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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An autopsy case of clostridial gas gangrene occurring in a 54-year-old man with colon adenocarcinoma, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus is reported. The patient died 4 days after the onset of symptoms with episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. Gangrene of both hips and perineum, hemolysis, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were the dominant clinical features. Clostridium septicum was isolated from the subcutaneous tissue fluid. Adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon with ulceration found at autopsy was supposed to be an entry of the organism. Histologically, lesions of subcutaneous tissue and muscles were characterized by the absence of inflammatory infiltrates in spite of extensive necrosis. A summary of 35 cases of gas gangrene hospitalized to the Osaka University Hospital for the past 16 years indicates that clostridial gas gangrene patients with underlying diseases such as malignant neoplasm, diabetes, liver cirrhosis or immunodeficiency have a relatively poor prognosis.
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PMID:A case of nontraumatic clostridial gas gangrene occurring in a patient with colon adenocarcinoma, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus. 373 9

To examine the role of diabetes in pancreatic cancer, 4 groups of Chinese hamsters--2 from genetically diabetic and 2 from non-diabetic lines--were treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxo-propyl)amine (BOP) at different dose levels and intervals. In one group (referred to as the VA group), BOP was given weekly at a 5 mg/kg body wt. level for 18 or 23 weeks, whereas the other group (the EP group) received a weekly dose of 2.5 mg/kg body wt. for life. Except for diet and experimental design, all other laboratory conditions were similar in the two institutions. No VA hamster developed tumors. Three of 22 non-diabetic EP hamsters (but none of the diabetic hamsters) developed pancreatic hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions, comprising ductular cell adenomas (3 hamsters), carcinoma in situ (1 hamster), a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (1 hamster), and a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (1 hamster) with regional lymph node metastases. In addition, over 50% of the EP hamsters had neoplasms for which the incidences and morphology did not vary between diabetic and non-diabetic groups or between the sexes. These were primarily of the liver (cholangiomas), lungs (adenomas) and skin (trichoepitheliomas, squamous cell carcinomas). The differing carcinogenic response of the two hamster groups to BOP apparently is not related to the total BOP dose, but rather to other factors, including the length of observation time.
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PMID:Pancreatic carcinogenicity of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)-amine in diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese hamsters. 381 30

Among 30 cases of uterine body cancers, in eight cases (Stage IA, two cases; Stage IB, six cases) uterine adenomyosis was demonstrated microscopically. The age range was from 46 to 66 years with a median of 56. When these eight cases were compared with the 12 cases of Stage I endometrial cancer without adenomyosis, there was no difference in either menstrual history or family history, although past histories of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were found in these eight cases. The mean obesity index was 127 in eight cases and 116 in 12 cases. Seven of these eight cases were pure tubular adenocarcinoma. From the standpoint of early myometrial infiltration of the endometrial cancer, these eight cases not only provided a good model to survey early endometrial cancer but also suggested a common stimulus, such as estrogen, in both endometrial cancer and uterine adenomyosis.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic study of eight cases of uterine body cancers associated with endometriosis interna (uterine adenomyosis). 382 17

Early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma enables one to achieve a cure rate of 80%. The purpose of this study is to characterize the patients who are prone to develop adenocarcinoma by simple epidemiologic and clinical data. The data of 109 consecutive patients who developed adenocarcinoma were compared with those of 146 control hysterectomy patients using logistic regression analysis. The following characteristics of patients who developed adenocarcinoma were identified: parity (P less than 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (P less than 0.003), hypertension (P less than 0.0001), obesity (P less than 0.0006), treatment with exogenous estrogen (P less than 0.001), and second primary tumor. The logistic regression formula classified correctly 77% of all patients to their actual group. The study showed that the relative risk of a patient to develop adenocarcinoma can be estimated from simple and readily available epidemiologic and clinical data.
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PMID:A novel approach to the analysis of risk factors in endometrial carcinoma. 398 36

A controlled study has been made of the constitutional background of 300 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The control group was age matched and drawn from the same patient population pool as were the adenocarcinoma cases.Endometrial adenocarcinoma was shown to be associated unduly frequently with hypertension, nulliparity and the late age of menopause. No association was found between endometrial adenocarcinoma and obesity, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease or extragenital malignant disease.It is suggested that these results are explicable on the basis that adrenal dysfunction may be an aetiological factor in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:A controlled study of the constitutional stigmata of endometrial adenocarcinoma. 542 16

