Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using histochemical techniques, the reactivities of selected enzymes and other metabolic components were examined in the myocardium, coronary arteries, and coronary arterioles of normal, two-week-sympathectomized, and sham-operated canine hearts. There were no differences in the histochemistry of coronary arteries in any of the hearts, but important differences were noted in the myocardium and especially in the arterioles. The reactivities of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the nucleic acids were increased in arterioles of the sympathectomized heart, possibly indicating an increased protein synthesis. The reactivities of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase were reduced in myocardium and arterioles of sympathectomized hearts as well as in arterioles of sham-operated hearts; the changes were greater in the sympathectomized arterioles where there was also observed an increase in reactivity of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings suggest a depression in aerobic metabolic capacity and, in the case of the sympathectomized arteriole, imply a possible shift in adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
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PMID:The myocardium and its vasculature: a histochemical comparison of the normal and chronically sympathectomized dog heart. 615 74

The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), all trans-retinoic acid (RA), 5-azacytidine (5-AC), and phenobarbital (PB) on the activities of seven enzymes and/or isozymes of a diploid rat liver epithelial cell line have been studied. At 0.1 microgram/ml, TPA depressed the specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, whereas 2 mM PB depressed gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. At 0.01 microgram/ml, RA markedly depressed the activity of NADH-diaphorase and lactate dehydrogenase but enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Only 2 microM 5-AC caused the most significant shift of lactate dehydrogenase isozyme toward the "muscle"-type isozyme. Histochemical studies revealed that PB and 5-AC induced focal areas of cells with glycogen deposits, but no significant changes in either ultrastructure or alpha-fetoprotein and albumin immunohistochemical staining pattern were observed to suggest hepatocytic differentiation. Although none of the enzymatic changes could be consistently correlated with the effects of these biological modifiers on the cellular growth rate, the effect of RA on NADH-diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities was the opposite of the changes observed during carcinogenesis of these rat liver epithelial cells by multiple treatments with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The depression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity by PB is contradictory to that observed histochemically in hepatocytes in vivo, but such discrepancy may be related to the differences in cell type, growth conditions, or duration of exposure.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, retinoic acid, phenobarbital, and 5-azacytidine on a normal rat liver epithelial cell line. 620 84

The activity of some dehydrogenases and hydrolases was studied by cytochemical methods in the peripheral blood neutrophils of germ-free guinea pigs infected with adenoviruses. The gnotobiotic animals were obtained by hysterotomy in an operation isolation room after which they were transferred into manipulation isolation room and infected with human adenovirus type 1. A depression of enzymes of alpha-glycerophosphate shunt and NADP-H2-diaphorase in neutrophils two days after infection and activation of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase at 4 days were demonstrated. The pattern of changes in the enzymatic status of intact and infected gnotobiotic animals allowed a diagnosis of adenovirus infection in most cases.
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PMID:[Cytochemical study of granulocyte enzymes in germ-free animals with adenovirus infections]. 626 24

Infectious bursal disease in 35-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens was characterized clinically by its acute onset and brief duration. Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and polyuria. A detectable precipitin antibody response occurred between 3 and 5 days postinoculation. Evaluation of pooled serum samples obtained from infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected chickens revealed transient changes in potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamic-oxalic transaminase, and serum proteins. Individual serum samples analyzed for uric acid concentration indicated that several IBDV-infected chickens had serum uric acid concentrations above the normal comparison range. Histopathologic examination of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues from IBDV-infected SPF chickens affirmed that the predominant lesion was lymphoid necrosis in the bursa of Fabricius. Other lymphoid organs were much less severely affected and possessed greater regenerative potential. Nonspecific and relatively mild changes were found in the liver and kidney: hepatic lipidosis and necrosis, renal intratubular crystalline deposits (probably urates), and increased ectopic lymphoid foci. There was no evidence of immune-complex-mediated arteritis/vasculitis in the sartorius muscle or any other tissue examined. Histopathologic and ultrastructural evidence of glomerulonephritis was rare but compatible with acute immune complexemia.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease: serologic, histopathologic, and clinical chemical observations. 631 94

The direct myocardial protection afforded by three structurally distinct calcium antagonists (0.1 micron nifedipine, 0.1 micron verapamil and 0.4 micron diltiazem), and a calmodulin antagonist (20 micron W-7) was assessed in isolated working rat hearts subjected to 30 min global ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. At these concentrations, no drug-induced cardiac depression nor coronary vasodilatation was observed prior to ischaemia. All four agents improved recovery of cardiac function (assessed as total cardiac output) on reperfusion (by 49%, 29%, 64% and 72% respectively, compared to controls), attenuated the release of lactate dehydrogenase (by 52%, 55%, 65% and 66% respectively) and inhibited intracellular 45Ca accumulation (by 42%, 35%, 49% and 45% respectively). Despite the increased tissue calcium and enzyme leakage in reperfused hearts, the [3H]inulin-impermeable space was not decreased, suggesting specific changes in membrane permeability rather than partial sarcolemmal rupture. Drug treatment did not alter the rate nor extent of high-energy phosphate depletion during ischaemia, thus eliminating ATP preservation and negative inotropy as mechanisms for the protective effects observed in this system. Improved restoration of coronary flow was obtained in treated hearts but we believe this was more likely to be a consequence of myocardial protection rather than direct coronary vasodilatation. Thus, the beneficial effects observed probably resulted from direct preservation of cellular viability. When given only during the reperfusion phase, nifedipine and W-7 were almost as effective as when given before ischaemia, whereas verapamil and diltiazem were inactive. This highlights differences between the various structural subclasses of calcium antagonists. Furthermore, the efficacy of the calmodulin antagonist, W-7, in this system suggests a possible key role for calmodulin-activated enzymes in the progression of reperfusion damage.
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PMID:Prevention of reperfusion damage in working rat hearts by calcium antagonists and calmodulin antagonists. 673 83

