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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a so called "glaucoma-week" the intraocular pressure of 4661 persons was measured and the statistics obtained were evaluated according to the spss-program. The mean value of the intraocular pressure was 17.18 mm Hg, the standard deviation +/-3.78 mm Hg. The frequencies of various pressure values were in accordance with a Gaussian distribution up to 21 mm Hg. For higher applanation scores a deviation from the Gaussian line became obvious, increasing in intensity with age. Therefore a subpopulation is postulated consisting of persons with diabetes, arteriosclerosis or family history of glaucoma.
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PMID:[Results of a glaucoma mass screening program (author's transl)]. 101 66

ONe hundred twelve patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass--35 with diabetes of adult onset and 77 without diabetes--were studied to determine whether diabetic patients have additional operative risks and greater operative mortality and whether their coronary disease differs from that of nondiabetic patients. Among the diabetic patients there was a greater prevalence of preoperative unstable angina, prior myocardial infarction and class IV functional disability (New York Heart Association criteria). The major coronary arteries angiographically and at operation appeared similar in both groups. The blood flow rates measured in aortocoronary bypass vein grafts were similar in both groups, raising doubt about the presence of microvascular disease in the myocardium of the diabetic patient. Preliminary follow-up results demonstrated relief of anginal symptoms in 76 percent of diabetic and 78 percent of nondiabetic patients. The operative mortality rate of 9 percent in diabetic and 4 percent in nondiabetic patients occurred among the first 40 patients in the series; no patient in either group has died in the immediate postoperative period during the last 18 months of the study. Aortocoronary bypass should be recommended to diabetic patients with symptomatic coronary arteriosclerosis using the same criteria for operability applied to the nondiabetic population.
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PMID:Aortocoronary bypass in the diabetic patient. 107 97

Macroscopic and light microscopic features of regional ischemic infarcts of retina in autopsy eyes are described. Lesions were found throughout life span, most patients having significant primary or secondary vascular disease (younger had systemic hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, vasculitis or sickle hemoglobinopathy; most older patients had arteriosclerosis). Diabetes mellitus and infarction of other organs (including brain) also were common. Topographically almost all lesions were found in posterior fundus; most were temporal and involved anatomical macula. Microscopically there was destruction of inner retinal layers with preservation of outermost cells of inner nuclear layer; occasionally ganglion cell layer was relatively spared.
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PMID:Regional ischemic infarcts of the retina. 108 10

The known risk factors for atherosclerosis do not possess the same significance in young people as in the elderly. Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking appear to have a greater bearing below the age of 50 than later, particularly in myocardial infarction but also in apoplexy. On the other hand, hypertension is an important factor in the young and, especially in the case of apoplexy, even more so in advanced age. There is marked difference with regard to preexisting heart disease, which scarcely plays a role in myocardial infarction of the younger patient but is a factor in some 50% of hemiplegia cases. Only one fifth of elderly patients with this disease have no preexisting carcdiopathy. The similarity of the risk factors in elderly patients either with or without apoplexy is due to the fact that arteriosclerosis is already established in both groups and the risk factors which give rise to ischemia, thrombosis or embolism assume prominence. The therapeutic implications are briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Risk factors and age]. 113 58

Blood lipids, their alterations and methods of determination are reviewed. Serum values are compared in a series consisting of 20 cases of eye disease not caused by arteriosclerosis, 16 of chronic glaucoma, 14 of diabetes mellitus without retinopathy, 13 of occlusion of the central retinal artery, 16 of the retinal haemorrhage, 21 of retinal vein thrombosis, and 24 of sclerosis of the retinal fundus. Abnormal pictures, particularly with respect to the beta-alphaprotein ratio, were observed and it is suggested that their recognition and correction can serve as a guide in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis and its ocular complications.
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PMID:[Relations between blood lipids and some eye diseases associated with arteriosclerosis]. 115 32

