Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We found that patients with long-standing (greater than 10 years) diabetes who have not developed retinopathy had a significantly higher and almost normal fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and also a higher spontaneous fibrinolytic activity than those who had developed retinopathy. In the latter, the low fibrinolytic activity of the blood was, however, not correlated to a low plasminogen activator activity of the vessel walls. Although generally lower than in controls, the activator activity of the vessel walls in the retinopathy group tended to be higher than in the rest, and in fact those with only minor vascular changes (microaneurysms) had a significantly higher activity than the other diabetics. The fibrinogen and alpha2-macroglobulin levels were higher in the retinopathy group. Thus multiple abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system were found to be related to diabetic microangiopathy.
Diabetes 1975 Jun
PMID:Diabetic retinopathy and the fibrinolytic system. 4 82

Examination of the fibrinolytic system of 221 diabetics with varying grades of under- and overweight revealed not only an elevated fibrinogen level and a significantly decreases spontaneous and stimulated fibrinolytic activity in obesity, but also a highly significantly decreased activity of plasminogen activator of the vessel walls in these patients. Similar, but less marked, changes were found in obese non-diabetics. Thes changes imply a decreased ability to remove fibrin deposits within the lumina of small and large vessels and thus an increased risk of thrombosis, and they may be closely related to the high frequency of late complications in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effect of obesity on endogenous fibrinolytic activity in diabetes mellitus. 5 14

Five glycoproteins have been measured in the blood of 145 diabetic patients with and without clinical evidence of complications. Patients with diabetic complications have higher glycoproteins levels particularly when expressed as a ratio to serum albumin levels. In 32 pairs of patients matched for age, sex, body weight, duration and treatment of diabetes, significantly higher haptoglobin, fibrinogen and caeruloplasmin levels were associated with the presence of diabetic complications, but blood glucose levels were not significantly different. Beta-lipoprotein levels were positively correlated with age and alpha2-macroglobulin levels with the duration of clinical disease, but the type of antidiabetic therapy administered did not significantly alter glycoprotein levels. It is suggested that rising levels of certain glycoproteins in the blood of diabetic patients may indicate the development of diabetic vascular complications, but a prospective study is required before it can be decided whether this change predates the clinical appearance of the complications.
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PMID:Blood glycoprotein levels in diabetes mellitus. 6 Feb 65

The spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood is abnormally low significantly more often in persons with diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetic controls. The fibrinolytic response stimulated by venous occlusion is poor six times more frequently in diabetics than in controls, and the fibrinolytic activity of the endothelial cells is abnoramlly low in one-fourth of the diabetics tested. These changes are not related to the duration of diabetes. However, if patients with long-standing diabetes (greater than 10 years) are separated into those with retinopathy and those without, it is found that those who remain free from opthalmoscopically visible retinopathy have an almost normal fibrinolytic response on stimulation, while the others have a significantly lower response. This difference seems to be caused by a faulty plasminogen activator release mechanism. Compared with the other diabetics, those with retinopathy also have a significantly increased level of fibrinogen and of alpha2-macroglobulin, a protein that acts as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. These findings imply a poor defense mechanism against fibrin deposits in the vessel walls in diabetes, which might contribute to the development of diabetic microangiopathy.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Fibrinolysis and diabetic retinopathy. 6 Nov 39

The isolated rat liver perfused for 12 hours at pH 7.10 with a suspension of bovine erythrocytes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3 per cent bovine serum albumin has been used as a test system to study effects of glucagon and of dexamethasone in the presence and absence of insulin on net biosynthesis of rat serum albumin, fibrinogen, alpah1-acid glycoprotein, alpha2-(acute phase) globulin, and haptoglobin. Quantitative measurement of perfusate glucose, amino acid nitrogen, and urea affords a basis for determining net glucose and nitrogen balance in the perfusion system. Although the dose of dexamethasone (total 1.0 mug.) used was insufficient to induce synthesis of alpha2-acute phase globulin, net syntheses of albumin, fibrogen, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin were increased. Glucagon given with dexamethasone depressed albumin and haptoglobin synthesis markedly, but not that of fibrinogen and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Glucagon with dexamethasone markedly enhanced ureogenesis and glycogenolysis and elicited an exaggerated negative nitrogen balance. The unfavorable effects of glucagon on albumin and haptoglobin synthesis and on nitrogen balance were reversed by giving insulin simultaneously. It is emphasized that insulin is essential for positive nitrogen balance.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Direct effects of glucagon on protein and amino acid metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. Interactions with insulin and dexamethasone in net synthesis of albumin and acute-phase proteins. 6 Nov 40

