Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) from 57 unipolar patients were compared to the scores of symptom severity for nine symptom clusters derived from the Symptom Check List (SCL-90). The depression and hostility clusters were significantly associated with NAG levels. In a separate study of 21 unipolar patients, six out of 31 mood symptoms were significantly associated with NAG levels, as were two out of seven tested RDC depression subtypes. Serotonin abnormalities may play a role in the production of many of these symptoms. A hypothesis that NAG could be a marker for serotonin activity is discussed.
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PMID:Association of NAG levels with specific psychiatric symptoms in unipolar patients. 786 97

1. Delta TSH, REM latency, 4 pm and 11 pm post-dexamethasone cortisol values were determined after a wash-out period in a group of 74 non-selected depressed patients who were diagnosed (according to RDC with the SADS) as follows: 46 definite and 10 probable MD, 4 minor and 14 intermittent depression. 2. These biological variables, as well as gender, age and basal TSH were introduced in a principal component analysis. The four first PC scores explaining up to 77% of the data set were further calculated for each patients and used in a cluster analysis. A three clusters solution was retained. 3. DST escape and increased TSH response to TRH each identified subgroups of depressed patients. Conversely, blunted TSH response or REM latency were inefficient to classify patients. 4. Thus, HPA hyperactivity characterized CL-I patients (n = 29). These were more severely depressed, displayed more endogenous features and were reported as being more anxious. 5. Increased TSH response to TRH identified CL-III, exclusively composed of female patients (n = 10) that displayed more apparent sadness and tended to be older. 6. In CL-II, the usual sex-ratio for depressive illness was reversed and patients (n = 35) exhibited the least HPA axis disturbances and the same rate of blunted TSH response than in CL-I. They were also less severely depressed, displayed less endogenous characteristics and were rated as more mood reactive. 7. These results suggest heterogeneity in biological disturbances in depression and further stress the importance for controlling age, gender and severity of illness in studies investigating biological markers in depression.
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PMID:Biological markers as classifiers for depression: a multivariate study. 797 60

A sample of 97 males suffering from myocardial infarction was studied in order to determine the influence of psychological variables and emotional states on psychopathology displayed by patients in the course of their cardiological recovery. Discriminant analysis revealed that depression in the coronary unit and nonuse of problem-solving strategies were the most sensitive variables to correctly classify psychiatric and nonpsychiatric cases (76.6% of the total sample). Multiple regression analysis of the psychological variables and emotional states showed that severity of psychopathology was directly related to early depressive reaction and use of avoidant strategies. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 55.5%, with depression (RDC) being the most frequent diagnosis (59.4%), followed by 'irritable dysphoria' (27%) and anxiety disorders (RDC; 21.6%).
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PMID:Psychological factors and vulnerability to psychiatric morbidity after myocardial infarction. 806 56

The summaries of clinical data on children attending the Maudsley Hospital during the years 1968-72 were used to identify 80 children meeting operational criteria for depression, and 80 matched psychiatric control children. At follow-up, on average 18 years after the initial contact, information was obtained on the adult outcomes of 62 of the depressed children and 69 of the controls. At least one first-degree relative of 111 (85%) of these probands was interviewed; the great majority of interviews with relatives were conducted 'blind' to the proband's symptoms in both childhood and adulthood. The lifetime prevalence of RDC depression was significantly higher in the 128 interviewed relatives of the depressed children than in the 151 relatives of the controls. Higher rates of depression were found among the female relatives of both the depressed and control probands. These findings suggest that depression in young people resembles depression in adults in two key respects: it tends to run in families, and there are higher rates of depression among the female than among the male first-degree relatives.
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PMID:Child and adult depression: a test of continuities with data from a family study. 814 14

To isolate determinants of any female preponderance in depressive disorder, we earlier selected a sample of young adults, then similar in terms of several potential social determinants of depression and with equivalent rates of lifetime depression. We now report a 10-year review, which initially suggested a female preponderance in DIS-generated RDC and DSM-III lifetime depressive categories. The presence of sex differences in rates of lifetime depression was influenced by the definition of caseness used and the vantage point from which rates were determined. The longitudinal design and earlier corroborative witness reports established, however, clear evidence of instability in prevalence estimates, together with a sex effect on stability. Men were more likely to 'forget' episodes, while women were more likely to 'remember' episodes that had generally not previously reached 'case' criteria. When correction was made for such artefactual influences, a sex difference in lifetime depression rates was no longer evident. Such findings require review in general community samples, and suggest modifications to 'case' definition in epidemiological enquiries.
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PMID:Sex differences in lifetime depression rates: fact or artefact? 820