The epidemiological, clinical and instrumental features of cerebral circulatory insufficiency are examined in an assessment of the criteria required for correct diagnosis. The need to refer to both direct and indirect criteria is illustrated in the light of a series of cases. From the 4th decade of life onwards, males are more prone to cerebral arteriosclerosis. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are significant risk factors. The findings obtained by various methods of examination are critically discussed. Their correct interpretation naturally demands correlation with the clinical data.
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PMID:[Correlation of some instrumental, metabolic and clinical parameters in cerebral atherosclerosis]. 119 42

The changes in the aortal pulse-wave velocity (PWV) occurring in connection with and dependent on spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure has been recorded at intervals over the years in 183 normotensive men, who were aged from 17-74 at the beginning of the long term study. An essential condition was that the diastolic blood pressure should not exceed 95 mm Hg and the systolic 145 mm Hg. In order to eliminate the effect of age on the PWV between 2 measurements, and so to obtain a "pure" PWV-mean pressure relationship (c-p relationships), 7 cm/sec per year was subtracted from the c-value of the second measurement before the age of 55 and 9 cm/sec per year after that age. The differences quotient delta cp as a standard for the change of c with the mean pressure p was obtained from the difference between two c values (c1-c2) taken at different times, converted to a pressure change of 10 mm Hg, and divided by the difference of the mean pressure levels belonging to them (p1-p2). In applying the appropriate age correction to c2, the time factor had no statistically recognisable effect on delta cp. In 78% of the cases in our long term study, c rose and fell with p, in 22%, the changes of c were at variance with the changes of p. Taking into consideration all the test subjects, delta cp averaged 0.40 m/sec. Before the age of 55, delta cp is smaller (0.30 m/sec) than above that age (0.55 m/sec). The age difference of delta cp is significant ( = 0.05). When the concordant c-p relationships alone were calculated, delta cp was 0.70 m/sec and scarcely differed from the delta cp values of hypertensives published earlier (0.60 m/sec: also concordant c-p relationships only). The generally lower delta cp values from group cross sections (in contrast to the longitudinal investigations) are explained by an unrecognisable admixture of discordant c-p relationships. In a range of pressure from 90-170 mm Hg, delta cp was shown to be independent of the level of the initial pressure. Also the magnitude of the (spontaneous) mean pressure variation (5-70 mm Hg, normotensives - hypertensives) seems to have no effect on the statistical mean value of delta cp. delta cp is, however, dependent on the direction of the pressure change in normotensives (just as with hypertensives), even when age is taken into account. If the pressure is reduced, c is higher and delta cp (p = 0.05) is greater than when the blood pressure is increased. The c-p relationship traverses a kind of loop (counterclockwise). In the discussion, an attempt is made to point out the effect of the vascular musculature on delta cp, which threads conspicuously through the comparison of the physiological delta cp values with the delta cp values in arteriosclerosis (hypertension; diabetes) and in endurance training. From this it can be deduced that normal values for c and delta cp in arteriosclerosis indicate that the musculature is still capable of maintaining a normal elastic function even with considerable regressive changes in the vessel wall.
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PMID:[Spontaneous changes in blood pressure and aortal pulse wave velocity in normotensive subjects (results of a long term study in 183 men) author's transl)]. 120 46

