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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred fifty seven females of childbearing age, suffering from diabetes mellitus, were examined. A severe form of the disease was revealed in 55% of the patients and in 59% of the females its duration did not exceed 5 years. Previous unfavourable obstetric findings were seen in 73.6% of the patients. A disturbed menstrual cycle was found in 33% of patients. In the females with a preserved menstrual cycle the blood estradiol content was significantly reduced in all cyclic phases, and in amenorrhea it was low (50 +/- 8.4 pg/ml). The degree of clinical signs of the ovarian function disorder is directly dependent on the severity of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Functional state of the ovaries in diabetes mellitus]. 665 39

The circulating levels of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol-17 beta were determined by radioimmunoassay in 76 normal healthy women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, 54 consecutive anovulatory non-diabetic women and 20 consecutive diabetic women with anovulation. An elevated plasma PRL concentration was found in 1/20 (5%) of the diabetic women and in 17/54 (32%) of the non-diabetic anovulatory women (p less than 0.05). Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and gonadotropins in diabetics did not differ (p greater than 0.05) from those found in non-diabetic women with anovulation. Diabetic women with secondary amenorrhea had significantly (p less than 0.05) lower plasma concentrations of PRL and estradiol-17 beta than non-diabetic women with amenorrhea and normal controls. Furthermore, this group of diabetic women had lower median plasma LH concentrations than the non-diabetics with secondary amenorrhea and normal controls, but this difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). These data indicate that diabetic patients with anovulation have hypothalamic and/or pituitary defects. Furthermore, the low prolactin and LH levels despite a low estradiol-17 beta concentration may suggest an increased hypothalamic dopamine activity in patients with diabetes mellitus and secondary amenorrhea.
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PMID:Depressed prolactin levels in diabetic women with anovulation. 681 26

The authors carried out 49 estimations of amniotic fluid levels of insulin in 41 patients. 25 of these patients were non-diabetic and they were a control group, and 16 patients were diabetic (24 estimations). The liquor was collected by amniocentesis between the 32nd and the 42nd week of amenorrhoea. The mean of the control levels was 3.17 micro-units per ml. The mean of the values in diabetic pregnancies was 9.97 micro-units per ml. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant. We have studied this insulinaemia in relationship to the duration of the diabetes, the maternal weight increase, the levels of insulin used therapeutically, the blood glucose level, the rise in arterial blood pressure, the weight of the infant, the date of delivery, the presence of fetal distress and the control of blood sugar. There is a statistically significant difference between the insulinaemia of patients in whom the diabetes is well controlled (mean level of 7.08 micro-units per ml) and the patients in whom the diabetes is badly controlled (31.7 micro-units per ml). This new parameter for supervision of the third trimester of pregnancy in diabetics gives rise to the possibilities of a better approach to materno-fetal blood sugar regulation and to an adjustment of the therapeutic doses of insulin that are given which will result in lengthening of the duration of pregnancy, with the aim of achieving a spontaneous vaginal delivery at term.
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PMID:[The value of estimating the levels of amniotic insulin which come from the fetus in looking after diabetic pregnancies in the last trimester (author's transl)]. 703 45

As liquor contains only HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) as a lipoprotein we have studied the changes in the levels of apolipoprotein A, which is the major component of HDL according to the duration of the pregnancy. The study has been carried out in normal and pathological pregnancies. It has been found that the level of apolipoprotein A rises from the 16th week of amenorrhoea of pregnancy to the 26th week and then gradually drops to term. The maximum level is approximately ten times greater than the level of apolipoprotein A at term (a level approximately of 1 mg per litre). This change parallels that of total proteins throughout pregnancy. We have limited our study in pathological pregnancies to the examination of the liquor at the end of pregnancy. The three pathological maternal conditions that have been most frequently found are:--diabetes,--Rhesus-immunisation,--vasculo-renal syndromes. There has been no significant change shown up in the period that we have studied, which was from the 30th to the 38th week of amenorrhoea.
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PMID:[The levels of apolipoprotein A in liquor in normal and pathological pregnancies (author's transl)]. 710 56

Contraception by progestational agents only can be a very effective method when estroprogestational contraception or the IUD are contraindicated. Progestational agents affect the physiochemistry of the cervical mucus, spermatozoa capacitation, the endometrium, and the secretory process of the tubes. Progestins can be administered intramuscularly at a dose of 250 mg every 3 months, or of 450 mg every 6 months; they can also be administered in microdoses of 0.5 mg per os per day. Method of administration can be continuous, every day, discontinuous, from the 5th to the 25th day of the cycle, or mixed, i.e. one agent on a continuous basis every day, and another progestational agent for 5-10 days only. Progestational agents are usually well tolerated; they do, however, cause a series of menstruation disorders, including spotting, amenorrhea, and irregularities of the cycle. Reversibility is very good. Contraindicatoins to this type of contraception are diabetes, obesity, lipid metabolic problems, any cardiovascular pathology, any uterine and breast pathology when it is hormonodependant. Sequential contraception would be better indicated than progestational contraception for premenopausal women.
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PMID:[Isolated progestational contraception. Advantages and disadvantages]. 723 18

