Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities were studied in five kinds of enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase - AST, alanine aminotransferase - ALT, lactate dehydrogenase - LD, the thermally stable fraction of lactate dehydrogenase - LD-1, and alkaline phosphatase - ALP) of 30 male dogs. The dogs, divided into two age categories, were studied during a long-continued training (130 days). Both transaminases exhibit characteristic changes in the activity, with a depression at the beginning between the 30th and 40th days of training, followed by a slow increase in AST and by a rapid increase in ALT, continuing until the end of the training period. A statistically significant activity pattern was recorded in LD: the activity declined continuously in both age groups of dogs. LD-1 exhibited an activity depression continuing until the 70th day of training, followed by an increase which reached statistical significance towards the end of the training. ALP activity varied regularly, but always remained significantly below the starting values. The enzymatic activities can be used as partial tests during the scientific management of the training of dogs in relation to the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the bodies of the dogs subjected to the training stress.
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PMID:[The effect of training stress on enzyme activity in working dogs]. 312 61

The cardiotoxic actions of Kenyan green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom have been investigated using primary myocardial cell cultures isolated from neonatal rat hearts. The cardiotoxic actions of the whole venom and its fractionated components were evaluated on the basis of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), changes in morphology, cell membrane lysis, decreases in viability and inhibition of spontaneous beating activity. The whole venom caused time- and concentration-dependent arrest of myocardial contraction, leakage of LDH, extensive disruption of cell monolayer, and decreases in viability. The venom was separated into 6 (DaI to DaVI) fractions by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-50. Spontaneous beating activity was abolished by DaI to DaVI at high concentrations, while at lower doses they induced progressive depression of beating frequency after a 3-h treatment period. DaI to DaIV caused significant leakage of LDH, morphological damage, and decreases in viability after a 6-h incubation period. The most cardiotoxic fraction (DaIV), which also contains about 54% of the total protein of the whole venom, was fractionated into 18 polypeptides (Da1 to Da18) by ion exchange chromatography on Bio-Rex 70. On the basis of their ability to abolish myocardial contractility, release LDH, alter cellular structure, lyse cell membranes and reduce viability, the 18 fractions have been divided into 4 arbitrary subgroups of cytotoxins: cardiotoxins, Da1 to Da3; cardiotoxin-like polypeptides, Da4 to Da12, Da14; less active membrane lytic polypeptides, Da13, Da15 to Da17; and membrane lytic polypeptide, Da18. Marked synergistic cell membrane lysis occurred in myocardial cell cultures treated simultaneously with 2 cardiotoxin-like polypeptides, Da7 and Da11. It is suggested that the additive and synergistic cardiotoxic effects of high molecular weight cytotoxic proteins (DaI to DaIII), very low molecular weight cholinomimetic substances (DaV to DaVI) and the 4 subgroups of cardiotoxins may directly contribute to the pronounced cardiovascular problems observed in victims of green mamba bites.
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PMID:Cardiotoxicity of Kenyan green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom and its fractionated components in primary cultures of rat myocardial cells. 318 32

The respective roles of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid composition, physiological properties and enzyme release was investigated on isolated cardiac muscle cells in normoxia and hypoxia. Rat neonatal ventricular myocytes were grown for 5 days in conventional serum-supplemented medium. Cells were then incubated for 24 h in fully chemically-defined media featuring a balanced fatty acid composition containing either linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) or linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) as sole polyunsaturated fatty acid source. Transmembrane potentials were monitored with microelectrodes and contractions with a photoelectric device. The radio of n-6 to n-3 phospholipid fatty acids increased from 6.3 in control cells to 20.2 in cells exposed to n-6 fatty acids (SM6) and decreased to 1.4 in those exposed to n-3 fatty acids (SM3). These modifications had no influence on the electrical and mechanical activities and on automaticity in normoxic conditions. The action potential depression under hypoxia was less severe in SM6 cells, whereas there was a better electrophysiological recovery upon reoxygenation in SM3 cells. However, the loss of lactate dehydrogenase during sustained hypoxic treatment was not affected by changes in phospholipid fatty acid pattern. These results suggest that the effect of the polyunsaturated fatty acid balance depends on the cellular function under study and on the environmental conditions.
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PMID:Modification of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio in the phospholipids of rat ventricular myocytes in culture by the use of synthetic media: functional and biochemical consequences in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. 321 98