Serial renal morphologic, ultrastructural immunohisotlogic and functional studies were done on diabetic Lewis rats to evaluate the course of nephropathy and to study the effects of early pancreatic isografts on renal disease associated with streptozotocin diabetes. Three groups of experimental animals and one group of agematched controls were used. Group 1 consisted of 12 animals which were made diabetic with streptozotocin and which did not receive transplants. Early in the course of diabetes, these animals developed an increase in mesangial matrix, electron-dense material in themesangium, with immunoglobulin G, C3, and occasionally fibrinogen deposits in the glomerular mesangium. Alterations were progressive and mesangial bars, proximal tubular degeneration, tubular vacuolization, and myeloid figureswere present later. Progressive increase in protein excretion and increase in glomerular filtration rate were observed. Persistent glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, andhypercalcuria. In contrast, only an occasional animal from Groups 2 and 3 with a pancreatic transplant showed renal in age-matched controls. These studies have demonstrated the evolution of renal glomerular and tubular changes in streptozotocin diabetic rats, and they have showed functional, and immunohistochemical changes.
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PMID:Pancreatic transplantation in diabetic rats: renal function, morphology, ultrastructure, and immunohistology. 12 59

The effect of clofibrate (1.5 g/day) on different plasma proteins and on components of the hemostatic system was studied in eight men with either mild diabetes mellitus or cardiosclerosis. Before treatment, the subjects were investigated weekly on five occasions. The means of these determinations were compared with the values observed after 2, 6 and 14 weeks of treatment. During the treatment albumin and transferrin increased significantly while orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin, beta1 E-globulin, IgA, IgM and fibrinogen decreased significantly. The decreases of the last proteins in per cent were found to be associated with each other in single subjects, i.e. a subject who reacted with a certain degree of change in one protein tended to react in a similar way with regard to the other proteins. A correlation was observed between the concentration before the treatment and the decrease in concentration during the treatment for ceruloplasmin, IgG, IgA, IgM and fibrinogen. The fibrinolytic activity increased significantly. Plasminogen decreased after 6 weeks and increased after 14 weeks of treatment. Platelet adhesiveness was not influenced.
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PMID:Effect of clofibrate on plasma proteins including components of the hemostatic mechanism. 13 Oct 8

The precise etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis still remain obscure. The aim of the present study was 1. to evaluate the morphologic and functional alterations of mesangial cells in long term diabetic rats and 2. to study the effect of islet transplantation on these lesions. Diabetes was induced in inbred Lewis rats with streptozotocin (65 mg per kg). 7 month later glomeruli of diabetic rats showed hyaline nodular deposits, exsudative lesions and glomerular aneurysms. The thickening of the mesangium measured by point counting method was statistically significant compared with age matched controls. Large quantities of IgG, beta 1c and fibrinogen in a predominantly mesangial pattern could be demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. After injection of aggregated immunoglobulin the uptake of IgG by the mesangial cells was delayed in the diabetics compared with normal controls. Islet transplantation resulted in a marked reduction of the light microscopic and immunohistological glomerular lesions and restored the phagocytic capacity of the mesangial cells almost completely. From these results it is concluded, that the fundamental defect in diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a metabolically induced functional defect of the mesangial cells.
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PMID:[Regression of diabetic glomerular changes following islet transplantation. A study of rats with streptozotocin diabetes]. 15 38

Plasma fibrinogen content was measured in 20 normal subjects, 20 patients with diabetes mellitus, 20 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type II or IV (Fredrickson) and 10 patients with hyperuricemia. These vascular risks were accompanied by significant increase of plasma fibrinogen in comparison with the normal collective. The highest fibrinogen concentrations were found in diabetics, followed by hyperuricemias and hyperlipoproteinemias. The importance of coagulation disturbances is discussed in regard of angiopathogenesis.
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PMID:[Plasma fibrinogen activity in diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia and hyperuricemia (author's transl)]. 17 94

The effects of clofibrate treatment have been monitored in a double-blind cross-over study conducted in 16 male patients with coronary heart disease. Most had latent diabetes mellitus with elevated and delayed insulin release after i.v. glucose administration. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured during repeated i.v. glucose tolerance tests in each patient and serum triglyceride and plasma fibrinogen were estimated at intervals. Clofibrate treatment significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels (p less than 0.01) and improved the glucose tolerance (p less than 0.01). Fasting plasma insulin levels and those at 30 min after glucose loading were reduced (p less than 0.05). Serum triglycerides (p less than 0.01) and plasma fibrinogen levels (p less than 0.05) were lowered during the treatment period. The change in k-value (glucose utilization) did not correlate to changes in triglyceride or fibrinogen. This study confirms the beneficial effect of clofibrate therapy on abnormal glucose tolerance observed by other workers. It is suggested that clofibrate acts by reducing peripheral insulin resistance.
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PMID:The effect of clofibrate on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, triglycerides and fibrinogen in patients with coronary heart disease. 32 58


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