The effects of chronic dietary exposure to technical pentachlorophenol (PCP-T) on humoral immune responses in mice were examined. Primary and secondary splenic antibody responses to the T-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were examined in Swiss-Webster mice using our recently developed screening technique, the Hemolytic Antibody Isotope Release (HAIR) assay. To assess direct effects of PCP-T on B cells, the splenic plaque-forming cell response and serum antibody titers to the T-independent antigen, dinitrophenyl (DNP)-Ficoll, were examined. PCP-T exposure altered both the kinetics and the magnitude of the humoral antibody responses to SRBC and DNP-Ficoll. Peak splenic antibody production and serum antibody titers were delayed and the magnitude of the antibody responses were dose-dependently suppressed by PCP-T exposure. IgM responses appeared to be more sensitive to PCP-T-induced suppression than the IgG response. Significant depression of the IgM anti-SRBC splenic HAIR response was apparent as early as 2 weeks after initiation of PCP-T exposure and persisted for at least 8 weeks after termination of PCP-T feeding. Liver weight and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly elevated during PCP-T exposure and returned to control levels after a 4-6 week recovery period. The immunotoxic effect of PCP on humoral immunity was observed only in animals exposed to technical grade PCP known to be contaminated with significant levels of other chlorinated phenols as well as non-phenolic impurities including chlorinated dioxins, furans, and diphenyl ethers. Animals exposed to analytical grade PCP did not exhibit depressed humoral immunity.
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PMID:Immunotoxicity of technical pentachlorophenol (PCP-T): depressed humoral immune responses to T-dependent and T-independent antigen stimulation in PCP-T exposed mice. 676 29

Pulps from rat incisor have been dissected out and the respiratory activity in the tissues has been measured in a Gilson respirometer (modified Warburg technique). Local anesthetics lidocain (xylocain) and prilocain (citanest) in concentrations 2.5%, 5%, and 10% have been added to the medium. Effects on the membrane permeability i.e. on the potassium-sodium pump has been studied using incubation at 37 degrees C in 24NaCl. The influx of 24Na has been registered in a scintillation counter. The anaerobic respiratory activity has been studied determining lactate dehydrogenase activity with a spectrophotometric technique. The results show that the concentrations of local anesthetics in the medium of 5% and 10% caused a significantly lower respiratory activity of the cells in the dental pulp. This was not the case in the concentration 2.5%. The isotope studies show a decreased uptake in all concentrations indicating a depression of the potassium-sodium pump activity. The lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in all concentrations of local anesthetics.
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PMID:Effects of local anesthetics on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of the dental pulp. 693 6

The effect of 19 antimicrobial agents on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated by chemiluminescence assays, yeast phagocytosis and killing, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Tetracycline and trimethoprim inhibited chemiluminescence and reduced killing at therapeutic concentrations of 2 microgram/ml. Cephalothin inhibited yeast killing at a concentration of 20 microgram/ml, but a significant depression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence was encountered only at higher levels of 200 microgram/ml. The inhibition shown by these drugs was reversible. None of the other antimicrobial agents tested demonstrated inhibition of chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, or killing at usual clinical serum levels. No antimicrobial agent tested caused release of lactate dehydrogenase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results suggest that therapeutic concentrations of tetracycline, trimethoprim, and cephalothin may inhibit optimal polymorphonuclear leukocyte microbicidal function.
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PMID:Effect of antimicrobial agents on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte microbicidal function. 702 50

True reference values (TRV) should ultimately be determined in blood from inactive, unstimulated rats but in practice, acceptable reference values (ARV) may be established using blood from decapitated or anesthetized animals if one is cognizant of variations associated with blood sampling procedures. Data reported here illustrate some variations in serum biochemical values following decapitation or anesthesia. Decapitation does not provide serum in which ARV for sodium, potassium or lactate dehydrogenase can be found but ARV can be determined for glucose, insulin and several other parameters. It is suggested that both TRV and ARV for serum electrolytes be determined using serum from cannulated rats. All three anesthetics raised glucose levels and ether and halothane increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Both halothane and Innovar-VetR decreased insulin:glucose ratios suggesting inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas. Innovar-VetR also produced hypoxia due to severe respiratory depression and bradycardia as well as hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and hyperphosphatemia. Techniques most likely to provide ARV should be of the shortest possible duration, afford least respiratory and cardiovascular suppression and minimize stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
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PMID:Variation of rat serum biochemical values following decapitation or anesthesia with ether, halothane or Innovar-VetR: rapid Innovar-VetR-induced hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia. 704 81

Furazolidone (FZ) at a dose of 700 ppm was fed to turkey poults beginning at 2 weeks of age. In trial 1, plasma collected by venipuncture was assayed for glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein at 19, 23, 26, and 30 days of age. Significant (P less than or equal to .05) differences were noted only in levels of plasma LDH, which were elevated in FZ-fed poults at all stages studied. In Trial 2, plasma collected by venipuncture was assayed for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), GOT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and LDH daily from 15 through 19 days of age and for protein at 19 days of age. Significant elevations (P less than or equal to .05) were noted in levels of plasma a) CPK at 15 days, b) GOT at 18 days, and c) LDH at 17 and 19 days. A significant (P less than or equal to .01) depression in plasma protein was observed at 19 days. Plasma GPT was either absent or present in very low concentrations. These data suggest that FZ exerts its primary effect on the myocardium. THe initial myocardial changes occur prior to their detection by known electrocardiographic (ECG) technics.
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PMID:Effect of furazolidone on plasma enzyme and protein levels in turkey poults. 732 76


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