Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cord blood thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured in 4,068 infants from 28 wk gestation to term. Each chart was reviewed for the following factors: delivery by cesarean section, prolonged rupture of membranes, neonatal asphyxia, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, maternal diabetes mellitus and twinning. Each neonate was evaluated for the Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and low (SGA) or high (LGA) birthweight for gestational age. Within each gestational age group, the mean cord T4 value was similar except for a significantly lower mean cord T4 concentration for the term SGA subgroup. Thus, inclusion of the infant with a complicated neonatal course or the infant born to a high-risk mother in mass screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism using cord serum will not increase the number of false-positive T4 values.
 ...
PMID:The effect of perinatal factors on cord thyroxine concentration. 55 30

To evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on fetoplacental circulation, Doppler velocimetry was carried out in diabetic pregnant women (n = 21) and normal pregnant controls (n = 20) every 2 weeks from the 20th week of gestation till term. Blood flow wave form of umbilical artery (Um) and uterine artery (Ut) were measured and the systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) of Um and Ut calculated. The results showed that the Um and Ut S/D ratio of diabetic mothers with AGA babies (n = 15) and normal controls were not different. The S/D ratio of diabetic women with LGA newborns (n = 6) elevated after the 30th week of gestation, and the time of elevation was in accordance with the accelerating growth stage of LGA fetus. It is suggested that the elevation of S/D ratio may be related to the increasing requirement of blood supply for LGA babies in DM mother.
 ...
PMID:[Doppler velocimetry measurement in pregnancy complicated with diabetes mellitus]. 130 Feb 82

357 IDMs and 20 healthy newborns of non-diabetic mothers were examined at term for body measurements, red blood cell count, serum bilirubin, cord blood insulin and blood glucose during the first postnatal week. The stage of maternal diabetes did not influence the course of neonatal bilirubin levels, but the IDMs had prolonged and higher bilirubinaemia compared with the controls. Hyperbilirubinaemia was found to be most prominent in newborns with an increased birthweight/length ratio and was not simply related to macrosomia (LGA). These infants had significantly lower blood glucose concentrations immediately after birth, whereas cord blood insulin was found to be identical between the IDM sub-groups. Bilirubinaemia in heavy for length infants was slightly correlated to haematocrit. For the pathogenesis of hyperbilirubinaemia in IDMs induction of heme oxygenase (due to a lack of energy provision following a phosphorylation disorder) is discussed. Nutritional support (early feeding, glucose infusions) does not affect the course of bilirubinaemia.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal jaundice in infants of diabetic mothers. 270 15

In this study of the effects of maternal diabetes on the growth of offspring, 52 diabetic mothers were enrolled prenatally in the Providence cohort of the Perinatal Collaborative Study during 1960-1963. Among the offspring, there were 12 perinatal deaths. We were able to enroll 34 survivors and 34 matched controls in an adolescent follow-up study. Of the 34 diabetic mothers, six were insulin dependent, six had chemical diabetes, 13 had gestational diabetes, and nine were suspects. As part of the Collaborative Project, sequential follow-up evaluations had been done at four months, one year, four years, and seven years. A positive relationship was found between maternal pre-pregnant weight, weight gain during pregnancy, and the neonatal weight/height index in both diabetic and control subjects. At 7 years of age, eight of 19 offspring of diabetic mothers who were large for gestation at birth were obese, whereas only one of 14 infants who were appropriate for gestation at birth were obese (P < 0.05). Adolescent obesity (weight/height index greater than or equal to 1.2) was more likely in infants who had been LGA at birth. These data suggest that macrosomia in infants of diabetic mothers may be a predisposing factor for later obesity.
 ...
PMID:Somatic growth of children of diabetic mothers with reference to birth size. 740 Aug 85

