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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of fibrinogen on the risk of cardiovascular disease is examined over 16 years of follow-up in 1314 subjects who were initially free of cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Study. Of these subjects, 46 men and 43 women developed diabetes, and 56 men and 53 women had blood sugar levels that exceeded 120 mg/dl. Diabetes predisposed subjects to all of the 408 major cardiovascular disease outcomes. Diabetics had higher levels of fibrinogen, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity, but lower HDL cholesterol values. The influence of diabetes on cardiovascular disease was greatly dependent on these coexistent risk factors, but there was a substantial independent effect of glucose intolerance when all the standard risk factors had been taken into account. There was a rise in fibrinogen values throughout the range of blood sugar levels, which suggests a thrombogenic explanation for the unique diabetic effect. However, multivariate analysis indicates no further reduction in diabetic cardiovascular risk ratios after adjustment for fibrinogen; thus, there is a residual effect for glucose intolerance after all of the standard risk factors and fibrinogen have been taken into account.
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PMID:Diabetes, fibrinogen, and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham experience. 238 2

It has been speculated that changes in intrinsic blood flow properties may contribute to the evolution of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. To verify this hypothesis we measured hematocrit, fibrinogen, plasma and blood viscosity in 30 diabetic patients and in 25 healthy volunteers. Diabetics showed blood and plasma viscosity and fibrinogenemia higher than healthy subjects, although only plasma viscosity and fibrinogenemia were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Moreover the diabetic patients with the highest HbAlc values had a significant increase in plasma viscosity compared with the patients with lower HbAlc values (p less than 0.001), despite a similar fibrinogenemia. This study confirms the presence of hemorheological changes in diabetes mellitus and shows a correlation between plasma viscosity and metabolic control.
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PMID:[Evaluation of various hemorheologic parameters in diabetes mellitus]. 239 Feb 23

Camostat mesilate is a developed derivative of gabexate mesilate for oral administration and is known to be one of the most potent protease inhibitors. We administered this drug to 15 patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy at a daily dose of 600 mg for 4 to 6 weeks. All patients had been treated with conventional therapy including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and their diseases had stabilized for at least 2 weeks before the camostat mesilate therapy. Urinary protein excretion decreased promptly from 4.8 +/- 0.6 to 2.9 +/- 0.4 gm/day (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01) and serum albumin level increased from 2.7 +/- 0.2 gm/dl to 2.9 +/- 0.2 gm/dl (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) within 4 to 6 weeks. The amount of plasma fibrinogen significantly decreased from 419.7 +/- 42.3 mg/dl to 306.6 +/- 28.3 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01), and urinary total fibrinogen degradation product excretion over 24 hours also decreased from 26,118 +/- 9,696 to 18,072 +/- 7,107 micrograms/day (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). The value for serum creatinine level did not change during this intervention. We suggest that camostat mesilate suppresses the hypercoagulable state originating from diabetes mellitus, and changes the permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall. These effects of camostat mesilate may improve the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Effect of camostat mesilate for the treatment of advanced diabetic nephropathy. 239 38

Objective measurements of vessels were performed in vivo in 10 patients affected with diabetes mellitus, the fibrinogen concentrations in the venous blood being determined simultaneously. Whereas the ensured correlations with fibrinogen concentration could be recognized from the diameter of arteries and veins and from the flow velocity, a linear correlation could be found to exist between the fibrinogen level and the volume flowing through a retinal artery. These findings prove that the very existence of a hyperfibrinogen anemia does not justify the assumption of the blood volume flow being decreased. In patients with diabetes mellitus the enhanced volume flowing through retinal arteries is rather connected with an increased fibrinogen level.
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PMID:[Behavior of fibrinogen in diabetic patients in comparison with objective vascular measurements in the ocular fundus]. 241 13

Since intravascular and endoparietal fibrin deposition is thought to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis, we measured factor XIII activity and its subunit 'a' and 'b' concentrations against a background of other haemostasis parameters in diabetics with angiopathy and in 2 control groups (healthy subjects and diabetics without vascular complications). Diabetics with angiopathy revealed a significant increase of factor XIII activity as well as its subunit concentrations. They also had significantly elevated anti-thrombin III, alpha 2 macroglobulin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, C1 inhibitor, fibrinogen, FDP concentrations and prolongation of euglobulin lysis time. The highest factor XIII levels were found in diabetics with renal failure. We suppose that increased factor XIII level and other observed changes of haemostasis in patients with diabetic angiopathy might promote intravascular and endoparietal fibrin deposition and contribute to the development of atherosclerotic complications of diabetes.
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PMID:Plasma factor XIII and some other haemostasis parameters in patients with diabetic angiopathy. 243 83

