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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We applied a simplified version of the method suggested by Sugihara-May (Nature 1990: 344: 734-41) to study the control of heart rate (HR) in subjects with diabetes mellitus. The method aims to predict the future of an observation, if a series of observations on the same phenomenon is available. The method quantifies the fact that the series is predictable more or less longtime in the future. A random series is only shortly predictable in the future. HR and blood pressure were measured from beat to beat (by the Finapres system) for about 0.5 hours in 11 subjects with diabetes mellitus and normal blood pressure (group D) and in 10 controls subjects (group N). The subjects were sitting in a temperature-controlled quiet room, isolated from all external stimuli. The 2 groups were matched for age, and had the same weight and height. No difference was observed in mean-value and standard deviation (SD) of BP and HR between the 2 groups. Groups N/D: SBP = 112 +/- 11/123 +/- 11 mmHg, NS; DBP = 64 +/- 9/67 +/- 12 mmHg, NS; HR = 70 +/- 10/69 +/- 7 b/min, NS. Standard deviation of PAS = 5.5 +/- 1.6/5.7 +/- 1.9 mmHg, NS and SD of DBP = 3.5 +/- 0.9/3.4 +/- 1.2 mmHg, NS. The SD of HR (3.0 +/- 0.5/2.3 +/- 1.0 b/min in groups N/D) was somewhat lower in diabetics than in control subjects but the difference was not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Chaotic aspect of heart rate and blood pressure in diabetic patients]. 148 56

We have followed prospectively, 46 obese, type 2 diabetic patients for a 55-week period, in order to evaluate the efficiency of an educational programme based on behaviour modification to enhance weight loss and changes of other cardiovascular risk factors. No patient received pharmacological treatment during the study. At the end of the follow-up the patients obtained an average weight loss of 9.250 kg (range: 0.500-17.500 kg); the BMI was reduced from 34.2 +/- 0.8 kg/m2 to 30.6 +/- 1.1 kg/m2 (P less than 0.01); fasting serum glucose descended from 7.9 +/- 0.4 to 6.1 +/- 0.5 mM (P less than 0.05); SBP (systolic blood pressure) decreased from 145.7 +/- 3 to 126.4 +/- 5.1 mmHg (P less than 0.01); DBP (diastolic blood pressure) decreased from 83.5 +/- 2.5 to 65 +/- 2.6 mmHg (P less than 0.01); triglyceride levels were lowered from 164.5 +/- 12 to 109.7 +/- 10 mg/dl (P less than 0.01); HDL-cholesterol levels increased from 1.27 +/- 0.05 to 1.53 +/- 0.12 mM (P less than 0.01). Serum glucose 2 h after a 75 g glucose oral load decreased from 14.9 +/- 0.6 to 12.7 +/- 0.9 mM (P less than 0.05) on week 35 of follow-up. Twelve patients no longer presented a diabetic curve (8 normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) curves, and 4 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) curves). No significant changes in the parameters studied were obtained in the group of patients on conventional treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 Feb
PMID:Behaviour modification in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 156 32

The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective ischaemic heart disease population study designed to evaluate incidence of, and risk factors for, ischaemic heart disease. A random population sample of approximately 20,000 men and women was invited to participate in a health survey, which was carried out in 1976-78. The participation rate was 74%. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was measured with the London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer after 5 minutes in the sitting position. Risk factors were assessed by a questionnaire and non-fasting plasma cholesterol was measured. Information about subsequent death and causes of death was obtained from the Danish Death Register. Follow-up was virtually complete over an observation time of 10 years. Analysis of the independent effect of SBP and DBP measured at entry on the 10 year total and cause-specific mortality was performed using the Cox regression model. Antihypertensive medication and/or diuretic therapy, physical activity during leisure time, economic and educational status, tobacco and alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, plasma cholesterol levels, age and sex were entered as confounders. Total mortality was increased only in the higher quintiles of SBP. Concerning ischaemic heart disease mortality and cerebrovascular mortality, the risk increased in a graded manner with increasing quintile of SBP and DBP. With regard to cancer mortality, a U-shaped association was observed between quintile of SBP (and DBP) and death rate. With advancing age, the predictive power of SBP on total and cause-specific mortality changed, especially in males, as a pronounced U-shape of the association between BP and mortality appeared. The reasons for this are discussed. The relative risk in subjects receiving antihypertensive medication was 1.7 (CL 1.5-2.0) regarding total mortality, 2.0 (CL 1.5-2.7) regarding ischaemic heart disease mortality, 0.8 (CL 0.5-1.4) regarding cerebrovascular mortality, and 1.3 (CL 1.0-1.7) regarding cancer mortality. This finding is in agreement with clinical trials experiences, and may have an impact on management of high blood pressure.
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PMID:Blood pressure and mortality: an epidemiological survey with 10 years follow-up. 158 31

