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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper is a unique pathological description of a bilateral, symmetric, anterior, temporal ischemic optic neuropathy with the morphological characteristics of cavernous optic atrophy initially described by Schnabel in glaucomatous eyes. The 80-year-old woman had suffered from cardiac insufficiency and diabetes mellitus for many years. She died from sepsis and circulatory collapse due to ischemic colitis, intestinal perforation, and peritonitis. There was widespread arteriosclerosis but no evidence of giant-cell arteritis. Cell loss was demonstrated in both retinas, the chiasm, and in the central lateral geniculate body. These represent a retrograde, descending and ascending optic atrophy, with transsynaptic degeneration in the LGB. A small craniopharyngioma was found by chance in the infundibulum. Neither clinically nor morphologically were there any signs of glaucoma.
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PMID:[Histopathology of the retina, optic fascicle and lateral geniculate body in chronic, bilateral symmetric ischemic Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy]. 224 78

A 10-year and 5-year longitudinal study of the hearing threshold of the aged was performed during 1977-1987 and 1982-1987. The results showed that the annual hearing loss was 1.0dB in the 10-year group, 1.03dB in the 5-year group for males and 0.7dB in the 5-year group for females. Annual hearing loss in the aged with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebral arteriosclerosis and diabetes was much higher than that in the healthy ones (P less than 0.05). The rates of hearing loss between 60 and 70 years of age was not significantly different among the healthy males (P greater than 0.05). In the 5-year group the hearing loss at 4-8k Hz was much milder in the healthy females than in the healthy male s (P less than 0.05).
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PMID:[Changes of hearing threshold in the elderly]. 236 77

The relationship between coronary risk factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis (coronary score: CS) was estimated in 225 male subjects (aged 29-82 years, median 60 years old) who had undergone coronary arteriography for suspected coronary heart disease. CS was positively related to age, and levels of fasting blood sugar, uric acid, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. Alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein AI and AII levels were inversely correlated to CS. Although, the level of CS was significantly higher in diabetics and hypertensives than in non-diabetics and non-hypertensives, the difference of CS level between diabetics and non-diabetics was more remarkable than that between hypertensives and non-hypertensives. Furthermore the ratio of Apo-B/Apo-AI was the most sensitive index of coronary artery stenosis rather than conventional atherogenic indices such as (TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C. Correlation between CS and the ratio of Apo-B/Apo-AI was positively and closely associated with aging, and this positive relationship was observed even in non-drinkers, heavier drinkers, non-diabetics and non-hypertensives. The reweighted least squares based on the least median of squares regression analysis indicated that about 27% of the variation in CS could be accounted for by age, complication of diabetes mellitus, complication of hypertension and the ratio of Apo-B/Apo-AI. These results indicate that the ratio of Apo-B/Apo-AI is a more sensitive parameter of the severity of coronary artery stenosis than any other atherogenic index. Further, aging, complication of diabetes mellitus, complication of hypertension and an increased level of the ratio of Apo-B/Apo-AI were responsible factors for the severity of coronary arteriosclerosis in male subjects.
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PMID:[Clinical estimation of coronary risk factors with special reference to coronary arteriographic findings]. 238 94

Microalbuminuria is associated with progression to renal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes and with increased mortality in noninsulin-dependent diabetes. In contrast, few studies have addressed the effect of microalbuminuria on cardiovascular risk in nondiabetics. We, therefore, determined the level of microalbuminuria in 316 nondiabetic subjects from the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Microalbuminuria (greater than or equal to 30 mg/l) was found in 42 of these 316 subjects (13%). Subjects with microalbuminuria had significantly higher blood pressure, triglyceride concentration, sum of insulin concentrations during a glucose tolerance test, and prevalence of hypertension and of self-reported myocardial infarction than subjects without microalbuminuria. When subjects with hypertension were excluded (n = 27), normotensive subjects with microalbuminuria (n = 31) still had significantly higher triglyceride concentrations and insulin sum than normotensive subjects without microalbuminuria (n = 258), suggesting that an increased atherogenic risk factor pattern exists even in normotensive subjects with microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria may be a marker for cardiovascular risk, although it is not certain whether microalbuminuria causes these metabolic changes or results from some metabolic disturbance such as insulin resistance.
Arteriosclerosis
PMID:Microalbuminuria. Potential marker for increased cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic subjects? 240

In a comparative histopathologic autopsy study, 100 patients with diabetes mellitus were compared to 100 without this condition with respect to the presence of chronic pancreatopathy. No qualitative differences in specific alterations could be identified. In diabetic patients, however, intralobular and interacinar fibrosis, lipomatosis and atrophy of the parenchyma occurred more frequently and tended to be more severe. These alterations were also associated with the duration and severity of the diabetic condition and with the age of the patient and the degree of arteriosclerosis. On the other hand alterations of the ductal system and the presence of periductal fibrosis appeared to be less frequent in the diabetic group. The more marked pancreatopathic changes which were observed in the diabetics may be interpreted as resulting from a decreased regenerative ability of the parenchyma in higher age especially in the face of arteriosclerotic circulatory deficits in diabetes. Hormonal-metabolic regulatory disturbances in the function of the acinar pancreatic parenchyma due to the insulin deficit in the capillary net may also play a role.
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PMID:[Pancreatopathy in diabetes mellitus]. 242 49