This study was aimed at determining risk factors associated to depression in pregnancy and/or the puerperium. By means of both observer-rated, and self-rated scales a 108-expectant mother sample was assessed by the co-investigators, interviewed by the principal investigator later on. The Psychiatric Assessment Schedule was used to obtain an RDC diagnosis. The same procedure was repeated 2 to 3 months after delivery. A greater exposure to life events, prior consultation for emotional problems as well as economic difficulties arising of late were all associated to depression in pregnancy and the puerperium. Getting separated from significant persons in a woman's life, and/or difficult relationships with either husband or mother have been strongly associated to depression at both periods. As regards puerperium depression, several associations directly related to childbirth (having had a low-weight baby) or the postnatal period (lactation problems) were detected. Anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy have been also clearly linked to postpartum depression. The predictive value of such risk factors is discussed. It is suggested that questions on these factors should be included into ordinary health assessments of both pregnant and puerperal women.
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PMID:[Depression in pregnancy and puerperium: study of risk factors]. 823 36

Authors, studying in patients with RDC-endogenous major depression and distinct quality of depressed mood, using a Factor Analysis and two Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis with data: 17 items of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, its total score, age, number of episode, presence/absence of life events, Newcastle Index, EPI-Extroversion and EPI-Neuroticism. In the sample two profiles are found, in agreement with topics for "neurotic" and "endogenous" depression. More "neurotic" subject suffering the first episode, and more "endogenous" the others. Authors believe confirmed their hypothesis: that classification show the same illness in two different evolutive moments.
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PMID:[Neurotic depression versus endogenous depression: are they part of the same disorder? (Controlled study)]. 833 16

In a longitudinal study, the prevalence of post partum depression was investigated in 293 women. They were assessed during gestation at 32 weeks, and consecutively after parturition with an interval of six weeks from four weeks until 34 weeks' post partum. The prevalence of post partum depression (RDC) varied between seven and 14%, with a peak at ten weeks' post partum. It was found that women were depressed significantly more often at ten weeks' post partum compared with pregnancy, the first post partum weeks and the later post partum period. This finding suggests that it is not directly after parturition that women are more prone to depression. The relationship between variables such as blues, parity, PMS and depression showed that at different assessments in the post partum period different women are depressed, women who do not necessarily share the same characteristics. This finding may explain why in some studies a relationship was found between certain kinds of variables and post partum depression while in others not. PMS was found to be significantly related to post partum depression only at the time of the women resumed menstruation. It is suggested that screening on post partum depression partly involves screening on depressive symptoms related to PMS.
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PMID:Prevalence of post partum depression--or is it post-puerperium depression? 839 65

The current study was conducted to examine if recurrent depression is associated with more severe disturbances of all-night EEG sleep profiles than single-episode depressions. Unmedicated sex- and age-matched groups of 22 single-episode (SE) and 44 recurrent unipolar (RU) outpatients with DSM-III-R/SADS/RDC major depression underwent 2 consecutive nights of EEG sleep recording. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and/or analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were performed on six sets of sleep measures. Recurrent unipolar depression was associated with significantly increased phasic REM sleep, as well as increased REM counts on the second night of study. Recurrent depression also was associated with significantly poorer sleep efficiency, although the groups did not show consistent differences in sleep architecture or slow-wave sleep. Our findings generally support the hypothesis that recurrent depression is associated with a more severe neurophysiologic substrate than phenotypically similar SE cases. Results are, for the most part, compatible with Post's (1992) model of illness progression, particularly with respect to greater disturbances of state-dependent sleep abnormalities in the RU cases. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the evolution of such changes prospectively.
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PMID:Electroencephalographic sleep profiles in single-episode and recurrent unipolar forms of major depression: I. Comparison during acute depressive states. 856 62

This paper reports the course with respect to remission and relapse of a cohort of predominantly in-patient RDC major depressive subjects, who were followed at 3-monthly intervals to remission and for up to 15 months thereafter. Remission was comparatively rapid with 70% of subjects remitting within 6 months. Only 6% failed to do so by 15 months. However, 40% relapsed over the subsequent 15 months, with all the relapses occurring in the first 10 months. Greater severity of the depression and longer duration of the illness predicted a longer time to remission. Greater initial severity of depression also predicted relapse. Subjects with a worse outcome had not received less adequate treatment than the remainder. Our results confirm the comparatively poor outcome subsequent to remission that has been reported in recent literature, in spite of the availability of modern methods of treatment. The clustering of relapses in the first 10 months gives some support to the distinction between relapse and later recurrence.
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PMID:Remission and relapse in major depression: a two-year prospective follow-up study. 863 46


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