To clarify the long-term effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism, a selective alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor (prazosin, 1.0 to 2.0 mg/day in divided doses) was administered as a single antihypertensive agent to 10 (four men and six women, aged 52 to 76 years) hypertensive patients (systolic blood pressure [SBP] greater than or equal to 150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) for up to 20 weeks. Blood pressure, glucose tolerance and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response to 75 gm oral glucose load, hemoglobin A1 (Hb A1), serum lipid profile, and serum apolipoprotein were examined before and after treatment. SBP and DBP were significantly reduced at 20 weeks after treatment with the selective alpha 1-adrenergic inhibitor (SBP 167 +/- 6 mm Hg versus 152 +/- 7 mm Hg; DBP 81 +/- 3 mm Hg versus 76 +/- 3 mm Hg, (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). Glucose tolerance and IRI response to glucose load were not significantly changed at 4 and 12 to 20 weeks after selective alpha 1-inhibitor treatment compared with the baseline data before treatment; the level of Hb A1 was not significantly changed at 4 and 20 weeks after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 167 75

Changes in heart rate induced by inclining an orthostatic table to 30 degrees and 60 degrees and by standing was studied in 200/healthy volunteers of either sex. Study subjects were divided in eight ten-year age groups, from 16 to 97 years. The 56-65 year age group was the youngest group to develop systolic orthostatic hypotension. This response occurred in 4% of subjects aged 56-65 years and became increasingly prevalent from one age group to the next (25%, 36% and 44%). In some patient, the fall in systolic BP reached 70 mmHg. Systolic hypotension occurred in some patients at 30 degrees but in most cases developed only at 60 degrees. No significant difference was found between the falls in SBP seen at 60 degrees and during active standing (90 degrees), indicating that muscular activity does not play a major role in BP regulation. Diastolic hypotension was less common and was mainly seen in patients above 75 (20%) who also had systolic hypotension. Orthostatism was responsible for tachycardia but this response became increasingly less common beyond 55 years of age (60, 60, 52 and 36% in the four age groups above 55). This reflects increasing loss of sensitivity of the baroreflex with advancing age. These date are useful for comparing the age-specific effects of disease states (e.g. diabetes mellius, alcohol abuse) or treatments (psychoactive drugs, antihypertensive agents).
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PMID:[Cardiovascular responses to passive and active orthostatism in healthy subjects, in relation to age]. 175 18

We investigated the urinary albumin excretion and renal hemodynamics of normotensive nonobese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in an early microalbuminuric stage (defined by albuminuria less than 30 mg/day). In comparison with normal subjects, a significant increase in urinary albumin excretion was observed already in the IGT stage [U-albumin/U-creatinine: NL (20 subjects), 5.3 +/- 1.7 mg/g Cr; IGT (23 subjects), 11.9 +/- 6.7 mg/g Cr; DM (20 subjects), 12.8 +/- 5.7 mg/g Cr]. A 3-week diet therapy combined with physical exercise prescribed for 53 normotensive non-obese mild NIDDM patients resulted in improvement in glucose tolerance, concomitant with lowered systemic blood pressure and a decrease in urinary albumin excretion (SBP: 128.4 +/- 13.0 to 106.4 +/- 10.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01; DBP: 78.2 +/- 10.8 to 66.0 +/- 8.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.01; U-albumin: 19.4 +/- 10.3 to 10.1 +/- 9.1 mg/day, p less than 0.01). However, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, filtration fraction and urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion remained unchanged. From these results, we hypothesized that focal glomerular hyperperfusion increases urinary albumin excretion in patients with early NIDDM.
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PMID:Urinary albumin excretion in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in an early microalbuminuric stage. 185 79

