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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between psychopathy and mental disorders was investigated in 61 male subjects during a forensic psychiatric examination. The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were used for the assessments. Although psychotic subjects were excluded, the overall psychiatric morbidity in the study population was high. Comorbidity was common, irrespective of the degree of psychopathy. Psychopathy was strongly positively correlated with substance abuse/dependence but negatively correlated with depression. Almost all of the subjects with high PCL-R scores had DSM-III-R antisocial and/or borderline personality disorders. However, some subjects with antisocial personality disorders had medium or low PCL-R scores. When the subjects were reassessed with diagnoses of DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders, the difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder was reduced.
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PMID:Psychopathy and Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders in a forensic psychiatric population in Sweden. 891 55

The purpose of this study was to measure the perception of choices among elders who live in a nursing home. The perception of choices, defined as a subjective appraisal of alternatives as understood by the individual, includes the freedom to make decisions, individuality of judgment, and availability of options. The instrument--Perception of Choices in a Nursing Home (PCL)--is a 10-item dichotomous scale designed for administration to frail elderly. A study with three phases involved 228 elderly in 19 different nursing homes. The results of principal component's factor analysis supported the presence of one dimension interpreted as having choices. The internal consistency reliability was a = .84, n = 99; and a = .74, n = 129. Low mental status did not affect internal consistency reliability but affected retest reliability, r = 67. The PCL correlated significantly with depression, r = .31, p = .0001, and powerlessness, .36, p = .005.
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PMID:Measuring the perception of choices in the nursing home. 917 Jul 78

A questionnaire-study on work related trauma was conducted at 15 intensive care units. 144 examined female and male (17%) nurses provided information on the type and frequency of highly stressful job experiences, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL-C), depression (ADS-K) and cognitive-emotional coping style (FAPK 1.3). The study participants had an average age of 32 and an average job experience of 8 years. They reported an average of 38 traumatic job experiences in which they were confronted with seriously injured, mutilated and dying patients, corpses and their own anxiety and helplessness. 88% suffered from intrusive symptoms, 75%) from arousal symptoms; 41% had developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compared with less disturbed participants nurses with PTSD reported significantly more often on depressive symptoms and deficiencies in emotional competence.
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PMID:[Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in intensive care unit personnel]. 1107 71

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between breast cancer survivors' experiences during the diagnostic consultation and their subsequent long-term psychological adjustment. Sixty women (M age=53 years) who had been diagnosed with local or regional breast cancer (Stage 0-IIIA) an average of 28 months prior were interviewed by telephone. Measures included: Cancer Diagnostic Interview Scale, Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and ad hoc items regarding memory for, and satisfaction with, the diagnostic consultation. After controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the three CDIS subscales accounted for 12% of the variance in women's PCL-C scores (F change=3.46, p<0.05). The CDIS-Caring subscale was a significant predictor in the 'best-fit' regression model for each of the three indices of long-term distress (all B's>-0.23, p<0.05). In contrast, the CDIS-Competence subscale was not a significant predictor in any of the 'best-fit' models. Additionally, women's satisfaction with physician behavior during the diagnostic consultation was unrelated to all adjustment measures (r's<0.10, p's>0.50). Findings suggest that women's perceptions of physicians' interpersonal skills during the diagnostic consultation are associated with later psychological adjustment.
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PMID:Communication in the cancer 'bad news' consultation: patient perceptions and psychological adjustment. 1183 91

The association between psychotic symptoms and violence is unclear, due in part to methodological features of investigations that have examined this question, and in part to the fact that the association likely differs by disorder and treatment conditions. Using data from The Comparative Study of the Prevention of Crime and Violence by Mentally Ill Persons, we examined 128 men with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder discharged from general and forensic psychiatric hospitals in Canada, Finland, Germany, and Sweden. The association between symptoms and aggressive behavior was studied during two 6 month periods when the patients lived in the community. Severe positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, depression, and anxiety were measured at the beginning of each of the 6 month periods. In addition, at the beginning of the second 6 month period changes in symptoms in the previous period were indexed. Aggressive behavior was measured in each 6 month period by reports from patients and from collaterals. During the first 6 months post-discharge, after controlling for the presence of antisocial personality disorder or PCL score and past diagnoses of alcohol/drug abuse/dependence, the presence of a severe positive symptom significantly increased the risk of aggressive behavior. During the second 6 month period, after controlling for antisocial personality disorder or PCL score and self-reported alcohol/drug use, the presence of a severe positive symptom, a TCO symptom, and an increase in TCO symptoms significantly increased the risk of aggressive behavior. Neither depot medications nor obligatory community treatment reduced the risk of aggressive behavior after controlling for the presence of a severe positive symptom and/or TCO symptoms. These findings suggest that, among men with schizophrenia being treated in the community, the presence of severe psychotic symptoms and the development of TCO symptoms are antecedents of aggressive behavior.
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PMID:The antecedents of aggressive behavior among men with schizophrenia: a prospective investigation of patients in community treatment. 1289 6

The construct of psychopathy has often been considered mutually exclusive to the presence of genuine depressive or anxiety symptomotology. This article addresses the hypothesized reasons for this dichotomous relationship. In this study, 68 civilly committed adult male sex offenders were evaluated using a variety of psychological measures to determine if psychopathic individuals in this group would demonstrate clinically significant affective symptoms. Results indicate that the men in this sample endorsed high rates of psychopathy on the PCL-R, with 42% of these expressing concurrent symptoms of depression and 26% manifesting symptoms of an anxiety disorder. Relationships between affective symptoms and PCL-R factor scores and qualitative differences between these constructs in child molesters and rapists are also discussed.
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PMID:A preliminary study on findings of psychopathy and affective disorders in adult sex offenders. 1613 65

