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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disorders of lipid metabolism, either hyperlipidemia or hypolipidemia, are associated with the formation of corneal opacities. Corneal arcus, the most commonly encountered peripheral corneal opacity, is frequently associated with abnormal serum lipid levels, but may occur without any predisposing factors. Reports also have linked corneal arcus with alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic heart disease. Unilateral arcus is a rare entity that is associated with carotid artery disease or ocular hypotony. Diffuse corneal opacities associated with hypolipidemic disorders such as LCAT deficiency, fish eye disease and Tangier disease, may be the initial manifestation of these disorders and puts the ophthalmologist in a position to make an early diagnosis. Corneal arcus, along with a central corneal opacity, is seen in Schnyder's crystalline stromal distrophy. The association of the disorder with a dyslipidemia remains controversial. A review of lipid metabolism, corneal arcus and several disorders of lipid metabolism that affect the cornea are presented.
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PMID:The cornea and disorders of lipid metabolism. 192 41

Two Italian rural cohorts of men aged 40-59 years, were examined in 1960 within the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases and a total of 1712 men were enrolled (participation rate 98.8%). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured and 35-year follow-up made for vital status, mortality and cause of death. Cardiovascular diseases represented the first cause of death (46.2%), cancer the second (29.9%). The association between risk factors measured at baseline and the occurrence of cardiovascular deaths was tested by the use of multivariate functions (proportional hazards model in particular) which predict an event as a function of many possible factors. The predicted fatal events were, among men initially free of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease-restricted criteria (CHD-RC), coronary heart disease-broad criteria (CHD-BC), strokes (STR), and all cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The predicting variables were 21 risk factors of different nature. All models were highly discriminant between cases and non-cases. The predictivity of risk factors was assessed by testing the statistical significance of their multivariate coefficients, and by computing relative risks (expressed as hazards ratios) for standard differences in their levels. Age and systolic blood pressure produced significant coefficients and large hazards ratios in solutions for all end-points; cholesterol and cigarette smoking in three (not for STR); vital capacity (inverse relationship) and gerontoxon in two; physical activity (inverse relationship), forced expiratory volume (inverse relationship), urine glucose, family history of heart attack, and xanthelasma in one each. Marital status, family history of hypertension or diabetes, body mass index, skinfold thickness, arm circumference, shoulder-pelvis shape, laterality-linearity index, trunk-height ratio, and heart rate never provided a significant contribution to prediction. As an example, a difference of 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure corresponds to a relative risk (excess risk) of 1.50 for CHD-RC, 1.46 for CHD-BC, 1.42 for STR and 1.43 for CVD; a difference of 40 mg/dl of serum cholesterol corresponds to relative risks of 1.38, 1.33, 1.13 and 1.25 respectively for the four end-points; a difference of 10 cigarettes smoked per day corresponds to relative risks of 1.19, 1.21, 1.06 and 1.17 respectively for the four end-points. The findings indicate that some cardiovascular risk factors measured once in middle age retain a long term association with prediction of future cardiovascular events, up to 35 years follow-up.
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PMID:A single risk factor measurement predicts 35-year mortality from cardiovascular disease. 988 88

The corneal neurotrophic status was evaluated in 110 patients (220 eyes) with diabetes mellitus and in 20 normal controls (40 eyes). Corneal abnormalities (gerontoxon, limb vascularization, punctate keratopathy, endothelial dystrophy, relapsing erosion, corneal ulcers) were detected in 73.6% diabetics. Corneal changes depended on the type, duration, and compensation of diabetes mellitus. Based on the diagnostic markers (threshold sensitivity of the cornea, microcirculatory status, bulbar conjunctiva status, level of lacrimal production, cellular composition of the limb smears impressions, lacrimal levels of catecholamines, hydroperoxides, and lipids), three types of diabetic neuropathy of the cornea were distinguished: vegetative, sensory, and vegetosensory. Corneal changes were associated with signs of diabetic neuropathy in 55.6% cases and with autonomic nervous disorders of the cardiovascular system in 46.9% cases, which evidences a generalized involvement. The detected neurotrophic features of the cornea should be borne in mind when choosing pathogenetic therapy for diabetics with corneal complications and preparing the patients to ocular surgery.
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PMID:[Clinical and pathogenetic features of neurotrophic corneal disorders in diabetes]. 1066 77

Corneal arcus is a lipid-rich and predominantly extracellular deposit that forms at the corneoscleral limbus. It represents the most common peripheral corneal opacity and is not associated with tissue breakdown but rather with the deposition of lipids. The deposition of cholesterol in the peripheral cornea and arterial wall are similar in that both are accelerated by elevated serum levels of atherogenic lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Corneal arcus is more prevalent in men than in women and in Blacks than in Whites. Its prevalence increases with advancing age. It has been associated with hypercholesterolemia, xanthelasmas, alcohol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes, age, and coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether or not corneal arcus is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The present systematic review examines the relationship of corneal arcus and CHD to determine if corneal arcus is an independent CHD risk factor. We conclude that there is no consensus that corneal arcus is an independent risk factor. The presence of corneal arcus in a young person should prompt a search for lipid abnormalities. Also, because corneal arcus represents physical evidence of early lipid deposition, its presence suggests the need for aggressive lipid therapy.
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PMID:Corneal arcus as coronary artery disease risk factor. 1704 31