Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-nine drug-free adult patients fitting RDC criteria for major depressive disorder endogenous subtype (EMDD), and 64 normal adult volunteers, were studied at pretreatment with at least one of three tests of cortisol secretion. The tests were: 1) Mean half-hourly cortisol concentrations from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. (1-4 PM CORT); 2) plasma cortisol response to 0.15 mg/kg of dextroamphetamine hydrochloride (DACT) in the afternoon; 3) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) using 1 or 2 mg. Thirty-six depressive and 27 volunteers underwent all three tests. Analysis of the data was performed for each test singly, for all pairs of tests and for all three tests in same subjects. Results show that the single most sensitive cortisol test for depressions is the DACT (72%), with a specificity of 88%. These tests may measure different underlying pathophysiologies associated with depression.
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PMID:Three tests of cortisol secretion in adult endogenous depressives. 396 37

Using multiple diagnostic and epidemiological criteria, three samples of general practice (GP) depressives were studied: those prescribed a new course of antidepressants, those given other treatment, and those missed by the GP. The majority of patients qualified as psychiatric cases on the PSE Index of Definition, the Bedford College Criteria, and the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Most satisfied diagnostic criteria for depression, or (fewer) anxiety. The disorders were relatively mild and often borderline on all three systems. Depressives given other treatment most often failed to meet diagnostic criteria. About half the antidepressant treated patients received RDC diagnoses of major depression. Among the other treatment sample, only one-fifth met these criteria, and half had non-depressive diagnoses. Most cases of depression treated by GPs satisfy criteria for psychiatric disorder, but tend to be relatively mild and borderline in quality.
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PMID:Depression in general practice: case thresholds and diagnosis. 404 86

The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Bech Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are analyzed according to mean discriminatory power, internal consistency, homogeneity and transferability. The analysis was done separately in different samples of patients with depressive syndromes: a) operationally defined depressive syndrome; b) Major Depressive Disorder (RDC); c) Major Depressive Disorder, endogenous type (RDC). BRMS and MADRS were superior to HAMD in all evaluated aspects. Further, the BRMS was superior to MADRS according to the criteria of homogeneity and transferability.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of observer depression scales. 407 21

A structured interview designed to detect affective disorders according to operational diagnostic criteria was administered to a representative sample of 639 people living in Florence. The 1 year prevalence percent was 1.7 for bipolar disorder, 0.31 for atypical bipolar disorder, 5.2 for major depression, 1.4 for cyclothymic disorder, 2.3 for dysthymic disorder (all diagnosed according to DSM III criteria) and 4.5 for minor depression (RDC criteria). The corresponding figures relative to the point prevalence were: 0.6, 0.16, 3.8, 0.47, 1.2, 0.31. The use of care services on the part of affective cases (none, GP, public psychiatric facilities, private psychiatrist, hospital) was also recorded.
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PMID:Epidemiology of affective disorders in Florence. Preliminary results. 407 34

Of 127 relatives of 12 anxious and 11 depressed children, 72% received Family History RDC diagnoses, most commonly depression and alcoholism. The family histories of the two groups were similar, suggesting that childhood depressive and anxiety disorders may be familially related.
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PMID:Family histories of depressed and severely anxious children. 407 21

Case histories were reviewed of 25 patients with RDC diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who developed a clinical syndrome of depression subsequent to the resolution of their psychotic episodes. Of these patients, 14 were then treated with imipramine and 11 with amitriptyline in addition to their neuroleptic drugs. As a group, the patients did well--48% had a remission of depressive symptoms and an additional 32% improved. Psychotic exacerbation was noted in only one patient. Imipramine seemed more beneficial than amitriptyline in these patients.
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PMID:Response of postpsychotic depression to adjunctive imipramine or amitriptyline. 613 Oct 64

The possible predictive value of cortisol non-suppression by dexamethasone for therapeutic response to antidepressants was investigated both in "endogenous" and "neurotic" depression. Seventy-four female patients who fulfilled the RDC of Major Depressive Disorder (Study 1) and 44 female patients with the diagnosis of "Neurotic Depression" of ICD-9 (Study 2) were given DST and then treated with antidepressants, their clinical response being assessed after four weeks of drug treatment. Forty-three out of the 74 patients with Primary Major Depression were non-suppressor. The DST non-suppressors showed a significantly more frequent therapeutic response to maprotiline than to amitriptyline. DST suppressors, on the other hand, responded better to amitriptyline treatment than non-suppressors. In the neurotic depression group 23 patients were subclassified as Primary Minor Depression, and 52% of them showed non-suppressor response to DST. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed as Secondary Depression, with a history of chronic neurosis. One patient only (5%) was the non-suppressor. Patients with Primary Minor Depression showed good therapeutic response to antidepressants more frequently, than patients with Secondary Depression.
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PMID:Dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of drug treatment response. 615 43

The complaints of depressed patients were investigated in a private, single-physician family practice clinic. Complaints and visits of depressives were compared to those of age- and sex-matched non-depressed controls over a period of 3 years beginning 18 months prior to the diagnosis of depression. Pain, functional and anxiety complaints signalled the onset and paralleled the course of depression. Somatic complaints were a conspicuous mode of presentation in this family practice. These somatic features are not among the usual diagnostic and research criteria for depression (DSM-III, Feighner Criteria and RDC) although they appear to be a major feature in the natural history of depression.
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PMID:Somatic symptoms. A major feature of depression in a family practice. 622 32

The current study examined the validity of a subscale for endogenomorphic depression derived from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. In a sample of 147 women outpatients with primary depression, subscale (HES) scores were bimodally distributed around the mean score of 7.38. High-HES patients had significantly elevated scores on measures of depressive symptomatology, generalized symptomatic distress, and social impairment relative to low-HES patients. Classifications based on HES scores significantly predicted RDC and DSM-III subtype diagnoses of endogenous and nonendogenous depression. Diagnostic predictions based on the subscale's items were superior to predictions made using the 'non-endogenomorphic' Hamilton items. Potential applications for research are discussed.
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PMID:Validation of a Hamilton subscale for endogenomorphic depression. 622 38

EEG sleep and clinical characteristics of 111 depressed inpatients with primary unipolar depression were examined in relation to several proposed definitions of endogenous depression (RDC criteria; DSM-III melancholia; and Nelson-Charney criteria). While each of these clinical schema demonstrated specific relationships to the EEG sleep findings in the overall group, the group with DSM-III melancholia showed definite REM sleep abnormalities, especially with REM activity and distribution. Further studies with sleep, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical measures are indicated in order to confirm the biologic 'substrate' of melancholia or vital depression.
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PMID:The relationship of EEG sleep to vital depression. 624 Dec 8


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