Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 210 women with galactorrhea 66.2% had normal prolactin serum levels. Only in 33.4% elevated prolactin levels could be found, 0.4% were hypoprolactinemic. The TRH-stimulation test detected latent hyperprolactinemia in 13.5% of the cases, showed a normal thyroid function in 81.5%, hypothyroidism in 13.9% and hyperthyroidism in 4.6% and this is considered to be a more valuable diagnostic tool than the MCP-test. Galactorrhea was associated with the following conditions: hyperprolactinemia (34.8%), menstrual disturbances (67.4%), post-pill amenorrhea (30.2%), mastalgia (30.2%), prolactinoma (18.6%), fibrocystic disease (11.6%), hirsutism (4.6%), diabetes mellitus (2.3%).
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PMID:[The value of hyperprolactinemia determination within the scope of galactorrhea]. 249 8

To investigate the cause of secondary amenorrhoea in insulin-dependent diabetes gonadotrophins, sex steroid hormone levels and residual beta cell activity (C-peptide index) were estimated in a group of 43 women with IDDM. Among 26 women with residual insulin secretion, the C-peptide positive (CpP) group, 5 had secondary amenorrhoea (CpP-Am); among 17 women without endogenous beta cell activity, the C-peptide negative (CpN) group 6 had secondary amenorrhoea (CpN-Am). In this study two different types of secondary amenorrhoea in insulin-dependent diabetics were observed. All CpP-Am women have the classical hormone profile of the polycystic ovary syndrome (increased (LH/FSH ratio, increased serum testosterone, decreased SHBG) together with a history of oligomenorrhoea and excess weight before the onset of diabetes. On the other hand, all CpN-Am women had decreased LH levels as well as low LH/FSH ratio and testosterone levels. These results strongly suggest that a lack of residual pancreatic beta cell activity influences hypothalamus-pituitary function in insulin-dependent diabetes. It might be concluded that PCOS is independent of diabetes while low LH amenorrhoea seems to be the consequence of diabetes and is strongly associated with a lack of residual insulin secretion.
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PMID:The effect of residual beta cell activity on menstruation and the reproductive hormone profile of insulin-dependent diabetics. 267 77

We describe a 17-yr-old girl with insulin resistant diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism and short stature. At the age of 14 she was found to have glycosuria and diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. No endocrinological abnormality except transient amenorrhea and exaggerated LH response to LHRH was found. Insulin resistance was demonstrated by fasting hyperinsulinemia, insulin tolerance test and euglycemic glucose clamp test, and large doses of insulin with CSII were not effective in controlling blood glucose. Insulin binding to erythrocytes was normal, suggesting a postbinding defect. The same phenotype of insulin resistant diabetes and short stature was found in her mother who was diagnosed as diabetes mellitus at the age of 31 and died of diabetic nephropathy at the age of 41. Her maternal grandfather and uncle were reportedly affected with the same phenotype. Her father had impaired glucose tolerance, but no hyperinsulinemia. Two sisters had essentially normal glucose tolerance. Insulin binding to erythrocytes of her father and mother was also in the normal range. These results suggest that the present case may be a rare syndrome present together with type C syndrome of insulin resistance, and with short stature which was inherited autosomal dominantly.
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PMID:Familial type C syndrome of insulin resistance and short stature with possible autosomal dominant transmission. 268 18

We validated a mid-pregnancy screening mean arterial pressure (MAP2) of 85 mmHg or higher as a significant predictor of hypertension in pregnancy. During the 17-month period from October 1984 through February 1986, 730 women, or 16% of all women cared for and delivered at our institution, were screened at or near 20 weeks of amenorrhea. Of the 139 women with a MAP2 of 85 mmHg or higher, 21.6% developed antepartum hypertension, compared with only 0.7% of the 591 women with a MAP2 below 85 mmHg. The screening MAP2 level of 85 mmHg was the optimal cutoff for MAP2 as a screening test. Controlling for the value of the screening MAP2, the only other important predictors of antepartum hypertension were chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Using these three variables, the probability that an individual pregnant woman will develop antepartum hypertension can be assessed with a high degree of accuracy (84.5%) by 20 weeks of amenorrhea. This assessment is noninvasive and simple to use. Three distinct levels of risk have been defined; the moderate- and high-risk groups warrant careful surveillance during pregnancy and may be reasonable groups in which to test preventive interventions.
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PMID:Early prediction of antepartum hypertension. 272 14

