Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anesthesia, during suspension laryngoscopy should permit the ENT surgeon to work in a field without the hindrance of an intra-tracheal tube, and with a calm larynx. After rapid review of anesthesias of brief duration, which are eliminated, several techniques of anesthesia of variable duration are discussed. Neuroleptanalgesia is nevertheless exclused owing to the environmental conditions necessary for its use. Gamma OH was reserved for patients in poor general health, and gave satisfaction. Alfatisine was used here and procured anesthesia of good quality, with minimal respiratory depression, provided a precise protocol is respected, but one cannot hope for success of suspension laryngoscopy without local anesthesia in addition.
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PMID:[Choice of anesthesia technic for suspension larygoscopy]. 1 94

Chondrodermatitis helicis, or painful nodule of the ear, is an uncommon benign aural lesion which is seen and treated by dermatologists and otolaryngologists. Because of the sparcity of reports in the recent literature, our experience with 50 patients over a 10-year period is presented. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and biopsy need be performed only to confirm the diagnosis in atypical cases. Patients are generally middle-aged or elderly males. There are no associated systemic disorders with this condition. The lesions are discrete, grey to red in color, oval shaped with raised rolled edges, and a central ulcer or depression which often contains a crust or scale. The lesion is typically painful and tender and, for this reason, the patient seeks help shortly after the onset of symptoms. The characteristic histopathologic features are epithelial hyperplasia, collagen degeneration, focal fibrinoid necrosis, and inflammatory components. Clinically, the lesion is misdiagnosed in the majority of instances and is presumably, therefore, treated inappropriately. It should be stressed that this is a benign condition and initial management should be aimed at conservative therapy with local steroid injection or conservative non-deforming surgery. Wide excision, including removal of the underlying cartilage with appropriate reconstrictive closure should be reserved for the conservative treatment failures.
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PMID:Chondrodermatitis helicis: a clinical re-evaluation and pathological review. 95 52

Centrally acting appetite suppressant drugs used in the treatment of obesity fall into 2 broad pharmacological categories; those which act via brain catecholamine pathways and those which act via serotonin pathways. Of the former group, amphetamine and phenmetrazine are no longer recommended because of their stimulant properties and addictive potential. The remaining drugs in this class include amfepramone (diethylpropion), phentermine, mazindol and phenylpropanolamine. All have been shown to reduce appetite and lower food intake, thereby helping obese patients more easily keep to a low-calorie diet and lose weight. They all have some sympathomimetic and stimulant properties. Anorectic drugs which promote serotonin neurotransmission have no such stimulant or sympathomimetic properties. They are fenfluramine, together with its recently introduced dextrorotatory stereoisomer dexfenfluramine, and fluoxetine. They reduce appetite and food intake and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Anorectic drugs should be reserved for those who are clinically at risk from being overweight, and then only as part of a comprehensive weight-reducing programme including regular dietary counselling. Although current licensing regulations only allow their use over a relatively short period (12 to 16 weeks), clinical trials have shown them to be effective over longer periods, particularly in preventing weight regain. Of the compounds currently indicated for use in obesity, dexfenfluramine appears to have the most suitable pharmacological profile, although it should not be given to patients with a history of depression. When used appropriately, appetite suppressants can be of real therapeutic benefit, and pose little risk.
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PMID:Appetite suppressants. A review. 137 55

Arm exercise test (AET) is described as an alternative to the classical leg exercise test (LET). The value of these two types of exercise was studied in a group of 32 patients aged 34 to 65 years. The patients performed LET for several reasons and, after 24 hrs, AET under the same conditions. The effort level reached under LET was always greater than that achieved under AET and the calculated functional aerobic impairment (FAI) was 50% greater during AET thus supporting the idea that AET cannot be used instead of LET in determining the functional capacity (NYHA) of cardiac patients. However, AET remains useful for the determination of the occupational working capacity in certain occupational categories. The double product (DP) (or index tension time (ITT) calculated after AET represented 85% of the calculated value after LET. The results proved that MVO2 is similar for both LET and AET, but in the latter at lower levels of exercise (VO2). The LET-DP was greater than the AET-DP in 66.5% of our cases, thus suggesting that AET should be reserved for situations in which LET cannot be performed. This is also supported by the presence of ST depression during AET in only 66% of the 18 subjects with ST depression during LET and in five of the six patients without ST depression, DP-AET was lower than DP-LET.
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PMID:Comparative value of arm and leg exercise testing. 149 68

Prompt recognition of suicidal intent can prevent suicide in the elderly. Some psychiatric disorders, such as depression, psychoses and organic brain syndromes, can predispose these persons to suicide, as can medical disorders that result in pain, disability or dysfunction. Other factors that increase the risk for suicide include chemical dependency and changing life events. Anti-depressant medications with a low anticholinergic and sedative profile are preferred because of age-related physiologic changes. Electroconvulsive therapy is reserved for serious cases.
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PMID:Preventing suicide in older people. 155 46