A number of studies have shown changes and even an inversion of the diurnal cycle in certain affections: Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, severe renal failure, autonomous nervous system disorders, pre eclampsia etc.... The authors studied diurnal and nocturnal variations of blood pressure in type I diabetics. Twenty-nine normotensive (WHO criteria) type I diabetics (NTD) average age 34.9 +/- 11 years, with diabetes of 13.6 +/- 8 years standing, and 118 normotensive non-diabetics (NT) aged 20 to 60 years (distributed by decennies according to age and sex) were studied. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were recorded at rest in the decubitus position by the phase V indirect auscultatory method and during ambulatory monitoring (automatic Spacelabs no. degrees 90207 device) every 15 minutes during the daytime and 20 minutes during the night. The mean values were studied; the values of the heart rates were identical in the NTD and NT populations. Significant difference in SBP between the Nt and NTD were recorded: during daytime there was no difference either in SBP or DPB; during the night, there was a significant difference in SBP. A study of the day-night differences both in absolute and in relative values (day-night difference with respect to daytime values as a percentage) did not show any statistically significant differences between the two populations. Abnormalities of the 24 hour profile, defined as absence of a 5 mmHg fall in nocturnal BP values, were looked for but there were no differences between the NT and NTD subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study of the 24 hour blood pressure profile in normotensive type I diabetic patients]. 195 54

This prospective study was designed: 1. to determine both the mean level and the intrinsic variability of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), by using a nonambulatory recorder; 2. to look for a relationship between these parameters and the indices of diabetic target-organ damage. The patient group consisted of 21 subjects with IDDM (6 females, 15 males), aged 19 to 70 years, who were normotensive according to WHO criteria. The duration of the diabetics ranged from 1.5 to 32 years. A control group of 17 age and sex-matched normal volunteers was also examined. Each subject underwent a 24 h non ambulatory BP recording, a 2-dimensional echocardiography and a pulsed doppler examination; furthermore, an index of autonomic nervous system dysfunction was established, as well as an index of microangiopathy. Twenty-four hour BP and HR mean levels appeared to be slightly higher in IDDM patients than in control group, but the difference was significant for night SBP and 24 h DBP only. No difference was found with regard to BP and HR absolute variabilities; the relative variability of night DBP was slightly lower in IDDM group (p less than 0.05). A loss of nocturnal decline in BP was noted in 2 control subjects and in 9 IDDM patients: 8 out of these IDDM patients had an autonomic dysfunction. An abnormal HR circadian pattern was seen in 1 control and in 2 IDDM subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Average level and variability of 24 hour blood pressure in the normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patient]. 195 55

In a double-blind crossover study, the influence of bisoprolol and placebo was tested in 20 noninsulin-dependent diabetics with concomitant essential hypertension. A 2-week washout placebo period was followed by two treatment periods of 2 weeks each with 10 mg bisoprolol or placebo. Compared with placebo, bisoprolol did not change blood glucose, haemoglobin A1 (HbA1), and glucosuria. No hypoglycaemia was observed. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained constant. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced after 2 weeks of bisoprolol therapy, compared with placebo. It was concluded that bisoprolol, in a dose therapeutically effective in essential hypertension, has no influence on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in noninsulin-dependent patients with diabetes mellitus; and 10 mg bisoprolol is effective for the normalisation of SBP and DBP in mildly hypertensive diabetics. Since bisoprolol was well tolerated in the dosage studied, it can be recommended for noninsulin-dependent diabetics with hypertension.
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PMID:Influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria, and haemoglobin A1 in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. 243 8

The present study demonstrates the relationship between urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) and renal structural changes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) without clinical proteinuria. Resting AER in 30 control subjects and 67 NIDDM patients were 10.4 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD) micrograms/min (range 4.3-21.1 micrograms/min) and 26.4 +/- 32.3 micrograms/min (range 0.4-155 micrograms/min), respectively. Persistent normoalbuminuria (less than 20 micrograms/min) and microalbuminuria (20-200 micrograms/min) were found in 43 (Group A) and 24 (Group B) diabetics. There were significant differences in age, diabetes duration, and frequency of retinopathy (background and proliferative) as well as that of proliferative retinopathy between Groups A and B, but not in the other clinical parameters such as body mass index, HbA1, Ccr, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP). When compared with 11 normoalbuminuric patients of similar age and equal diabetes duration to those in Group B, the sole difference in clinical parameters was the existence of proliferative retinopathy in Group B. Renal structural changes were investigated by light microscopy in 14 people in Group A and 13 people in Group B, and additionally in 5 NIDDM patients with both macroalbuminuria (greater than or equal to 200 micrograms/min) and normal or nearly normal renal function (Group C). The diffuse glomerular lesion (Gellman's classification) was grade I or II in A, II or III in B, and III in C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship between urinary albumin excretion rate and renal histology in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: with reference to the clinical significance of microalbuminuria. 252 62


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