A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (Kearns-Sayre syndrome) with corneal endothelial abnormality is reported. A 22-year-old woman had retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmoplegia, complete heart block, ataxia, muscle weakness, dementia, sensorineural hearing loss, and was of short stature. Renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and amenorrhea were also observed. Biopsy revealed decreased cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity in muscle mitochondria. The corneal endothelium examined by specular microscope showed decreased cell density, severe polymegathism, and pleomorphism in both eyes. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning primary corneal endothelial abnormality in a case with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. The corneal endothelium is one of the tissues that could be affected by the enzyme deficiency present in this disease.
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PMID:Corneal endothelium in a case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (Kearns-Sayre syndrome). 274 82

Patients with functional amenorrhea have raised central dopaminergic activity and opioid-mediated GnRH inhibition leading to inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function. In the present study, basal serum cortisol and ACTH levels were measured in normoprolactinemic amenorrheic patients with (N = 14) and without (N = 7) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Basal serum cortisol levels was significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated in patients with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea compared with normal women. Basal serum cortisol was significantly (P less than 0.02) elevated in amenorrheic diabetic patients compared with menstruating diabetic women. In the amenorrheic groups both cortisol and ACTH levels increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after dopamine D-2 receptor blockade, whereas no hormonal changes occurred in the control groups. It is concluded that patients with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea have elevated basal serum cortisol, the reason probably being hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Secondly that dopaminergic blockade with metoclopramide stimulates ACTH and cortisol secretion in patients presumed to have raised dopaminergic activity.
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PMID:Cortisol secretion in patients with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea. 284 Jul 94

A study was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria over a period of 11 years, 1 January 1976 to 31 December 1986, on 810 patients who agreed to use depo-medro progesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception. DMPA is a long-acting injectable contraceptive agent which provides protection over a period of time. It is given on a 3-monthly basis, and is thought to be an ideal contraceptive agent for women who have a poor compliance with taking oral contraceptives or do not wish to run the risk of using an intrauterine device. The women's medical histories were recorded and each of the women were thoroughly examined; women with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, positive cervical cytology, or irregular menstrual patterns were excluded from the study. The women were given 3-monthly intramuscular injections, and at each visit all side-effects reported were recorded. If the patient decided to discontinue use, the reasons were also noted and recorded. The results of the study are as follows. 490 (60.5%) of the women had protection for between 3 months and 12 months; 230 (28.4%) had protection for 13-24 months; while only 90 (11.1%) had protection for 25-33 months. Side effects noted were amenorrhoea (36.3%), weight gain (15.8%) and loss (10.6%) abnormal bleeding patterns (12.7%), and minor symptoms such as headaches (2.5%), dizziness (1.5%) and palpitations (1.1%). Reasons for discontinuation included amenorrhoea (16.2%), abnormal bleeding habits, (7%), hypertension (2.2%), and/or the desire to get pregnant (2%). Further discussion is given to the use of DMPA as an enhancement for lactation and an effective option to oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Experience with the use of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate in a Nigerian population. 285 67

