Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Depression in old age is underdiagnosed. In order to help detection, Yesavage et al. (1983) developed the Geriatric Depression Scale in a 30 items original version, with good reliability and validity. To abbreviate duration of examination, a shortened 15 items version was proposed (Sheikh et al., 1986) and a 4 items GDS for primary care attenders was also developed (D'Ath et al., 1994) with satisfactory metrological characteristics. The aim of this study is to develop a short French version and to contribute to its validation. French elderly depressives (181) and controls (66) were asked to complete the 30 items GDS (french version) and an other french self-rating scale, the QD2A (Pichot, 1986). In an attempt to devise the short scale, data were subjected to logistic regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, item-total Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and finally to mean choice ranks combination method. The generated 4 items version (mini-GDS) was found to be highly correlated with GDS 30 (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001) and with QD2A (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001) and had a high level of internal consistency (KR20 = 0.66). The sensitivity and specificity of the GDS 4 were 69% and 80% (cut-off 0/1) and against QD2A were 75% and 75% (cut-off 0/1). Out of the four items, two were common with the D'Ath's 4 items version. Method with its different statistical developments was discussed and the 4 selected items of the mini-GDS were compared with data from several authors who evaluated, discussed or examined factor structures of the 30 items GDS. Conclusion is that mini-GDS is reliable to easily detect a depressive symptomatology in the elderly, in different circumstances.
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PMID:[Development and contribution to the validation of a brief French version of the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale]. 926 35

The prevalence of depression in elderly people varies strongly with the diagnostic criteria and methodology used, but it is often reported 12-15%. During a period of 3 months 1189 patients at two primary care centres were asked to participate in a study there a Swedish version of the Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-20, were used. One-thousand and two patients were rated, and further analysis showed that 12.9% suffered from affective disorders. Depression in elderly is underdiagnosed in primary care centres. A screening instrument such as the GDS-20 is of value in identifying patients with depression. The 10 doctors who participated in the study found the GDS-20 easy to handle and it is recommended to be used at every primary care centre.
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PMID:Simple steps to diagnosis at primary care centres. 981 18

This study has attempted to validate the Geriatric Depression Scale translated version (Chinese) with a psychiatric outpatient sample (N = 461) of males and females aged 60 or above, from 10 government-maintained psychiatric outpatient clinics between January 1992 and February 1993. Reliabilities and validities were exceptional. Internal consistency reliability was .89 (alpha), and the test-retest reliability was .85 (alpha). Criterion-related (psychiatrist diagnosis) validity was good at .95, and concurrent validity (with CES-D) was .96. Item analysis also confirmed consistency--all 30 items were significantly correlated with the full GDS. However, its sensitivity (70.6%), specificity (70.1%), false negatives (29.4%), and false positives (29.9%), though acceptable, were not as impressive. The overall result has shown that the GDS is generally applicable to the Chinese elderly population and is good for measuring depressive symptoms. The scale can be easily applied in the community by health care professionals. However, further follow-up studies are recommended.
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PMID:Clinical validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Chinese version. 1016 May 60

Staff at two day care centers for the frail and/or impaired elderly rated participants (N = 33) for mental status, hypochondriasis and depression. The ratings were correlated with the MSQ, HSIG and GDS. The results indicated a significant correlation (P less than .001) between staff ratings and the MSQ. The correlations between other staff ratings and the respective tests were quite low. It was concluded that staff ratings for depression and hypochondriasis were not valid or reliable unless the staff member had done a structured intake.
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PMID:Staff ratings of elderly at day care centers: mental status, hypochondriasis, depression. 1026 81

From April 1996 to January 1997, a total of 76 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and their caregivers were recruited for participation in a comprehensive assessment at the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, a 2,198-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. The AD patients responded to the Chinese version of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. Primary caregivers rated the patients using the Symptom Check List-90 (SLC-90) and the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist and then rated themselves with the caregiving burden scale (CBS), coping strategies scale and the short version of the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS-S). The internal consistency of the CBS, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.849. The correlations between the CBS, SCL-90 and GDS-S ranged from 0.435 to 0.698. The CBS scores increased with disease progression and were higher among spouse caregivers than adult children caregivers. Multiple-regression analysis revealed that caregivers with higher CBS scores were more likely to have lower education levels and to use the meaning subscales of coping strategies, and that these caregivers' patients had greater disruptive behavior and were older (R2 = 0.727, p = 0. 001). The current study establishes the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CBS for assessment of Chinese caregivers of AD patients.
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PMID:The caregiving burden scale among Chinese caregivers of Alzheimer patients. 1032 45

From April 1996 to January 1997, 74 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and their caregivers were recruited for participation in a comprehensive assessment at the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, a 2,198-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Diagnosis of AD was made according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-R (DSM-III-R). All AD patients were tested with the Chinese version of Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Their primary caregivers rated the patients using the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC), the short version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-S), and obtained information about coping strategies using the Carer's Stress scale. The three subscale scores for memory-related problems, depression, and disruptive behavior were obtained from the RMBPC. Scores for three subscales for management of situations, meaning, and distress were obtained from the coping strategies' assessment. Depression was defined as a GDS-S score > or = 5. Among the 74 AD patients, 38 were men and 36 women. Their ages ranged from 47 to 90 years, with a mean age of 72.2 years (SD, 9.0). The CASI scores ranged from 1 to 88 (mean, 45.2; SD, 22.9). Thirty-three caregivers were men and 41 were women. Their age ranged from 20 to 85 years, with a mean age of 53.5 years (SD, 16.9). Twenty-six of the 74 caregivers (35.1%) were classified as depressed. The GDS-S scores of caregivers were correlated positively with the frequency of the use of a management of distress coping strategy and the frequency of the patients' disruptive behavior and were correlated negatively with the educational years of the caregivers.
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PMID:Predictors of depression among Chinese family caregivers of Alzheimer patients. 1048 77

