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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bright artificial light has been found effective in reducing winter depressive symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder, although conclusions about the true magnitude of treatment effect and importance of time of day of light exposure have been limited by methodologic problems. Individual subjects' data from 14 research centers studying 332 patients over 5 years were analyzed with a pooled clustering technique. Overall, 2500-lux intensity light exposure for at least 2 hours daily for 1 week resulted in significantly more remissions--Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score reduction of 50% or more to a level under 8--when administered in the early morning (53%) than in the evening (38%) or at midday (32%). All three times were significantly more effective than dim light controls (11%). Dual daily exposures (morning-plus-evening light) provided no benefit over morning light alone. In morning-evening crossovers, remission rates were 62% under morning light alone, compared with 28% under evening light alone, with a differential morning-evening response present in 59% of morning responders compared with 10% of evening responders (p less than 0.001). Remission rates with morning light were highest given low severity at baseline (HAM-D score of 10-16: 67% remission), as compared with moderate-to-severe cases (HAM-D score above 16: approximately 40% remission) where no morning-evening differences were found. Firmer conclusions await treatment studies with larger sample sizes and full assessment of atypical vegetative symptoms seen in winter depression but underrepresented in the Hamilton scale. Longer treatment course and greater light intensity may help clarify clinical response despite the impossibility of achieving a conventional blind placebo control.
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PMID:Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder. A review of efficacy. 267 25

Bright white light (500lx) for 4 h/day was applied to seven narcoleptic patients (age 47-65 years, mean 55 years). The effects of the light on the disturbed sleep-wake cycle in narcoleptics were investigated by the measurement of the following parameters: (1) excessive daytime sleepiness and sustained attention (multiple sleep latency test); (2) rest-activity cycles; (3) self-ratings (mood, anxiety, tiredness); (4) urinary cycles of 6-OH melatonin sulphate and cortisol; (5) sleep EEG. Treatment with bright light showed neither objective nor subjective changes in the clinical symptoms of narcolepsy. While similar "dosage" light applications can phase shift human circadian rhythms and improve depression and hypersomnia in winter depression, it is not an appropriate treatment for narcolepsy.
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PMID:Bright white light does not improve narcoleptic symptoms. 275 54

Six women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder had a significant reduction in depression ratings after treatment with evening, but not morning, bright light. Bright light may offer an alternative to the pharmacologic treatment of premenstrual mood disorders.
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PMID:Morning versus evening bright light treatment of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder. 276 81

In a preliminary crossover study, fifty patients with a cyclothymic axial syndrome were given bright-light treatment, while fifty other such patients were treated by means of partial sleep deprivation, 60% of the patients responded to bright-light treatment, as opposed to 50% of the patients partially deprived of sleep. The superior results of the bright-light treatment (Hamilton Depression Scale) are confirmed on the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation and the Profile of Mood States. Comparatively young patients with a not so extremely marked depression show the best response rates. Bright-light treatment is also effective against depressive disorders in non-seasonal depressions.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of bright light therapy in cyclothymic axis syndromes--a cross-over study in comparison with partial sleep deprivation]. 320

Bright white full spectrum light (greater than 2500 lux) can improve depressive symptomatology in a selected group of patients with recurrent autumn and winter depression. This crossover study demonstrates that 0.5-h morning white light is not an effective treatment, whereas 2-h is.
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PMID:Dose relationships of morning bright white light in seasonal affective disorders (SAD). 358 77

Supersensitivity of a muscarinic mechanism is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Bright artificial light is efficacious in the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). We studied the effect of constant bright light (11,500 lux) on the sensitivity of adult, male rats to oxotremorine, 1.5 mg/kg ip, using a repeated measures design. Oxotremorine challenges were proceeded by the injection of methylscopolamine, 1 mg/kg ip, by 30 minutes. Temperature was telemetrically measured every 10 minutes for 120 minutes starting 10 minutes after the injection of oxotremorine. Prior to and after 7 continuous days of exposure to bright light, the sample exhibited a hypothermic response of 2.50 +/- 0.48 degrees C (mean +/- SEM) and 0.29 +/- 0.31 degrees C (mean +/- SEM), respectively (p less than 0.0014). All 7 animals exhibited blunting to the thermic response to oxotremorine. Bright light also blocked the capacity of amitriptyline to supersensitize a central muscarinic mechanism. Exposure to light at an intensity of 300 lux for 7 days had no effect on the thermic response to oxotremorine. These data are consistent with the hypotheses that the biology of depression involves supersensitivity of central muscarinic mechanisms and that the effects of bright artificial light are not the consequence of shifting circadian rhythms.
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PMID:Bright artificial light subsensitizes a central muscarinic mechanism. 369 99

The authors treated winter depression in 13 patients with typical seasonal affective disorder by extending the length of winter days with bright and dim light in the morning and evening in a balanced-order crossover study. Bright light had a marked antidepressant effect, whereas the dim light did not. This response could not be attributed to sleep deprivation. Subsequent pilot studies indicated that bright evening light alone is probably also effective. Several patients were able to maintain the antidepressant response throughout the winter months by continuing daily light treatments.
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PMID:Antidepressant effects of light in seasonal affective disorder. 388

The skeleton of a middle-aged female showing an unusual pattern of congenital, traumatic, and degenerative pathology was recovered from a small Kayenta Anasazi site located near the confluence of Bright Angel Creek with the Colorado River in the Inner Gorge of Grand Canyon. The atlas is fused with the base of the skull and C2 is fused with C3. The cervical region was subjected to hyperextension, perhaps through use of a tumpline, with resultant reduction of the neural canal to 8 mm, a condition that quite likely led to neurological problems. The skeleton also includes a depression fracture of the lateral condyle of the left tibia. Complete, bilateral spondylolysis of L5 led to an olisthesis of approximately 15 mm. The disc between L5 and S1 then ossified, most likely from staphylococcus bacteremia, making the olisthesis permanent and thereby creating a unique arachaeological specimen. Although spondylolysis is usually viewed as a stress fracture, the general pattern of pathology in this individual makes it necessary to consider an etiology of acute trauma.
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PMID:Atlanto-occipital fusion and spondylolisthesis in an Anasazi skeleton from Bright Angel Ruin, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. 406 91

Light therapy (bright or dim light) was given at different times (morning or evening) to 27 unmedicated patients with nonseasonal depression (according to DSM-III-R criteria) and 16 normal volunteers. Circadian rhythms in body temperature were measured before and after light therapy. Bright light significantly improved clinical symptoms of depression, as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), independent of the time of phototherapy. Dim light therapy had no effect on HRSD scores. Circadian rhythms of body temperatures in patients with affective disorder were more sensitive to the entraining effects of bright light than those of normal subjects, but these effects were not related to clinical improvement. Bright light exposure has an antidepressant effect on patients with nonseasonal depression, but the effect is unlikely to be mediated via the same circadian system that regulates body temperature.
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PMID:Clinical and chronobiological effects of light therapy on nonseasonal affective disorders. 754 61

The effects of morning light treatment on mood, subjective sleepiness and body temperature were investigated with 13 outpatients with winter depression and 13 healthy controls. Bright light for 1 h daily for 2 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in depression ratings and evening subjective sleepiness in the patients compared with the healthy controls. Even a short 15-min exposure to light daily produced these changes.
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PMID:Effects of morning light treatment on subjective sleepiness and mood in winter depression. 815 Oct 48


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