According to international consensus, microalbuminuria is defined as an elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of 20-200 micrograms/min, which is below the proteinuric range. Nephropathy is a major complication in IDDM, seen in about 30% of patients after many years of diabetes. Increasing microalbuminuria is an excellent marker of subsequent nephropathy in these patients. End-stage diabetic nephropathy is also important in NIDDM, but in most Western countries this serious complication eventually develops in only 5 to 10% of cases, whereas the majority of patients die before this from cardiovascular disease. In completely healthy individuals there is no clear correlation between age and UAER, at least up to about 70 years of age. The mean excretion rate is around 5 micrograms/min, with a considerable range, but excretion only rarely exceeds 15 micrograms/min. In population studies among middle-aged and elderly individuals, higher values are seen. In newly diagnosed NIDDM about 40% of patients show an excretion rate above 15-20 micrograms/min. There is a significant but not precise correlation between albumin excretion rate and glycemic control, and usually UAER is reduced by standard antidiabetic treatment. In a considerable number of patients, high values cannot be reduced. In the course of NIDDM about 20-30% of patients show microalbuminuria. In patients with known diabetes, microalbuminuria is related not only to subsequent diabetic proteinuria, but even more strongly to early death, mainly from cardiovascular disease. Even slight microalbuminuria (15-40 mg/l in early morning urines) is clearly associated with increased mortality. In subjects with newly detected elevated blood glucose (by screening) microalbuminuria also predicts early mortality. The mechanisms are not established, but several arteriosclerosis-related risk factors are seen more frequently in patients with microalbuminuria, e.g. lipid abnormalities, elevated systolic blood pressure (BP), hemostatic measures, as well other markers of cardiovascular disease. Usually there is a significant but not precise correlation between BP and UAER in groups of patients throughout the course of diabetes. New studies document that also in the elderly background population microalbuminuria is a significant risk factor for early death, maybe even stronger than the established risk markers, which thus may be confounded with the presence of microalbuminuria.
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PMID:Microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 129 5

During a 4-year period, acute renal failure was observed in 27 patients (mean age 65 years) treated by various angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for hypertension, heart failure, or a combination of both. None had significant renal artery stenosis on angiography. Overt volume depletion was present in 21 and hypotension in 12 cases. All patients received diuretic therapy and/or a low-salt diet. Other facilitating factors included cardiac failure, pre-existing chronic renal insufficiency, combined therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and diabetes mellitus. Twenty-two patients had two or more of these factors at presentation. A renal biopsy performed in 10 cases showed severe arteriosclerosis of small renal arteries in eight and acute tubular necrosis in five instances. Therapy comprised volume expansion, and withdrawal of diuretics and, except in two patients, of ACE inhibitors. Twenty-one patients recovered normal renal function, two died, and permanent renal damage remained in four. These results suggest that sodium depletion has a critical role in inducing acute renal failure, whose outcome is not always benign. A combination of diuretics and ACE inhibitors should be prescribed with caution, especially in older patients with small as well as with large renal vessel disease.
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PMID:Acute renal failure after the use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in patients without renal artery stenosis. 131 66

The clinical phenotype of Werner's syndrome (WS) includes short stature, premature cataracts, skin atrophy, osteoporosis, graying and loss of hair, neoplasia, diabetes mellitus, and arteriosclerosis. Cultured cells from patients with this autosomal recessive disorder exhibit chromosomal instability and a markedly reduced replicative lifespan and growth rate. To elucidate the cell cycle alterations associated with the growth deficit, we continuously labeled lymphoid cell lines from five WS patients and from four healthy adult controls with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Bivariate Hoechst 33258/ethidium bromide flow cytometry revealed a 2.4-h prolongation in the minimal duration of the S phase of WS cells (P less than 0.005). Moreover, the fraction of proliferating cells irreversibly arrested in the S phase (5.4% vs 1.4% in controls) was significantly elevated in WS (P less than 0.001). Other cell cycle compartments were not significantly affected in WS cell lines. As a partial test of the hypothesis that the WS phenotype is due to a defect in DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) or DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) we exposed lymphoid cells from a healthy control to the topo I inhibitor camptothecin or to the topo II inhibitor 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidine. The cell kinetic alterations elicited by these compounds differed from that exhibited by untreated WS patients. Thus, a primary defect in topo I or II is unlikely in WS. Our cell cycle results, however, provide important evidence that the biochemical genetic lesion is in fact expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines, the most readily available cells from such subjects.
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PMID:Impaired S-phase transit of Werner syndrome cells expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines. 132 51


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