The comorbidity of headache and depression is rarely studied in the elderly. Confounders were seldom controlled in previous studies. From August 1993 to March 1994, we conducted a door-to-door survey to investigate the relationship of headache and depression in a Chinese elderly population (age > or = 65 years old) in two townships of Kinmen, Taiwan. A total of 1421 participants (71%) out of 2003 eligible citizens completed five measurements: a structured headache interview, Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-S), a survey of chronic medical illness. Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument and an evaluation of activities of daily living. Headache diagnoses were made according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), 1988. Depression was defined as a GDS-S score > or = 8. After adjustment for confounding, subjects with more frequent headaches, more severe headaches, diagnoses of IHS migraine or chronic tension-type headaches in the past year, or a lifetime history of any headache including migraine were more likely to be depressed. In addition, the most relevant headache-related predictors of depression were the presence of any reported lifetime headache (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, P < 0.01) and headache frequency > or = 7 days/month in the past year (OR = 2.0, P = 0.01). This study provided evidence that headache is independently associated with depression in the elderly. A high comorbidity of depression was found in the elderly with IHS migraine or chronic tension-type headaches. Not only the headache profile in the past year but also that in their lifetime was important in predicting current depression in the elderly. 1
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PMID:Comorbidity of headaches and depression in the elderly. 1048 74

The Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) is a short, 15-item instrument specifically designed to assess depression in geriatric populations. Its items require a yes/no response. The Geriatric Depression Scale was first introduced by Yesavage et al. in 1983, and the short form (GDS-15) was developed by Sheikh and Yesavage in 1986. The aim of the current study was the standardization of the GDS-15 for use in Greece. Subjects were divided into Group A: 168 control subjects, and Group B: 103 patients suffering from clinically diagnosed depression. All were over 65 years of age. A score of 6/7 on the GDS-15 was found to be the best cut-off point for diagnosing depression in an elderly Greek population, with Sensitivity = 92.23 and Specificity = 95.24. GDS-15 manifests high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha = 0.94, and all items seem to be equivalent. Factor Analysis of the GDS-15 revealed 4 factors: a cognitive (thought content), an affective, a functional, and a factor that reflects helplessness and fear for the future. The two diagnostic groups differed on all 4 factors scores at p-value <0.001.
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PMID:The validation of the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in Greece. 1073 51

In addition to cognitive performance tests, the assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) is becoming increasingly important in diagnosing and following up dementia. Therefore, we compared results obtained from ADL informant and self reports and from the SKT short test for assessing deficits of memory and attention. Data were available from a total of 193 elderly subjects in different stages of cognitive decline (GDS stages 1-5). First, we determined for each GDS group separately the numbers of subjects assessed as being impaired by each of the three methods alone as well as in combination. Furthermore, the contribution of the two ADL measures, the SKT total score, age, depression and education in the prediction of the global severity assessment according to GDS was evaluated. Finally, the influence of the latter three variables on the ADL and SKT results was estimated by existing correlations. In GDS stage 2, ADL self rating was the only approach revealing impairment with a majority of patients. The number of patients assessed as being impaired by ADL informant ratings and the SKT only increased after GDS stage 2. Analyses of patterns of impairment showed that 66% of subjects in GDS stage 1 were rated as unimpaired by each of the three methods. Of patients classified as GDS 4 and 5, 85% and 92% respectively were unanimously rated as impaired. In GDS stages 2 and 3 a great heterogeneity of patterns was found. In a logistic regression model predicting clinically manifest dementia symptomatology (GDS 4 + 5 vs GDS 1 + 2 + 3) the SKT and ADL informant ratings were included. In a second model predicting membership in a group without cognitive impairment (GDS 1 + 2) or in a group suffering from mild cognitive impairment (GDS 3) self-rated ADL and age were additionally entered. Especially for an early diagnosis of dementia, on the basis of the study results the usage of different assessment methods (ADL informant rating, ADL self rating, psychometric test) is suggested.
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PMID:[Loss of activities of daily living function (ADL) and cognitive impairment in various stages of dementia. A comparison of ADL informant ratings, ADL self ratings and psychometric test results]. 1092 51

The objective was to develop a new short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-12R) suitable for older people living in nursing and residential care settings, including those persons with significant cognitive impairment. A total of 308 newly admitted residents of 30 nursing and residential homes in northwest England were interviewed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Affect Balance Scale (ABS). A 12-item version of the GDS was shown to have greater internal reliability than the 15-item version, because of the context-dependent nature of the deleted items. There was close agreement between the GDS-12R items and another indicator of depressed mood (a single item from the ABS). Furthermore, moderate to high levels of cognitive impairment did not affect the performance of the new version of the scale. The GDS-12R provides researchers and clinicians with a brief, easy-to-administer depression scale that is relevant to residential and nursing home populations.
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PMID:A new version of the geriatric depression scale for nursing and residential home populations: the geriatric depression scale (residential) (GDS-12R). 1093 38


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