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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently new radioimmunoassay methods have been established to measure plasma concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet release products which are set free when platelets aggregate. Plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 were investigated in disorders with increased thromboembolic risk. Extremely high concentrations of these platelet proteins were found in patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, polycythemia vera, and chronic renal failure. Moderately increased beta-TG and PF4 levels were observed in patients with peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, and diabetes mellitus. These data indicate, that plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 are useful parameters for the evaluation of the "in vivo" platelet activity. By using these new methods for clinical applications special blood sampling conditions have been taken into account; moreover one has to consider that the plasma levels of the platelet "release products" are dependent from renal function.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of the radioimmunological determination of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4]. 9 43

For decases certain diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma and serum sickness, have been linked with autoimmune pathogenesis. During recent years a host of additional diseases traditionally thought to have some genetic predisposition but with obscure etiology have been suspected of being autoimmune in nature. Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, myasthenia gravis and thyroiditis are diseases of widely divergent organ systems, yet may well have common pathways of pathology via immune complexing mechanisms. Herein we present evidence supporting the concept that renal artery stenosis (occurring primarily in association with the middle aortic syndrome or after renal transplantation) is of immune etiology. Although the specific antigenic agent is still to be defined there is growing acceptance of the theory that medium and large vessels are subject to autoimmune vasculitis in many aspects similar to the autoimmune affections of small vessels. Several cases are presented. Some of these suggest an immune reaction by the natural history but without evidence of immunochemical reactants in the involved vessels, presumably because active disease was arrested at the time to study. In other cases immunofluorescent preparations demonstrate reactants in the walls of the vessels to document the hypothesis more convincingly.
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PMID:Immunologic considerations in renovascular hypertension. 13 96

It now appears unequivocal that three markers exist in a linkage group in chromosome 6 of man: HLA-A, HLA-B and PGM3 (Fig. 1.) Tentatively, two other HLA loci and one Ir gene have been mapped close to HLA-B. The probable map order is HLA-A - HLA-C - HLA-B - HLA-D - Ir. The biological functions of these loci are unknown. However, HLA-A, B and C are important in allograft rejection. Other closely linked loci (HDR, CML) appear to be important in the first events of the allograft rejection (first set) and in generation of killer cells. HLA-D might be important in cellular recognition and graft-versus-host reactions (matching at HLA-D decreases the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease), and the Ir genes in the defense against infections. HLA-B and HLA-D loci are important markers in studies of disease susceptibility. HLA-B locus antigens HLA-B27 and HLA-B8 are frequently associated with arthritic or autoimmune disorders. HLA-D determinants have been found in association with multiple sclerosis and C2 deficiency (HLA-DW2); juvenile diabetes and Addison's disease (HLA-DW3) and adult type of rheumatoid arthritis (HLA-DW4).
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PMID:Immunogenetic aspects of allotransplantation. 13 74

A study of 100 cases of vitiligo showed the frequency of associated skin and visceral lesions. A skin disease was associated in 24 cases: psoriasis 4 cases, alopecia 4 cases, eczema 3 cases, malignant melanoma 2 cases, dermatitis herpetiformis 1 case, lichen planus 9 cases. However, only one case of Sutton's naevus was noted. Among other associations noted in 28 cases, there were 7 cases of thyroid disease, 5 cases of diabetes, 1 case of chronic rheumatoid arthritis and 3 gastric disorders. The frequency of these various associations was discussed in the light of other authors' reports. If one compares the 21 cases associated with auto-immune disease and the other cases of vitiligo, there was no significant difference for the various parameters studied. Thus the significance of the various biological signs of autoimmunisation remains doubtful and even the precise definition of vitiligo remains uncertain.
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PMID:[Clinical and statistical study of 100 patients with vitiligo. II. Associated lesions]. 18 47

Cold non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins were found to be principally reactive against B lymphocytes. These antibodies were studied in 1335 patients with a wide range of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, Hashimoto's disease, asthma, diabetes, lymphoma, psoriasis, leukemia, multiple sclerosis, and also in healthy donors. Antibodies reactive to B lymphocytes in the cold or warm test conditions were not directed against HLA specificities. Since B lymphocytes differ from T lymphocytes principally in that they have surface immunoglobulin, it is postulated that at least one target antigen of cold lymphocyte cytotoxins is not a virus, infectious agent, or a genetically determined structural antigen, but, rather, simply immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Non-HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins in various diseases. 31 13