A high incidence of natural osteoarthritis of the knee joint is found in male mice of the STR/ORT strain. The condition affects mainly the medial tibial cartilage and by the age of 27 weeks most male mice of this strain show some osteoarthritic change. Analysis of the oxidative metabolism of the chondrocytes during the development of the lesion has been facilitated by the techniques of quantitative cytochemistry. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has been investigated as indicative of the NADPH-generating pentose-phosphate pathway; the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been studied as indicators of glycolytic activity. In young STR/ORT mice the G6PD activity of the lateral tibial cartilage was greater and more variable than in the control mice of the CBA/HT6 strain. The activity in the medial cartilage, relative to that in the lateral cartilage, decreased with age; this change was not reflected in the activities of the other enzymes. In the lateral cartilage, the expected relationship was found between the G6PD and the G3PD activities and between the LDH and the G3PD activities. In the medial cartilage, the G6PD activities were not related to the G3PD activities. The decreased proportionality of the G6PD activities in the medial cartilage as against that in the lateral cartilage was detected in mice as young as 9 weeks; by 27 weeks of age nine of the 13 mice showed marked depression of medial as against lateral G6PD activities. In contrast, only four of the 13 mice showed any overt histological charge until up to the age of 28 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in oxidative activities of chondrocytes during the early development of natural murine osteoarthritis. 321 87

The electrophoretic distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, Michaelis constant, reaction with substrate, and dissociation into subunits with guanidine hydrochloride was examined in undifferentiated and differentiated human myeloid leukemia cells. Differentiation was induced with 1/microgram/ml tunicamycin. Undifferentiated cells did not display phagocytic ability, and less than 5% of these cells had Fc receptors. After exposure to tunicamycin for 40 hr, 40% of these differentiated cells had Fc receptors, and 35% showed phagocytic activity after 160 hr. The majority of the LDH activity in the undifferentiated cells was found in fraction 3, and following differentiation almost a 50% reduction in LDH activity was observed in this fraction. In addition, LDH 3 isoenzyme levels were found to be greater in patients containing a high percentage of undifferentiated cells than in patients containing a high percentage of differentiated cells. Differentiated cells displayed LDH isoenzyme fraction pattern, Michaelis constant, and reaction with substrate similar to those found in the normal granulocytes. Differences in the dissociation of LDH into subunits with guanidine hydrochloride were found between undifferentiated and differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Treatment with 0.75 M guanidine hydrochloride caused complete inactivation of LDH derived from normal differentiated cells, whereas similar treatment caused complete inactivation of LDH derived from AML or normal granulocytes. LDH isoenzymes derived from normal granulocytes and differentiated AML cells were also more sensitive to guanidine hydrochloride depression of fluorescence intensity. The sedimentation constant for single peak LDH at 5.5 M guanidine hydrochloride was calculated as 1.65 sec for differentiated and 1.70 sec for undifferentiated cells. The molecular weight of the polypeptide subunits for undifferentiated cells was 30,000 and for differentiated cells was 39,000. The apparent parallel between leukemic cells after induction of differentiation and normal granulocytes indicates that the leukemic cells retain their maturation potential when exposed to an inducer of differentiation.
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PMID:Electrophoretic distribution and dissociation into subunits of lactate dehydrogenase derived from human myeloid leukemia cells before and after induction of differentiation. 345 28

Four experiments were carried out with 10 to 12 day old leghorn chicks weighing approximately 93 to 101 g. The chicks were injected intraperitoneally with sterigmatocystin (STG) dissolved in olive oil. The LD50 values as established in the first two experiments were 10.0 and 14.0 mg/kg body weight with most of the deaths occurring between 9 and 21 h following injection. Histopathological studies demonstrated that there was hemorrhage, foci of degeneration and necrosis with fibroblastic proliferation in sinusoids of the liver while the kidneys showed tubular degeneration and necrosis. Biochemical analysis of blood sera demonstrated that STG caused a marked elevation in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and a depression of creatine kinase, but no effects on gamma-glutamyl transferase, amylase and lipase. Free and conjugated bilirubin were elevated in the sera while total protein, albumin, glucose, potassium, chloride and phosphorous concentrations were depressed. In addition, total white blood cells and circulating agranulocytes were depressed while circulating granulocytes were elevated. STG did not significantly affect the concentration of uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium and sodium in blood.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of sterigmatocystin to chicks. 356 71