Patients with a history of recurrent candidiasis and who were using Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate, DMPA) for contraception were reviewed in order to determine the time relationship between episodes of proven candidiasis, episodes of pruritus vulvae suggestive of this infection (but unproven), and injection of DMPA. Recently, patients were included in the study who had been given DMPA specifically to prevent recurrences of candidiasis even when the drug's contraceptive action was unnecessary, such as after sterilization. In all cases, the infection was initially treated with a vaginal candidacide, most commonly 1 week of an imidazole. The patients ranged in age from 19-37 years at the time of the 1st injection. Diabetes had been eliminated in all the cases. DMPA was given intramuscularly at a dose of 150 mg every 12 weeks. Prior to 1983, an estrogen supplement was prescribed in most cases in an effort to produce monthly menstrual periods. Estrogen supplementation is no longer used routinely, with amenorrhea the aim, although it is occasionally given to women who experience breakthrough bleeding. Candidal infection was considered proven when the branching filaments of the species were seen on a stained vaginal smear or when the species were cultured in a laboratory from a vaginal swab taken a symptomatic patient. With the exception of 2 patients, clinical candidiasis did not occur within the time in which 150 mg of intramuscular DMPA is known to suppress ovulation in all women, i.e., 12 weeks -- except in the presence of exogenous estrogen (cases 1, 2, and 14) and in one case (15) in which the patient had an unplanned conception prior to the injection. Both patients who experienced clinical despite the use of DMPA alone (cases 8 and 13) asked remain on the drug because believe it was responsible for their longest remissions in the past few years. The study seemed to provide evidence that DMPA will prevent a recurrence of clinical candidiasis in many women who are prone to this condition. The study further indicated that estrogens may predispose women to this infection.
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PMID:Depo-Provera in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. 294 26

This study analyzed eating attitudes and plasma glucose, insulin, unesterified fatty acid (FFA), human growth hormone (GH), and cortisol responses to an oral (100 g) glucose load in 26 female anorexia nervosa patients at an 8-year outcome evaluation in comparison to 14 age-matched female control subjects. Recovered patients who were of normal body weight and had cyclical menstruation (n = 19) showed glucose tolerance curves and insulin, cortisol, and GH responses that were indistinguishable from those of normal subjects, although patients tended to be more diet-conscious than controls and showed elevated fasting FFA levels. Two of 19 recovered patients met criteria for impaired glucose tolerance. Nonrecovered patients (n = 7) showed abnormal eating attitudes at an average underweight of 20% with persistent amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. They had high fasting FFA plasma levels, significantly greater than normal rises in plasma glucose, a significant delay in serum insulin secretion, higher mean glucose levels before and after controlling for amount of exercise, and paradoxical release of GH. One of seven patients met criteria for diabetes mellitus and two of seven had impaired glucose tolerance. The findings suggest that fasting plasma FFA levels may reflect patients' eating and exercise habits more accurately than their verbal or written reports.
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PMID:Eating attitudes and glucose tolerance in anorexia nervosa patients at 8-year followup compared to control subjects. 305 85

Early fetal growth aberrations have been suggested in diabetic gestations. To characterize such aberrations sonographically, longitudinal crown-rump length measurements were made in a group of 20 control and 20 diabetic pregnancies. The study evaluated growth between 40 and 100 days of amenorrhea. The best-fit curve of growth as a function of gestational age was that of a nonlinear polynomial regression curve for both the control and the diabetic groups. The correlation coefficients were 0.997 and 0.887 for the control and diabetic groups, respectively; the standard error of the estimate was 0.054 and 0.19, respectively. A log10 linear transformation was performed successfully on each curve. Comparison of the slopes and the intercepts of the transformed control and diabetic curves revealed no significant differences. To evaluate the possibility of a transient fetal growth delay, interval growths and interval growth velocities were compared between groups. No significant differences were observed. The control and diabetic groups' mean (+/- SD) growth velocities were 0.043 +/- 0.023 and 0.040 +/- 0.022 mm/day/mm total, respectively (p = NS). The growth of two anomalous fetuses in the diabetic group was studied individually. Their growth characteristics could not be distinguished from the control fetuses' growth profiles. The present study fails to confirm the presence of early fetal growth delay in diabetic pregnancies. Moreover, the data suggest that the fetuses' early growth in the mother with poorly controlled diabetes is similar to that of control fetuses.
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PMID:Ultrasonographic assessment of early fetal growth in insulin-treated diabetic pregnancies. 305 5


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