Parameters of fibrinolysis, including euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-inhibitor) activity, and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex (PAP) were studied in 62 patients (35 women and 27 men; ages 53 +/- 16 years) with either insulin-dependent (IDDM) or noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus. Compared to a control group of similar age (n = 57), the diabetic patients had a significantly lower mean euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (1.2 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but significantly higher mean t-PA antigen (15.7 +/- 8.4 vs. 6.6 +/- 2.9 ng/ml, p less than 0.001) and PA-inhibitor activity (2.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 IU/ml, p less than 0.001) levels. Significant univariate correlations were observed between PA-inhibitor activity and age (r = 0.32, p less than 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.42, p less than 0.01) and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (r = -0.40, p less than 0.01). In multivariate analysis, only body mass index (positively) and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (negatively) remained significantly related to PA-inhibitor activity in the total diabetic population as well as in the NIDDM group. The only parameter in the IDDM group significantly related to PA-inhibitor activity was diastolic blood pressure. These results suggest that PA-inhibitor plays a role in the regulation of fibrinolysis in diabetes patients and that factors like obesity and hypertension may be related to reduced fibrinolysis via PA-inhibitor levels.
Arteriosclerosis
PMID:Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor in diabetes mellitus. 244 56

The extent of glycation in pieces of human aorta was estimated by determining the content of furosine, which is derived from fructose-lysine through acid hydrolysis. Glycation of human aorta was found to increase with advancing age. A significant positive correlation was found between the degree of atherosclerosis and the furosine level in the aorta in subjects over 60 years of age. Furthermore, the furosine level in the aortae of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects of the same age. These results suggest not only that glycation in the aorta may increase with aging and with the development of arteriosclerosis, but also that diabetes may be related as well to premature aging as to arteriosclerosis.
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PMID:Age- and diabetes-accelerated glycation in the human aorta. 250 75

DHEA, a steroid precursor of androgens and estrogens has also an inhibitory effect on several enzymes, namely on 11 beta-hydroxylase, NADH oxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The latter is the rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate cycle. This metabolic pathway provides the cells with extramitochondrial NADPH and pentose phosphates. NADPH is used for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids. Together with ribose 5-phosphate, NADPH (as coenzyme of folate reductases) is required for the synthesis of nucleic acids. A deficient production of DHEA has been found to be responsible for several diseases obesity, diabetes type 2, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and hyperuricemia as well as malignant growth (low DHEA syndrome). DHEA administration favourably modified several of these metabolic disorders. These studies were started in our laboratory in 1962 and stopped in 1976 because we were short of DHEA. At that time the response to our results was rather theoretical, but the last years a new wave of interest in DHEA called for two consecutive symposia, where important findings were presented (Paris in January and Jena in April 1989). It is a damage that this new trend, started in our laboratory, could not be pursued up to now without interruption.
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PMID:[Dehydroepiandrosterone. Renaissance after 13 years]. 252 67

The relation of the changes in the conjunctival blood vessels to the age were studied in a group of 217 persons aged 20 to 79 years. All persons suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes, systemic diseases and manifested forms of arteriosclerosis were excluded. It has been proved that examination of the conjunctival blood vessels by means of the slot-lamp facilitates the study of the changes in the microscopic blood vessels in relation to the age. Most conspicuous was the increase of the meander course of the blood vessels, also the increasing number of blood vessels is more frequent in the group of older persons. Clusters of vessels and a narrowing of the diameter of the arterioles was seen only in persons over fifty years of age. The "upright" course of the arterioles was found only in individual cases and without any special dependence to age. Sacculations on the small veins and microaneurysms on the arterioles were not observed in any of the examined group of healthy persons.
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PMID:[Aging changes in conjunctival blood vessels]. 257 12

This article uses the indicator "Years of Potential Life Lost" (YPLL) to rank the major causes of premature death in Puerto Rico. This highlights the importance of accidents. When the YPLL computed for 1986 are compared to those for 1977, we can detect reductions in premature mortality due to cerebrovascular diseases and arteriosclerosis, and marked increases due to diabetes, homicides, and pneumonias and influenzas. The latter three causes are highly associated with lifestyles; the prevention of premature mortality in Puerto Rico therefore requires behavioral changes and environmental measures to reduce the risk factors linked with the etiology of these conditions.
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PMID:[Lost years of potential capacity: mortality in Puerto Rico, 1986]. 261 49


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