A 23-year-old woman was receiving bromocriptine (CB-154, 7.5-10 mg/day, for a hyperprolactinemic galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome. She also had insulin-dependent diabetes. After three months the bromocriptine therapy was stopped because she developed severe leukopenia (leukocyte counts about 1,800/cu mm) and mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count about 130,000/cu mm). Five months after stopping the bromocriptine therapy, the leukocyte count returned to normal (4,400/cu mm), as did the platelet count (238,000/cu mm). Prior to bromocriptine therapy, the patient's leukocyte and platelet counts ranged between 5,500 and 6,000/cu mm and 250,000 and 300,000/cu mm, respectively. While taking bromocriptine she was on insulin maintenance therapy and took no other drugs. Regular menses had returned and spontaneous galactorrhea had disappeared during bromocriptine therapy, and serum prolactin levels became normal. After stopping bromocriptine therapy the patient again became basally hyperprolactinemic and amenorrheic, with spontaneous galactorrhea. The article discusses possible mechanisms of this hematologic reaction.
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PMID:Severe leukopenia and mild thrombocytopenia after chronic bromocriptine (CB-154) administration. 724 99

The following indications must be observed in prescribing ovulation preventatives: 1) use the lowest possible dose of estrogen and gestagen; 2) observe the contraindications at age 30-35 when the risk is very great, and use alternative methods when possible after age 40; 3) check every 6 months to 1 year during the office visit; 4) observe the absolute contraindications (thromboses, embolisms, blood vessel damage, hypertony, hormone-dependent tumors, insulin-dependent diabetes, abnormal genital bleeding); 5) observe the relative contraindications (gynecological age less than 2 years, menstruation less than 1 year, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, venous thrombosis of the legs, certain cardiac diseases, acute jaundice, jaundice of pregnancy, certain bilirubin disturbances, depression, migraine headaches, epilepsy, and others); 6) discontinue use of the contraceptive upon appearance of thromboembolisms, hypertony, disturbances of vision, longterm immobilization of the patient (e.g., during an operation), and pregnancy; and 7) the effect of the contraceptive is lessened by longterm use or abuse of analgesics, antibiotics, anticonvulsives, hypnotics, sedatives, and tranquilizers, as well as by others (dihydroergotamine, for example).
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PMID:[Indications for ovulation inhibitors. Recommendations of the Swiss Society for Family Planning]. 740 49

A new syndrome has been described comprising polyneuropathy, oedema, hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin, gynaecomastia in males and amenorrhoea in females, monoclonal gammopathy, papilloedema and diabetes. There is frequent osteosclerosis with or without plasmacytoma, hepatosplenomegaly and polycythaemia. There is a good response to corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs and occasionally to excision or irradiation of the plasmacytoma. This syndrome was first described in Japan, and is still seen predominantly there, and only occasionally in other areas. An example in a 51-year-old Spanish female is described: she had a spectacular response to prednisone and melphalan. The aetiopathogenic possibilities are discussed.
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PMID:Plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuritis and dermato-endocrine alterations. Report of a new case outside Japan. 741 45

A discussion of the side effects of hormonal oral contraceptive (OC) use is presented. Studies show that the estrogen component of OCs works to suppress the release of GRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), reducing the serum FSH level. The gestagen component desensitizes the frontal lobe of the pituitary gland to the effect of GRH and suppresses the preovulatory LH peak. OCs can cause subjective side effects such as nausea, headache, depression, which can also be observed during placebo use. Breakthrough bleeding, spotting, silent menstruation, and post-pill amenorrhea are menstrual irregularities which can be linked to OC use; 98% of those who discontinue OC use show normal biphasic menstrual cycles 3 cycles after discontinuation. A constant increase in serum triglyceride levels, small increases in cholesterol and phospholipid levels are observed among OC users. Minor cases of hyperinsulinism are observed among OC users with no history of diabetes; glucose tolerance tests should be regularly administered to OC users who have a risk of diabetes or a history of pregnancy diabetes. Serum levels of proteins are affected by OC use, probably due to the effects of OC use on liver function. Studies have shown an increased risk of thromboembolism and circulatory disorders among OC users, especially those who are over 30 years of age or who smoke. OC use has been linked to development of benign tumors of the liver and the cervix. Gestagens appear to reduce the frequency of endometrial mitosis. Other medications, e.g. analgesics, barbituates, can reduce the effectiveness of OCs. For adolescents, sequence preparations are preferred and should be administered only after a 1 year period of regular menstruation. Thorough check-ups should be performed on OC users twice yearly, and contraindications should be scrupulously observed.
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PMID:[Effects and side effects of hormonal contraceptives]. 741 48

The therapeutic efficacy of sustained dopaminergic stimulation in Cushing's disease (CD), was investigated performing a three-month trial with monthly 50-100 mg injections of a bromocriptine depot preparation (Parlodel LAR, Sandoz) in six patients with CD. Dopaminergic treatment did not consistently influence pituitary-adrenal activity, as judged by plasma ACTH, cortisol and urinary free cortisol levels as well as by clinical findings. Interestingly, treatment with bromocriptine was associated with reappearance of menses in the three patients who were amenorrheic. In the five patients submitted to inferior petrosal sinus sampling, a parallelism between ACTH and PRL concentrations could be observed with a PRL rise, ipsilateral to that of ACTH, ensuing in three patients after administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone. In one patient a 55% reduction in the size of the pituitary adenoma was demonstrated by MRI carried out at the end of treatment. Our findings lead to the following conclusions: a) administration of depot injections of bromocriptine to patients with CD appears unable to correct hypercortisolism, although it can induce restoration of menses in amenorrheic patients; b) enhanced PRL concentrations at the pituitary level are probably involved in the amenorrhea often accompanying Cushing's disease.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1995
PMID:Effect of injectable bromocriptine in patients with Cushing's disease. 758 34


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