Endometrial cancer is the cause of considerable morbidity among women, but the disease has been underrated and its management more casual than its virulence warrants. Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed invasive neoplasm of the female genital tract in the US, and is third in incidence after breast and colonic cancer. The white population of the US has the highest age standardized incidence of endometrial cancer in the world, India and Japan have the lowest, and the European countries occupy intermediate positions. Between 75% and 80% of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer are postmenopausal, and the mean age at diagnosis is about 60 years. In many cases endometrial hyperplasia is misdiagnosed as frank malignancy. The predisposing factors for endometrial cancer seem to be obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or an abnormal glucose tolerance curve, and prolonged or unopposed estrogen stimulation. Raised estrogen levels may occur in the following situations: 1) women with functioning ovarian tumors that produce estrogen; 2) women with polycystic ovarian disease; 3) women with ovarian dysgensis (Turner's syndrome) managed with estrogen replacement therapy; 4) women taking high estrogen sequential oral contraceptives (OCs); and 5) women undergoing estrogen replacement therapy. There is an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma associated with nulliparity. Carcinoma of the endometrium occurs in a variety of subtypes, the most frequent being adenocarcinoma, followed by adenocanthoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, and secretory carcinoma. Overall 5-year survival rates are 72% for adenocarcinoma, 68% for adenocanthoma, and 26% for adenosquamous carcinoma. The true extent of endometrial cancer can be ascertained only after exploratory laparotomy and then various therapies may be used according to the stage of the disease.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the endometrium. 637 16

Excluding cases associated with oral sequential contraceptives, adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in young women is rare, constituting about 3% of endometrial carcinomas. The present report, based on findings from one institution, notes that women 40 years of age or younger comprised 14.4% of the 111 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Factors analyzed in patients 40 years of age or younger (group A) as compared with those 41 years of age or older (group B) include the following: obesity 43.8% (A) versus 17.9% (B), nulliparity 44% (A) versus 10.5% (B), hypertension 31.2% (A) versus 42.1% (B), and diabetes 6.2% (A) versus 21.1% (B). Patients in group A tended to have a well-differentiated tumor, and 31.2% had polycystic ovaries. Awareness of risk factors in young women who develop endometrial adenocarcinoma leads to earlier diagnosis and will preserve the historically excellent survival rate of young women.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in women 40 years of age or younger. 646 72

A 49-year-old man with extensive porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) developed a squamous cell carcinoma and several carcinomas-in-situ within the lesional skin. The patient also had diabetes mellitus and a short stature with a prematurely aged appearance. The patient's father and two siblings also had PM. The patient died from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, and at autopsy an adenocarcinoma of the descending colon was also found. Fibroblasts cultured from both the PM-affected and unaffected skin showed chromosomal abnormalities and a decreased lifespan. Cellular sensitivity to ultraviolet rays measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis and colony-forming ability were within normal limits. An association with a forme fruste of Werner's syndrome was suspected.
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PMID:Cytogenetic studies in a patient with porokeratosis of Mibelli, multiple cancers and a forme fruste of Werner's syndrome. 649 91

The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still very poor. Research activities have, however, been instituted recently in all fields. Epidemiologic studies indicate etiologic roles of diabetes mellitus, smoking, and meat and coffee consumption. Sonography of the pancreas is at present the best screening method. The significance of computerized tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), arteriography and tumor markers is discussed. A TNM staging system and prognostic factors are presented. Resection is the treatment of choice for organ-limited pancreatic cancer. The development of new radiation modalities (e.g. pi-mesons) promises improved loco-regional tumor control. The most effective chemotherapy consists of combinations containing 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C. Intensive future research in the field of pancreatic cancer is essential if the prognosis of this devastating disease is to be improved.
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PMID:[Pancreatic cancer. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and therapy]. 685 93

This review of the connection between unopposed estrogen therapy for climacteric symptoms and the development of endometrial hyperplasia briefly outlines the history of the association, and then concentrates on clinical classification problems which muddy the attempts to come to a clear understanding of the relationship between estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and endometrial cancer. Little agreement exists about the definition of endometrial pathology and of the malignant potentials of different types of hyperplasia. This paper classifies 4 types of hyperplasia: 1) cystic hyperplasia, which has the risk of malignant change of less than 2%; 2) adenomatous hyperplasia, which has a risk of malignant change from 12-25%; 3) atypical hyperplasia, which has a malignancy potential of 45%; and 4) carcinoma in situ, which is malignant. The following conditions are discussed as they are associated with endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma: 1) obesity; 2) anovulation; 3) late menopause; 4) Stein-Leventhal syndrome; 5) functioning ovarian tumors; and 6) diabetes history. In addition hypertension and cancers of the breast and ovary occur more often with endometrial cancer than would be expected by chance. The remainder of the paper discusses the administration of exogenous estrogens unopposed, exogenous progestins, and their concurrent use, especially in controlling menopausal symptoms. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hyperplasia are discussed. In terms of prevention, a study showed that low-dose cyclical Premarin (.625 mg) resulted in an incidence of hyperplasia of 7% and with higher doses (1.25 mg) rose to 15%. The addition of d-norgestrel for 7 days to the high dose of Premarin reduced incidences to 3%, whereas estrogen plus low-dose norethindrone resulted in 0% incidence of cystic hyperplasia. It is recommended that the unopposed use of estrogens be avoided if possible, although short-term therapy up to 6 months is probably safe. Longer term therapy must have added progestogen, and endometrial sampling in the form of Vabra curettage should be performed every year in patients taking unopposed estrogens and every 3 years in patients taking combined estrogen therapy.
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PMID:Oestrogens and endometrial hyperplasia. 699 95


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