Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anatomical distribution and volume fractions of pancreatic A cells (glucagon), B cells (insulin) and D cells (somatostatin) were evaluated by an immunoperoxidase technique in 6 diabetic cats, 6 normoglycaemic glucose-intolerant cats and 6 normal control cats. Islets lacking A cells were observed in some sections from the right lobe of the pancreas which correlated with a significantly lower A cell volume fraction in the right pancreatic lobe. Endocrine cell volume fractions in normoglycaemic glucose-intolerant cats were not significantly different from controls. Thus, a reduction in B cell volume fraction was not necessary for the occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance in these cats. However, the reduction of B cell volume fraction in the 2 normoglycaemic glucose-intolerant cats with insular amyloidosis may in part explain the more severely impaired glucose tolerance previously observed in these cats. Insular amyloidosis in our feline diabetics, as in human type II diabetics, was associated with a significant decrease in A and B cell volume fractions. In both human type II and feline diabetes mellitus, however, the reduction in B cell mass does not appear sufficient alone to lead to diabetes mellitus. Therefore, amyloid replacement of functional endocrine cells does not appear to be the primary diabetogenic event in feline diabetes mellitus, but may contribute to progression of the condition due to loss of functional B cell reserves. We thus postulate that a B cell defect precedes deposition of islet amyloid and that these amyloid deposits may thus provide an important biochemical clue to specific B cell derangements occurring in adult-onset diabetics.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical morphometry of pancreatic endocrine cells in diabetic, normoglycaemic glucose-intolerant and normal cats. 287 60

Between January 1976 and December 1987, 278 patients (172 men, 106 women) aged over 15 and living in a region of some 400,000 inhabitants were treated with dialysis for end-stage chronic renal failure (CRF). The annual incidence of new cases treated was evaluated separately for 3 consecutive 4-year periods: 1976-79 (period A), 1980-83 (period B) and 1984-87 (period C). The incidence rose from 4.6-4.9 in periods A and B to 7.8/100,000 in period C, i.e. a 38 per cent progression. At the start of dialysis the mean age of women did not significantly vary throughout the 3 periods, whereas it increased significantly in men during period C. There was a significant increase of primary glomerulonephritis (GN) throughout the 3 periods: 1.25, 1.70 and 2.35/100,000 respectively; this disease accounted for 27.3, 34.6 and 30.6 per cent of all causes of CRF. Similarly, the incidence of secondary nephropathy (diabetes, amyloidosis) treated with dialysis increased from 0.6 (A) to 1.0 (B) and 1.9/100,000 (C) (P less than 0.05 with period A). The same happened with polycystic kidney: 0.25, 0.65 and 0.93/100,000. During period C, when 95 per cent of primary GN were diagnosed histologically, igAGN (13 per cent), diabetes (13 per cent) and polycystic kidney (12 per cent) were the main causes of CRF. During the whole 12-year period under study, when 80 per cent of primary GN were diagnosed, the prevalence of causes of CRF varied according to the patients' age. In patients under 65 at the start of dialysis primary GN were the principal causes of CRF (36.8 per cent, including 15.5 per cent of IgAGN), followed by secondary nephropathies (20.3 per cent, including 10.7 per cent of diabetes), chronic interstitial nephropathies (18.7 per cent, including 9.6 per cent of reflux nephropathy), hereditary nephropathies (14.4 per cent, including 10.7 per cent of cystic kidney) and vascular nephropathies (7 per cent). Above the age of 65, the principal causes of CRF were chronic interstitial nephropathies (27.7 per cent, including 8.9 per cent of drug-induced nephropathy), followed by secondary nephropathies (20 per cent, including 6.7 per cent of amyloidosis and 11.1 per cent of diabetes), vascular nephropathies (20 per cent), primary GN (12.2 per cent), and hereditary nephropathies (12.2 per cent) including 11.1 per cent of polycystic kidney).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Epidemiology of chronic renal insufficiency treated by dialysis in a region in France. Changes in a 12-year period]. 297 86