The observed response of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) therapy in advanced neuroblastoma after conventional therapy had failed, the noninvasiveness of the procedure, and the high metabolic activity of untreated tumors led to a new protocol to use 131I-MIBG therapy in newly diagnosed patients instead of combination chemotherapy prior to surgery. The objectives of this study are to improve the overall outcome of patients with neuroblastoma by introducing 131I-MIBG therapy as the first therapy in the treatment schedule, in order to reduce the tumor volume, enabling adequate surgical resection and avoiding toxicity and the induction of early drug resistance. The advantages of this approach are that the child's general condition is unaffected before surgical resection is performed and that chemotherapy is reserved to treat minimal residual disease. So far, 13 patients with inoperable neuroblastoma (stage III and IV) were treated with 131I-MIBG initially and then submitted to surgery. More than 50% decrease of the volume of the primary tumor was noted in 7 of 10 evaluable patients; 8 patients have so far been operated with complete resection in 2, greater than 95% resection in 5 and 80% resection in one patient. Three patients are still undergoing 131I-MIBG treatment. The toxicity of 131I-MIBG de novo is in contrast with the previous experience of 131I-MIBG therapy after conventional therapy: only 4 patients had thrombocytopenia and only 1 of 7 patients with bone marrow involvement developed bone marrow depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preoperative [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of neuroblastoma at diagnosis ("MIBG de novo"). 182 28

Two samples of first year medical students were studied, one in Houston, Texas, the other in Edinburgh, Scotland. Personality, measured on entry, and social support, measured prior to first year examinations, were used to predict scores at the latter time on anxiety self-ratings, depression self-ratings and the General Health Questionnaire. At both centres social support was implicated in symptomatology, but many significant effects were centre specific. Presence of a local friend in whom to confide, was important in Houston, while support from a relative and superficial support from classmates were salient in Edinburgh. In general, presence of support was associated with lower symptoms, but there were important exceptions similar in both centres. Students who did not have a boy/girl friend during the study period were less anxious than the rest. Regarding personality, students high on suspiciousness were more anxious and depressed when they had high levels of support. Among reserved (aloof and introspective) students both gain and loss of a boy/girl friend during the year were strongly associated with depressed mood. It is concluded that, particularly for students high in suspiciousness, reserve and shyness, the costs of social relationships sometimes outweigh the benefits.
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PMID:Social support and its interactions with personality and childhood background as predictors of psychiatric symptoms in Scottish and American medical students. 194 98

The etiopathogenesis of ulcer disease is comprehensive and many experimental and clinical data failed to prove the primary cause of the disease. Although much has been learned concerning the pathophysiological mechanism which appear important in the development of ulcer disease, our present knowledge of the etiology of this disease is incomplete. Depression of the gastric acid secretion still remains the main treatment approach, although the cytoprotective drugs are interesting therapeutic challenge. Etiology of the peptic ulcer disease is not solved yet, but the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa are much more clear what will lead to better understanding of the defense mechanisms in the gastric cancer. Omeprazole is an interesting new drug healing peptic ulcer in almost 100% of the patients. A philosophic question may be asked: "Do we need to know the etiology of the disease in order to be able to treat it properly?" Omeprazole heals the ulcer and, in fact, we do not know its etiology. In the cost-benefit ratio, the most widely used drugs are still H2-receptor antagonists and sucralfate, and omeprazole is reserved for the patients with resistant ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and severe reflux esophagitis.
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PMID:[New findings in the etiopathogenesis of ulcers and reevaluation of therapy]. 196 Oct 77

Plasma inhibitory factors, high levels of sex hormones, and depression of cell-mediated immunity may interfere with the natural host resistance to viral infections during pregnancy. It is apparent that hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes in pregnancy may account for increased replication of herpes and for enhanced growth of condylomatous lesions. The challenge is to develop a rational plan of management for pregnant patients with herpes simplex or human papilloma virus infection. There has been a reevaluation of previous recommendations for the management of herpes in pregnancy. Although the consequences of neonatal infection are severe or fatal, the value of routine weekly screening is questionable. This regimen is a poor predictor of neonatal exposure to herpes since only one fourth of women shedding virus at the time of delivery can be identified by routine cultures. The mode of delivery should therefore be based on the presence or absence of lesions at the time of confinement. Cesarean section should be reserved for patients with lesions or with prodromal symptoms of recurrent disease at the time of delivery. Patients with ruptured membranes and active genital lesions should also be delivered by cesarean section. The spectrum of HPV-related diseases in pregnancy is poorly understood. Many questions remain unanswered. It may not be practical to treat very large or extensive genital warts during pregnancy. A cesarean section may be the best choice in these cases. It may be premature to recommend cesarean section for delivery of all pregnant women with symptomatic genital HPV infection. More data are needed. We recommend laser ablation of condylomatous lesions when discovered during pregnancy. Laser vaporization is associated with minimal morbidity when used by experienced surgeons. Trichloroacetic acid is excellent for minimal disease or for treatment of recurrences in pregnancy. Since the immune system seems to play an important role in control of viral disease, we advise pregnant patients to adopt a lifestyle which promotes health. We advise a balanced diet, an appropriate exercise program, and an environment free of unnecessary stress. We suggest avoidance of cigarettes, drugs, and alcohol.
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PMID:Herpes simplex and human papillomavirus genital infections: controversy over obstetric management. 196 24

Neonatal skull depressions may occur from traumatic delivery or abnormal intrauterine position. Surgery has been recommended when the condition is thought to threaten neurologic development; however, normal neurologic outcomes have been observed in conservatively managed infants. A review of four patients with neonatal skull depression is presented together with the obstetric history and findings from nursery examinations, skull roentgenograms, electroencephalograms, and follow-up pediatric visits. Two patients underwent surgical elevation of the depression, while two children with depressions of similar severity were managed without intervention. Neurologic and cosmetic outcomes have been normal in all four patients. It is suggested that uncomplicated depressions should be treated conservatively, with surgical elevation reserved for neonates with intracranial complications.
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PMID:Neonatal skull depression: review of four cases. 259 16


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