The changes in the level of glycated proteins and some factors of coagulation were studied in 30 patients with diabetes mellitus--15 with and 15 without diabetic retinopathy. The mean level of glycoalbumin was elevated (2.9 +/- 0.8 mg) HMF (mg protein) without an authentic difference in the two subgroups. Glycohemoglobin was also increased (means--13.6 +/- 1%) in all studied subjects The activity of antithrombin III was high (means--222 +/- 53%) and the concentration--reduced--means--22.1 +/- 2.2 mg%, without authentic difference in the two subgroups. The concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin, as well as its activity showed no significant deviations. Factor VIII (von Willebrand) was within reference limits (means--97.04 +/- 15.06%) with a tendency to lower values in the group without diabetic retinopathy. Fibrinogen level (means--4.3 +/- 1.2 g) was within the reference range, and FDP--increased in the majority of the examined. A syndrome of intensified latent coagulability, equivalent to chronic decompensated DIC, determined by the basic dismetabolism and non-enzymatic glycating of proteins has been outlined. The changes are more marked in the cases with diabetic retinopathy.
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PMID:[Glycosylated proteins and various hemostatic indices in diabetic retinopathy]. 244 29

Vascular risk, mainly thromboembolitic risk, attributed to oral contraceptives (OCs) since 1962, has been primarily linked to ethinyl estradiol (EE). OCs which combine estrogen and have been associated with cerebral vascular accidents. A 1977 study showed a 40% increase of mortality due to cardiovascular complications in women taking OCs. There were of both an arterial and a venous character. The risk of myocardial infarction was 3 times more frequent among OC users. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were more numerous. Some other risk factors include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and age 35. The risk of heart attack vanishes a few years after stopping OC use. The reduction of EE (and similarly progesterone) dosage from 100-50 mcg also lower the risk of hypertension, cerebral vascular accidents, and venous thrombosis. Prolonged use of OCs causes disorders of hemostasis affecting the walls of blood vessels, modifying the viscosity of blood flow (increase of hematocrits, reduction of venous tonus), modifying plasmatic coagulation (increase of platelets, increase of factors VII and X and plasma fibrinogen, and decrease of antithrombin III activity), and increased fibrinolysis. These anomalies are exclusively associated with high doses of estrogens. 5% of women using OCs develop moderate hypertension of 5-10 mm Hg of systolic pressure 5 years later, but after cessation it is reversed. OCs stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causing accelerated production of angiotensin II with the resultant forceful vasotension. 3 months after quitting OC use, high blood pressure returns to normal. EE can provoke diabetes; it increases very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) production, but total cholesterol is hardly affected. The androgenic property of progestogens reduces HDL. Combined OCs are contraindicated for women with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and a family history of vascular accidents.
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PMID:[Oral contraception and the vascular risk]. 251 20

The Authors analyze the clinical and biological meanings of some markers of coagulative activity (beta thromboglobulin, PF4, fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A) and their changes in some arterial diseases. The role of main atherosclerosis risk factors (dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and diabetes) in promoting a thrombophylic state in these pathological conditions is also considered. Finally the Authors evaluate the usefulness of the markers of coagulative activity from both a diagnostic and a preventive point of view in the arteriopathies of atherosclerotic etiology.
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PMID:[Usefulness of several laboratory tests on prethrombotic status in arterial vascular pathology]. 252 51

Excess production of growth hormone (GH) in poorly controlled diabetes is believed to be a causal factor in the development of diabetic angiopathy, the mechanism(s) of which is unknown. The present study was undertaken to determine whether exogenous growth hormone would specifically change some quantities and functional parameters known to often be abnormal in long-standing diabetes and thought to result from the development of vascular lesions in general. The authors studied capillary resistance, factor VIII coagulant antigen (F VIII:Ag), von Willebrand factor (vWf:Ag), fibronectin, fibrinogen, and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) before, during, and after 1 week's subcutaneous GH administration (6 IU per day divided into two doses). Capillary resistance decreased insignificantly, but returned to higher levels (p less than 0.05) 1 week after withdrawal. F VIII:Ag, vWf:Ag, fibronectin, and fibrinogen all increased significantly during GH treatment. Except for F VIII:Ag, these quantities returned to pre-medication levels 7 days after termination of GH administration. The present results may contribute to the clarification of the role of GH hypersecretion in diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy.
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PMID:Diabetes-like alterations in hemostatic parameters after growth hormone administration for one week in normal man. 252 35

Blood viscosity was investigated in alloxan-diabetic dogs and in dogs made experimentally hyperglycemic by a galactose-rich diet. The diabetics were prospectively assigned to levels of glycemic control ranging from poor to good. After up to 5 years of study, the blood viscosity of hyperglycemic diabetic animals was significantly greater than normal at both high (100 sec-1) and low (0.1 sec-1) shear rates. Blood viscosity at the low shear rate correlated closely with fibrinogen concentration, (r = 0.75; p less than 0.02) but not with HbA1 concentration (r = 0.14) in the diabetics. Galactosemic animals likewise had elevated blood viscosity at the low shear rate, but the correlation of viscosity with fibrinogen concentration in those animals was not statistically significant (r = 0.42). Plasma viscosity tended to be elevated in both diabetes and galactosemia, but not to a statistically significant degree.
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PMID:Elevated blood viscosity in alloxan diabetic dogs and experimentally galactosemic dogs. 252 59


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