Our objective was to study the influence of chronic hypertension on pregnancy outcome in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). 418 women with GDM (30 with chronic hypertension and 388 nonhypertensives) were referred to our diabetes in pregnancy program. All patients were followed and assessed biweekly until delivery. When hypertensive GDM women (n = 30) wer compared to all nonhypertensive GDM (n = 388), there were significant (p < 0.05) differences in mean maternal age (34 +/- 4.1 vs. 30 +/- 4.6 years), maternal weight (90 +/- 21.2 vs. 70.6 +/- 14.9 kg) and gestational age at delivery (38.5 +/- 1.2 vs. 39.6 +/- 1.2 weeks). The mean birth weight for the hypertensive GDM group was significantly higher than that of the nonhypertensive GDM (3,360 +/- 578 vs. 3,293 +/- 581 g; p < 0.05). The frequencies of LGA (23.3 vs. 9.8%) and induction prior to onset of spontaneous labor were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the hypertensive GDM group when compared to the nonhypertensive GDM. There were no differences with respect to the average blood glucose and frequencies of SGA deliveries. However, when the 30 hypertensive GDM pregnancies were compared to a control group of 60 nonhypertensive GDM women matched for age, weight and height, the only significant difference was a higher rate of inductions of labor (36.7 vs. 6.6%, p < 0.05) in hypertensive diabetic women. There were no significant differences in the incidence of LGA, low Apgar scores and SGA deliveries when hypertensive GDM were compared to nonhypertensive GDM women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Chronic hypertension in gestational diabetes: influence on pregnancy outcome. 778 11

The function of insulin receptor and IGF-1 receptor was investigated in placentas from 10 healthy control mothers, 8 diabetic mothers with appropriate-for-gestational-age babies (AGA group) and 9 diabetic mothers with large-for-gestational-age babies (LGA group). None of the diabetic mothers were obese before pregnancy; their blood glucose was well controlled during pregnancy and glycosylated HbA1c was 6.52 +/- 0.71% (M +/- S.E.). Insulin and IGF-1 receptors were partially purified from placentas using wheat germ agglutinin chromatography. The insulin-binding capacity was significantly increased in both the AGA and the LGA groups compared to the control, whereas the IGF-1 binding capacity was similar in the three groups. Autophosphorylation studies were performed with partially purified receptors equalized for similar binding capacity, then immunoprecipitated with anti-insulin receptor antibody or anti-IGF-1 receptor antibody. Insulin-stimulated 32P-incorporation into the insulin receptor beta-subunit was increased by 133% in the LGA group versus the control, whereas incorporation in the AGA group was equivalent to the control. Insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor preparation for histone H2B phosphorylation was also significantly increased in the LGA group compared to the control. 32P-incorporation into beta-subunit IGF-1 receptor and IGF-1-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity did not show any significant differences among the three groups. The data in the present study suggest that elevated insulin receptor kinase might be involved in fetal overgrowth in diabetic mothers.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 Jan
PMID:Insulin-receptor kinase is enhanced in placentas from non-insulin-dependent diabetic women with large-for-gestational-age babies. 820 Feb 91

The purpose of this study was to determine whether infants sufficiently affected by maternal diabetes or hypertension to exhibit abnormal growth (macrosomia, growth retardation) would also display significant alteration in timing of pulmonary maturity (delay or acceleration, respectively). We studied 874 consecutive women with fetal pulmonary maturity testing prior to delivery. Patients were stratified by birth weight into fetal size categories (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA], large for gestational age [LGA]). Cases were compared based on maternal disease, fetal size categories and pulmonary maturity testing results. Pulmonary maturity rates based on both phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) did not differ between term LGA infants of diabetic mothers (97%) and term LGA (80%) or AGA (97%) infants of non-diabetic, non-hypertensive mothers. When compared based on PG alone, there was no difference between the rate of positive PG in term AGA infants of non-hypertensive, non-diabetic mothers (75%) and that seen in the other pregnancy groups (33-80%). Breakdown by gestational age revealed no significant differences in maturity rates between the study groups. Macrosomic diabetic infants and growth-retarded hypertensive infants are no different from controls in their timing of fetal pulmonary maturation.
 ...
PMID:Is lung maturation related to fetal growth in diabetic or hypertensive pregnancies? 828 38