A patient with moderately severe rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus receiving steroids developed septic arthritis due to Serratia marcescens. Treatment with a new cephalosporin analogue, intra-articular and intramuscular gentamicin, and chloramphenicol alone and in combination proved ineffective. Finally, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy, given for a protracted period, eradicated the infection without the need for surgical drainage.
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PMID:Medical treatment of Serratia arthritis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 35 87

Forty patients with diabetes mellitus and rheumatic disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, soft-tissue rheumatism) were included in a double-blind trial with the purpose of investigating whether the concomitant administration of tolmetin and glibenclamide leads to an interaction. No significant alterations of blood and urine glucose values could be found in comparison to placebo. Therefore it can be assumed that there is no interaction between these two substances.
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PMID:Clinical studies of the interaction between tolmetin and glibenclamide. 41 Jul 40

For decades certain diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma and serum sickness, have been linked with autoimmune pathogenesis. During recent years a host of additional diseases traditionally thought to have some genetic predisposition but with obscure etiology have been suspected of being autoimmune in nature. Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, myasthenia gravis and thyroiditis are diseases of widely divergent organ systems, yet may well have common pathways of pathology via immune complexing mechanisms. Herein we present evidence supporting the concept that renal artery stenosis (occurring primarily in association with the middle aortic syndrome or after renal transplantation) is of immune etiology. Although the specific antigenic agent is still to be defined there is growing acceptance of the theory that medium and large vessels are subject to autoimmune vasculitis in many aspects similar to the autoimmune affections of small vessels. Several cases are presented. Some of these suggest an immune reaction by the natural history but without evidence of immunochemical reactants in the involved vessels, presumably because active disease was arrested at the time of study. In other cases immunofluorescent preparations demonstrate reactants in the walls of the vessels to document the hypothesis more convincingly.
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PMID:Immunologic considerations in renovascular hypertension. 78 14

A conservative approach to foot problems is especially useful in patients with diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, diminished circulatory changes, and those who are too debilitated for surgical treatment. If one will start with either the medial heel wedge or the anterior heel correction, some response should be evident within 4 to 6 weeks. If the response after a trial period of approximately two to three months for a heel wedge or another two to three months for the anterior heel doesn't relieve pain, then perhaps some other problem might now become easier to localize, i.e. Morton's toe syndrome, hallux valgus, soft or hard corns, or hammertoe deformities. When the anterior heel is prescribed many foot problems other than metatarsalgia will stop being symptomatic and surgery treatment can be bypassed. A physician must know about the supply of shoes in the community and, if necessary, instigate a better inventory of available shoes. In addition, it is necessary to establish good rapport with the shoe repair man so that he will not intrude in your patient rapport or alter your directions. Patients also need advice about losing weight. Frequently a loss of 15 or 20 pounds will change a patient's complaint from one of extremely discomforting daily weight-bearing to a tolerance of a fair amount of walking and at least a reduction of the complaints to a more endurable and functional level. One can't expect the shoe correction to do everything for everyone. The anterior heel isn't the whole solution to the complicated problem but it helps to have patients begin to see results in more comfort in their shoe wear.
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PMID:The anterior heel for metatarsalgia in the adult foot. 85 20

Accumulated literature over the past 25 years about the team approach to chronic disease can be divided into three broad categories: (1) the opinion base which reflects statements of belief and faith, (2) the descriptive base which contains details and personal testimony of programs using team concepts and (3) the study base which includes serious research efforts to investigate the effectiveness of team care in various settings. An analysis of the articles in the last category provides a useful insight into the problems and possibilities associated with this neglected area of health care research. The populations studied include patients with heart disease, hypertension, stroke, hip fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and groups referred for comprehensive rehabilitation. The majority of the studies demonstrated improved outcomes in one or more areas for patients receiving coordinated team care when compared with control groups. Although these studies serve as a useful guide, the extent to which the findings can be generalized is open to serious question. In the absence of additional research, team care will remain as it is today, largely a matter of faith and the subject of many platitudes. An outline is proposed of the major methodological features which should be considered in the planning and/or evaluation of future studies in this area.
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PMID:Team care in chronic illness: a critical review of the literature of the past 25 years. 98 51


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