A 65-year-old woman of normal weight, hospitalized because of pleuritis, was found to have chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 20 ml/min). Renal biopsy (light and electron-microscopy) revealed nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmerstiel-Wilson disease), described as a diabetes-specific renal change. Fundoscopy discovered bilateral proliferative retinopathy as seen in diabetes. But oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were normal, excluding a manifest diabetic metabolic disorder. No other cause of the glomerulosclerosis (such as amyloidosis or multiple myeloma) was found. The patient had been overweight for a time when younger, reversed by dieting. It is suggested that the "diabetic" changes in the kidneys and eyes without diabetes could be the result of a transitory disorder of glucose tolerance during the period of obesity.
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PMID:["Diabetic" proliferative retinopathy and nodular glomerulosclerosis without diabetes mellitus]. 319 24

A patient with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus developed localised amyloidosis at the sites of his injections of porcine insulin. A major amyloid fibril protein was extracted and, by means of its amino acid composition and amino acid sequence, it was shown to contain intact insulin molecules. Porcine insulin is the tenth protein and the first foreign protein to be chemically identified in human amyloid fibrils.
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PMID:Insulin as an amyloid-fibril protein at sites of repeated insulin injections in a diabetic patient. 328 43

Since January, 1, 1976, epidemiologic study of renal diseases has been leading in a French rural area of 400,000 inhabitants located in north coast of Britanny. Annual incidence of end stage renal failure (ESRF) treated by dialysis increased of 25% when two consecutive periods of five years each were compared: A (1976-1980) 46 per 10(6) inhabitants, B (1981-1985) 62 per 10(6) inhabitants. In 1986, the progression was confirmed: 96 per 10(6). At the time of the beginning of dialysis treatment, mean age (+/- SD) was not different between two periods: 53 +/- 17 yrs (A) vs 51 +/- 17 yrs (B) but it increased in 1986: 61 +/- 14 yrs. Sex ratio (M/F) progressed from 1 (A) to 1.75 (B). The study of causes of ESRF showed a net increase of secondary renal diseases (diabetes, amyloidosis), interstitial nephropathies due to obstructive uropathy (lithiasis) and drugs. For the period B, 91% of primary glomerulonephritis reaching ESRF had had renal biopsy. Idiopathic IgA nephropathy was the first cause of ESRF (13.7%, 0.85 pts/100,000) before diabetes (12%, 0.75/100,000), Polycystic disease (11.3%, 0.70/100,000), reflux nephropathy (9.6%, 0.60/100,000), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (8.8%, 055/100,000). Prevalence of ESRF for primary glomerulonephritis was calculated to 20.6% and according to the histological type to 28.3% for idiopathic IgA nephropathy, 34.8% for local and segmental glomerulosclerosis, 40% for idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis and only 6.6% for membraneous nephropathy. In the studied area, 58% of patients were treated out of hospital (at home or in self-dialysis units) whose 46% by hemodialysis and 12% by CAPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Epidemiology of terminal renal insufficiency treated by dialysis and therapeutic options in a population of 400,000 inhabitants (1975-1986)]. 333 May 78

Renal histopathology in 87 patients, aged over 60, with nephrotic syndrome were studied. In 57 patients diagnosed as primary glomerular disease, membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) was of the most common histologic type (52.6% of the cases), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (21.1%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (12.3%) and minimal change (12.3%) were the other types of primary glomerular disease. In the remaining 30 patients, nephrotic syndrome resulted from secondary glomerular diseases including diabetic nephropathy and renal amyloidosis. In comparison with the nephrotic syndrome of younger age group (669 cases, younger than 60 years of age), the incidence of MGN, diabetes and amyloidosis were significantly higher in the elderly. In contrast with unfavorable prognosis of diabetic nephropathy and amyloidosis, most cases of MGN and minimal change recovered from the nephrotic state with steroid treatment even in the elderly. Thus, a statistical finding that the prognosis of senile nephrotic syndrome is unfavorable as a whole, appears to be ascribable to the increased incidence of secondary glomerular diseases rather than to "aging" itself. The present results that the incidence of diabetic nephropathy was high and the outcome of MGN was favorable in the elderly, taken together with the results from other studies in Japan, are fairly different from the results of similar studies in the Western world.
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PMID:Histologic studies on the nephrotic syndrome in the elderly. 343 83

