptive analysis was carried out of all medical admission in 1987 in a general hospital. The survey found that there were a total of 4053 admissions in 1987. A wide range of medical disorders were seen reflecting the lack of subspecialization. Cardiovascular disorders topped accounting for 25.6% of all admissions, followed by gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders 12.8% and respiratory disorders 10.7%. The commonest specific medical disorders seen were hypertension 13.8%, diabetes mellitus 10.2%, ischaemic heart disease 7% and asthma 4.5%. The age, sex, ethnic and geographical distributions of the common medical disorders seen appear to conform to two broad pattern; hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease affected the older patients, had even ethic distribution and predominantly urban. Malaria, non-specific fever, viral hepatitis and acute gastroenteritis affected the younger patients, predominantly rural and Malay. Information from such surveys may be useful for planning and organization of medical services.
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PMID:Descriptive analysis of total medical admissions and common medical disorders in 1987 Kuantan General Hospital, using computerized in-patients' discharge record. 183 19

A consecutive series of 84 patients operated by the same surgical team was studied in order to identify risk factors for post operative infection. Female sex and longer antibiotic prophylaxis were significantly associated with higher infection risk; the risk of dying of infection was more pronounced with infected men than with infected women. Diabetes, undernutrition, low albumin serum level in the first or in the fifth day post-operatively, asthma or pneumonia in the past did not correlate with infectious risk, as well as use of antibiotic before surgery or longer hospitalization before surgery.
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PMID:[Risk factors for infection after heart surgery]. 184 23

This study was undertaken with the aim of improving the understanding of the phenomenon of compliance in adolescents presenting with chronic diseases. In 192 subjects aged 12 to 20 years presenting with diabetes, asthma, cystic fibrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, appointment keeping, compliance with prescribed medical regimens or general instructions and the filling up of a calendar describing the daily levels of fatigue were studied. Correlations (Pearson) between these various types of measurements were weak: from 0.04 to 0.26. Appointment keeping was about 90%. Overall compliance either with treatments or with general instructions was 50% only (without clearcut changes according to diseases); however only 11% of subjects presented with a good compliance with all the treatment components. Various factors (familial environment, perception of the disease and of the patient-physician relationships) were significantly associated with compliance (p less than 0.005). These results emphasize the necessity of taking care of all aspects of compliance, which is difficult to predict at this age, due to the multiple factors involved.
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PMID:[Compliance in adolescents with chronic disease]. 185 34


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