Leptin can be considered as a peripheral signal which informs the centers about the mass of energy stores. Studies done on the human adult population have demonstrated that degree of adiposity and insulin levels play a major role as determinants of leptin circulating levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate which factors may influence leptin levels at birth. We examined the role played by baby size and by the metabolic environment the fetus was exposed to during pregnancy. We considered 85 newborns from normal (n = 60), gestational (GDM, n = 17) and pregestational (IDDM = 8) diabetes mellitus mothers. At delivery, blood was taken from the umbilical cord vein. Babies from normal and GDM mothers were subdivided into AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age). There was no difference in leptin levels between babies from normal or GDM mothers belonging to the same weight category, but leptin levels were always higher in LGA than in AGA newborns, and highly correlated with birth weight (r = 0.34, P = 0.001). Moreover, IDDM mothers gave birth to newborns with significantly higher levels of leptin and insulin when compared with normal and GDM mothers. Diabetes of both GDM and IDDM mothers was clinically well controlled (HbA1c was 4.0 and 7.2, respectively). The correlation between leptin and insulin was significant only when newborns from IDDM mothers were included in the regression analysis (r = 0.39, P = 0.0002). Our results suggest that degree of adiposity is one of the main regulators of leptin concentration in the human newborn and that babies exposed to an altered, though clinically controlled, metabolic environment, as in IDDM mothers, have increased levels of leptin.
 ...
PMID:Plasma leptin levels in newborns from normal and diabetic mothers. 980 27

Ghrelin has orexigenic effects. It is present in umbilical cord plasma in full-term neonates, raising the prospect that ghrelin plays a role in fetal and neonatal energy balance. We measured ghrelin in small (SGA), appropriate (AGA), and large (LGA) for gestational age neonates and evaluated whether ghrelin levels are modulated by neonatal insulin and glucose concentrations. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, insulin, and glucose were measured in cord blood sampled at birth in 123 SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates (gestational age, 24-41 wk) born to mothers with and without diabetes. Ghrelin was detected in samples from all infants. Its concentration was 40% higher in SGA neonates (mean +/- SD, 2436 +/- 657 pg/ml) compared with AGA (1738 +/- 380) and LGA (1723 +/- 269) neonates. There was a positive correlation between ghrelin and gestational age in AGA/LGA (r = 0.23; P < 0.05) and a negative correlation in SGA (r = -0.67; P < 0.005) neonates. Therefore, the difference in ghrelin between SGA and AGA/LGA neonates decreases with advancing gestational age. Birth weight z-score, maternal hypertension, and glucose concentrations were significant determinants of ghrelin concentrations. In conclusion, SGA neonates present with higher umbilical cord ghrelin plasma concentrations than AGA/LGA neonates. Ghrelin may play a physiological role in fetal adaptation to intrauterine malnutrition.
 ...
PMID:Elevated umbilical cord ghrelin concentrations in small for gestational age neonates. 1297 Mar 5

Unexplained intra-uterine fetal death is still a problem in diabetic pregnancies, especially in those with an LGA-infant. We hypothesized that in these pregnancies impaired placental function, in terms of abnormal placental weight and/or abnormal placental histology, may account for this phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the relative placental weight and scored several histological abnormalities in 34 AGA- and 24 LGA-placentae of type 1 diabetic women and in 22 AGA- and 16 LGA-placentae of control women. Relative placental weight was comparable in the LGA-diabetic cases and in the control groups, but was significantly higher in the AGA-diabetic subgroup. Histological abnormalities such as the presence of nucleated fetal red blood cells, fibrinoid necrosis, villous immaturity and chorangiosis were observed more often in the diabetic placentae compared with the control placentae. These differences in histology were particularly observed when we compared both AGA-groups. LGA-control placentae showed a high incidence of histological abnormalities, almost comparable to the diabetic placentae. Only fibrinoid necrosis was significantly more common in the LGA-diabetic placentae. Three of the four cases of perinatal death/asphyxia in the diabetic group concerned an LGA-infant with a relative low placental weight. In conclusion, placentae of women with type 1 diabetes showed several abnormalities that can be associated with impaired functioning. The difference between AGA- and LGA-diabetic placentae was related to relative placental weight and our data suggest that an increase in relative weight may protect the fetus from asphyxia. Placentae from LGA-non-diabetic women showed several similarities to those of women with diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Placental pathology in women with type 1 diabetes and in a control group with normal and large-for-gestational-age infants. 1312 78


1 2 3 Next >>