C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute-phase reactant, and serum amyloid A protein (SAA), the putative precursor of AA-type amyloid fibrils, were measured in 62 diabetic patients. They were all attending their regular clinic appointments and had been asymptomatic during the 2 wk preceding sampling. CRP and SAA levels were similar in 18 patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), 27 patients treated by conventional insulin therapy (CIT), nine treated by diet only, and eight treated by diet and oral hypoglycemic agents, and were almost entirely within the normal range. It is concluded that CSII does not provoke an acute-phase reaction in diabetic patients and, while caution should always be exercised with a new form of treatment, it does not seem likely that CSII will predispose to the development of reactive systemic amyloidosis.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion does not provoke significant acute-phase response. 351 7

The nomenclature of human diabetes mellitus (DM) has been revised, and this classification has been accepted throughout the medical world and literature. The major categories of diabetes are: insulin-dependent DM, type I or IDDM; noninsulin-dependent DM, type II or NIDDM; secondary DM or type S; impaired glucose tolerance, IGT; gestational diabetes; and previous abnormality of glucose tolerance, PrevAGT. A review of the literature has shown that over half of the documented diabetic dogs, with a single medical diagnosis, appear to be type I, IDDM, with a substantial proportion being type S, and the remainder being type II, NIDDM. Obesity is frequently associated with IGT and NIDDM. Diabetic cats most commonly have pancreatic islet destruction associated with pancreatic amyloidosis; they are insulin deficient, IDDM. The commonest causes of secondary diabetes in dogs are pancreatic damage, hyperadrenocorticism and hypersomatotropism secondary to persistent progesterone influence. Progestogen therapy is the most frequently reported cause of secondary diabetes in cats. Diabetes in horses is type S, usually secondary to a functional pituitary tumor but occasionally following chronic pancreatitis. The blood glucose ranges for normal, IGT and diabetic animals, and the normal serum insulin values of various species is tabulated.
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PMID:Definition of diabetes mellitus. 351 69

Pancreas was examined in 136 patients who died at the age of 7 to 89 years of various diseases including 22 with diabetes mellitus. Amyloidosis of its islands was observed in 9 patients (aged 49 and over); 6 out of them suffered from diabetes mellitus. Number of islands with amyloidosis and amyloid quantity were determined morphometrically. Glucagon-producing A-cells and insulin-producing B-cells in the islands not involved in amyloidosis were counted in sections impregnated by Grimelius. It is found that the development of diabetes is determined not only by the islands amyloidosis but by the quantitative domination of A-cells over B-cells in the islands without amyloidosis as well being the manifestation of aging processes.
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PMID:[Amyloidosis of the pancreatic islets and diabetes mellitus]. 352 15

Amyloid was isolated from islets of amyloidotic pancreata of monkey and human beings by solubilization of non-amyloid materials from the pancreas and digestion of contaminating collagen and elastin. The resulting pellet was estimated to be greater than 90% pure islet amyloid. Antibodies specific for monkey islet amyloid and for monkey and human liver amyloid A (AA) were raised in rabbits. Immunohistochemical reaction using the peroxidase antiperoxidase method demonstrated that amyloidotic pancreas reacted with both anti-AA and anti-islet amyloid antibodies. Although the antibodies are specific toward antigens, they cross-react with tissues from human and monkeys. The immunochemical results suggest the possibility that more than one kind of amyloid is associated with islet amyloidosis, but that a significant portion of the islet amyloid is related to AA. Preliminary chemical analysis indicated that islet amyloid is enriched with hexosamines while AA contains both hexosamines and hexoses. Establishment of the islet amyloid composition(s) can give insight into its source and its role in diabetes in Macaca nigra and human beings.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of islet amyloid in diabetes mellitus. 355 Jul 80


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