The relations between reciprocal ST segment depression in the electrocardiogram and infarct size and 10 year prognosis were studied in 315 patients who survived for at least 28 days after a first anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. ST depression was more common in inferior infarcts (72%) than in anterior (37%) ones. It occurred more frequently in complicated infarcts and in the presence of considerable ST elevation. Patients experiencing second or third degree heart block were significantly more likely to show reciprocal changes. The rise in peak cardiac enzyme concentration was higher in patients showing ST depression. In patients with ST depression, peak creatine kinase concentration was 46% higher, aspartate aminotransferase was 39% higher, and lactate dehydrogenase 29% higher after correction for site and complications. A discriminant function analysis selected infarct site, peak aspartate aminotransferase, and magnitude of ST elevation as predictors of the occurrence of ST depression. Age, severity, and smoking status did not significantly improve discrimination. Despite larger increases in peak enzyme concentrations patients with ST depression had marginally fewer subsequent episodes of unstable angina or fatal or non-fatal infarction and a marginally lower 10 year death rate. Neither difference was statistically significant. ST depression occurring early in the acute phase of myocardial infarction is likely to be a reflection of electrophysiological changes taking place at the site of the infarct that is manifested in the contralateral surface of the heart. Other causes, however, such as transient ischaemia at the site of the reciprocal changes or extension of the infarct to contiguous areas cannot be excluded in all cases.
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PMID:The aetiology and prognostic implications of reciprocal electrocardiographic changes in acute myocardial infarction. 370 82

The relation of central haemodynamic changes to subsequent mortality and peak enzyme activity was investigated in 190 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The mean delay time from onset of symptoms to the haemodynamic study was 7.2 hours. Major exclusion criteria were heart rate less than 65 beats min-1, systolic blood pressure less than 105 mmHg and lung rales to a distance of greater than 10 cm above the lung bases. Nine patients (4.7%) died within 15 days and 16 patients (8.4%) within 90 days after the infarction. Compared to survivors, non-survivors were characterized by baseline depression of cardiac index, stroke volume index and left ventricular stroke work index, while pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and peripheral resistance were increased. However, a wide overlap between survivors and non-survivors makes the predictive value low in the individual patient. Peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT) activity was weakly related to baseline pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.28; P less than 0.001) and stroke volume index (r = -0.22; P less than 0.01). The correlation to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was only found in anterior (r = 0.34) infarcts. Peak serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD1) was not correlated with baseline haemodynamics.
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PMID:Central haemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction in relation to mortality and peak enzyme activity. 373 97

After surgical placement of end-to-side portacaval shunts (PCS), 4 adult mongrel dogs (11.8 to 18.2 kg) were fed purified diets and monitored for approximately 50 weeks for changes in body weight, neurologic status, and an array of clinically important biochemical variables. Two healthy dogs, fed the same diets and maintained in the same environment, were also observed (controls). Body weights were relatively stable over the period of observation. The branched-chain ratio ([valine] + [leucine] + [isoleucine]/[phenylalanine] + [tyrosine]), an index of the degree of change in plasma amino acid concentrations, was significantly lower in dogs with PCS than in controls. Despite this depression in branched-chain ratio, the principals (dogs with PCS) were essentially free of neurologic symptoms. Statistically significant decreases due to portacaval shunting were seen in the serum concentrations of glucose, calcium, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and albumin. Total protein, globulin, and triglyceride concentrations tended to be lower in the serum of principals than in serum of controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. Statistically significant increases due to portacaval shunting were seen in plasma concentrations of total conjugated bile acids and sulfobromophthalein retention. Concentrations of the following compounds tended to be higher in serum of principals than in serum of controls: phosphorus, chloride, uric acid, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy at 7 months after operation showed mild-to-extensive atrophy of hepatocytes, mild-to-extensive fibrosis, and collapsed portal veins in all principals examined.
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PMID:Long-term biochemical and physiologic effects of surgically placed portacaval shunts in dogs. 395 18

Serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured before, during, and after milk fat depression in 9 cows fed a high-concentrate ration during 2 experiments. In 7 of the 9 cows, increases in serum SDH and LDH activities were observed during milk fat depression. The gamma-GT activity showed only moderate changes, whereas the ALP activity remained unchanged. During recovery from milk fat depression, decreases of SDH, LDH, and gamma-GT activities were found in nearly all cows. Association of this phenomenon with changes found in beef cattle, such as ruminal lesions and liver abscesses, are discussed.
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PMID:Changes of serum enzyme activities in cows with milk fat depression. 613 78


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