In this article the authors evaluated the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist's (PCL) psychometric properties in 142 older adult primary care patients screened for several psychiatric disorders. Several established PCL scoring rules were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed a PCL score of 37 achieving optimal sensitivity and specificity, when compared to the PCL's algorithm-derived PTSD diagnosis (based on whether at least one reexperiencing, three avoidance/numbing, and two hyperarousal symptoms were endorsed with a rating of 3 or higher, indicating at least moderate severity). Among depressed, anxious, and substance abusing older adults, the PCL demonstrated adequate internal consistency. It also revealed similar convergence with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, found in previous research. Implications for using the PTSD Checklist with community-dwelling older adults in primary care are discussed.
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PMID:Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist with older primary care patients. 1628 Dec 34

A 67-year-old woman was admitted with impaired general performance, suffering from fatigue, chest oppression on exertion, and paresthesia of the finger trips. The laboratory findings showed increased white blood cells with abnormal cells, and serum immunofixation test showed monoclonal IgM kappa paraprotein. On flow cytometric immunophenotyping with CD38 gating, most of the abnormal cells expressed surface CD20, CD138, cytoplasmic IgM, but neither surface CD56 nor surface IgM. Immunohistochemical staining of abnormal cells was positive for surface CD38, surface CD20 and cytoplasmic IgM. The final diagnosis was plasma cell leukemia IgM kappa type. Electrocardiography (ECG) on admission showed ST depression in II, III, aV(F), V4, V5, and V6. Coronary angiography (CAG) is invasive and difficult for patients with renal failure, therefore the patient underwent transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE), which revealed reduced coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). Two courses of VAD therapy were administered, then the condition improved, the serum IgM level decreased, abnormal cells were decreased in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates, and the creatinine levels improved. With the return of normal ECG findings and improved CFVR, the abnormal ECG and reduction in CFVR was thought to be associated with the hyperviscosity syndrome in PCL. Noninvasive assessment of CFVR by TTDE is significantly useful for the patients who have renal failure and need chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Effective measurement of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) for plasma cell leukemia with hyperviscosity syndrome]. 1647 78

Self-injurious behavior involving deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts by inmates while under custodial authority is a major problem for prisons and jails (prevalence, legal obligation for suicide prevention, and stress for officers). The differentiation of "serious" vs. "non-serious" and often manipulative suicide attempts as distinct phenomena, each with its own clinical features, is controversially discussed in current literature and a challenge for every diagnostician. If distinct clinical presentations and histories can be observed, an estimation of the seriousness of each act of self-injurious behavior can be simplified, whereby appropriate treatment of the individual case becomes possible. The aim of the study was to find differences between self-injurious behavior of "low seriousness" (i.e. low lethality and low suicidal intent) and of "high seriousness". Therefore, inmates showing self-injurious behavior were divided into subgroups of deliberate self-harm and suicide attempters on the basis of the act's intent and lethality. This was followed by a comparison of the clinical presentations of the individual inmates constituting the subgroups. Hence, 49 inmates showing self-injurious behavior were interviewed and tested with a variety of instruments (SCID-I and II, PCL-R, BDI-II, BHS, BSS, SIS, etc.), and their prison and health files were examined. The results indicate significant correlations between seriousness and some demographic, prison-related variables as well as different measures of depression. Negative, but nonsignificant correlations could be observed with regard to cluster B personality disorders. The PCL-R total score as well as PCL-R factor 1 showed a statistical trend for negative correlations with measures of seriousness. Inmates showing deliberate self-harm and suicide attempters seem to differ in a number of ways. Implications on how the individual prisoner should be treated are discussed.
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PMID:Deliberate self-harm and suicide attempt in custody: distinguishing features in male inmates' self-injurious behavior. 1678

This study aimed at the identification of acute and post-traumatic stress responses, and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients. Structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV (SCID) were conducted post-surgery with 127 patients (t1). Screening measures were used to assess post-traumatic stress responses, anxiety, and depression at t1 and at 6 months follow-up (t2). Based on the SCID, prevalence rates were 2.4% for both, cancer-related ASD and PTSD. Experiences most frequently described as traumatic were the cancer diagnosis itself and subsequent feelings of uncertainty. Patients with lifetime PTSD (8.7%) were more likely to meet the criteria for cancer-related ASD or PTSD (OR=14.1). Prevalence estimates were 7.1% for Adjustment Disorder, 4.7% for Major Depression, 3.1% for Dysthymic Disorder and 6.3% for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Using the screening instruments, IES-R, PCL-C and HADS, we found PTSD in 18.5% at t1 and 11.2-16.3% at t2. The estimates of anxiety and depression reveal rates of 39.6% (t1) and 32.7% (t2) for anxiety, as well as 16.0% (t1) and 13.3% (t2) for depression (t1) (cut-off> or =8). The diagnosis of a life-threatening illness has been included as a potential trauma in the DSM-IV. However, it has to be critically evaluated whether subjective feelings of uncertainty like fears of treatment count among traumatic stressors, and thus, whether the diagnosis of PTSD is appropriate in this group of cancer patients. However, a large number of women with emotional distress illustrate the need for psychosocial counseling and support in this early treatment phase.
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PMID:Prevalence of acute and post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients during primary cancer care: a prospective study. 1685 47


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